4 11 solving problems with trigonometry homework answers

Trigonometry

Katherine Yoshiwara

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Appendix a answers to selected exercises and homework problems, 1 triangles and circles 1.1 angles and triangles homework 1.1, 1.2 similar triangles homework 1.2, 1.3 circles homework 1.3, 1.4 chapter 1 summary and review chapter 1 review problems, 2 the trigonometric ratios 2.1 side and angle relationships homework 2.1, 2.2 right triangle trigonometry homework 2.2, 2.3 solving right triangles homework 2.3, 2.4 chapter 2 summary and review chapter 2 review problems, 3 laws of sines and cosines 3.1 obtuse angles homework 3.1, 3.2 the law of sines homework 3.2, 3.3 the law of cosines homework 3.3, 3.4 chapter 3 summary and review chapter 3 review problems, 4 trigonometric functions 4.1 angles and rotation homework 4.1, 4.2 graphs of trigonometric functions homework 4.2, 4.3 using trigonometric functions homework 4.3, 4.4 chapter 4 summary and review chapter 4 review problems, 5 equations and identities 5.1 algebra with trigonometric ratios homework 5.1, 5.2 solving equations homework 5.2, 5.3 trigonometric identities homework 5.3, 5.4 chapter 5 summary and review chapter 5 review problems, 6 radians 6.1 arclength and radians homework 6.1, 6.2 the circular functions homework 6.2, 6.3 graphs of the circular functions homework 6.3, 6.4 chapter 6 summary and review chapter 6 review problems, 7 circular functions 7.1 transformations of graphs homework 7-1, 7.2 the general sinusoidal function homework 7-2, 7.3 solving equations homework 7-3, 7.4 chapter 7 summary and review review problems, 8 more functions and identities 8.1 sum and difference formulas homework 8-1, 8.2 inverse trigonometric functions homework 8-2, 8.3 the reciprocal functions homework 8-3, 8.4 chapter summary and review review problems, 9 vectors 9.1 geometric form homework 9-1, 9.2 coordinate form homework 9-2, 9.3 the dot product homework 9-3, 9.4 chapter summary and review review problems, 10 polar coordinates and complex numbers 10.1 polar coordinates homework 10-1, 10.2 polar graphs homework 10-2, 10.3 complex numbers homework 10-3, 10.4 polar form for complex numbers homework 10-4, 10.5 chapter summary and review review problems.

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15 Trigonometry Questions And Practice Problems (KS3 & KS4): Harder GCSE Exam Style Questions Included

Beki christian.

Trigonometry questions address the relationship between the angles of a triangle and the lengths of its sides. By using our knowledge of the rules of trigonometry we can calculate missing angles or sides when we have been given some of the information. 

Here we’ve provided 15 trigonometry questions to provide students with practice at the various sorts of trigonometry problems and GCSE exam style questions you can expect in KS3 and KS4 trigonometry.

You may also like:

Ks3 trigonometry questions – missing angles, ks4 trigonometry questions – sohcahtoa, ks4 trigonometry questions – exact values, ks4 trigonometry questions – 3d trigonometry, ks4 trigonometry questions – sine/cosine rule, ks4 trigonometry questions – area of a triangle, looking for more keyword questions and resources, looking for more ks3 and ks4 maths questions.

Free GCSE maths revision resources for schools As part of the Third Space Learning offer to schools, the personalised online GCSE maths tuition can be supplemented by hundreds of free GCSE maths revision resources including: – GCSE maths past papers – GCSE maths worksheets – GCSE maths questions – GCSE maths topic list

Trigonometry in the real world

Trigonometry is used by architects, engineers, astronomers, crime scene investigators, flight engineers and many others.

Trigonometry in KS3 and KS4

In KS3 we learn about the trigonometric ratios sin, cos and tan and how we can use these to calculate sides and angles in right angled triangles. In KS4 trigonometry involves applying this to a variety of situations as well as learning the exact values of sin, cos and tan for certain angles.

In the higher GCSE syllabus we learn about the sine rule, the cosine rule, a new formula for the area of a triangle and we apply trigonometry to 3D shapes. In A Level maths trigonometry is developed further but that is not the focus of the trigonometry questions here.

Download this 15 Trigonometry Questions And Practice Problems (KS3 & KS4) Worksheet

Help your students prepare for their Maths GSCE with this free Trigonometry worksheet of 15 multiple choice questions and answers.

How to answer trigonometry questions

The way to answer trigonometry questions depends on whether it is a right angled triangle or not.

How to answer trigonometry questions: right-angled triangles

If your trigonometry question involves a right angled triangle, you can apply the following relationships ie SOH, CAH, TOA

To answer the trigonometry question:

1 . Establish that it is a right angled triangle.

2 . Label the opposite side (opposite the angle) the adjacent side (next to the angle) and the hypotenuse (longest side opposite the right angle).

3. Use the following triangles to help us decide which calculation to do:

How to answer trigonometry questions – non-right angled triangles

If the triangle is not a right angled triangle then we need to use the sine rule or the cosine rule.

There is also a formula we can use for the area of a triangle, which does not require us to know the base and height of the triangle.

• Establish that it is not a right angled triangle.
• Label the sides of the triangle using lower case a, b, c.
• Label the angles of the triangle using upper case A, B and C.
• Opposite sides and angles should use the same letter so for example angle C is opposite to side c.

KS3 trigonometry questions

In KS3 trigonometry questions focus on understanding of sin, cos and tan (SOHCAHTOA) to calculate missing sides and angles in right triangles.

• Year 6 Maths Test
• Year 7 Maths Test
• Year 8 Maths Test
• Year 9 Maths Test

KS3 trigonometry questions – missing side

1. A zip wire runs between two posts, 25m apart. The zip wire is at an angle of 10^{\circ} to the horizontal. Calculate the length of the zip wire.

2. A surveyor wants to know the height of a skyscraper. He places his inclinometer on a tripod 1m from the ground. At a distance of 50m from the skyscraper, he records an angle of elevation of 82^{\circ} .

What is the height of the skyscraper? Give your answer to one decimal place.

Total height = 355.8+1=356.8m.

3. Triangle ABC is isosceles. Work out the height of triangle ABC.

To solve this we split the triangle into two right angled triangles.

4. A builder is constructing a roof. The wood he is using for the sloped section of the roof is 4m long and the peak of the roof needs to be 2m high. What angle should the piece of wood make with the base of the roof?

5. A ladder is leaning against a wall. The ladder is 1.8m long and the bottom of the ladder is 0.5m from the base of the wall. To be considered safe, a ladder must form an angle of between 70^{\circ} and 80^{\circ} with the floor. Is this ladder safe?

Not enough information

Yes it is safe.

6. A helicopter flies 40km east followed by 105km south. On what bearing must the helicopter fly to return home directly?

Since bearings are measured clockwise from North, we need to do 360-21=339^{\circ}.

KS4 trigonometry questions

In KS4 maths, trigonometry questions ask students to solve a variety of problems including multi step problems and real life problems. We also need to be familiar with the exact values of the trigonometric functions at certain angles.

In the higher syllabus we look at applying trigonometry to 3D problems as well as using the sine rule, cosine rule and area of a triangle.

Trigonometry is covered by all exam boards, including Edexcel, AQA and OCR.

Read more: Question Level Analysis Of Edexcel Maths Past Papers (Foundation)

7.   Calculate the size of angle ABC. Give your answer to 3 significant figures.

8. Kevin’s garden is in the shape of an isosceles trapezium (the sloping sides are equal in length). Kevin wants to buy enough grass seed for his garden. Each box of grass seed covers 15m^2 . How many boxes of grass seed will Kevin need to buy?

To calculate the area of the trapezium, we first need to find the height. Since it is an isosceles trapezium, it is symmetrical and we can create a right angled triangle with a base of \frac{10-5}{2} .

We can then find the area of the trapezium:

Number of boxes: 88.215=5.88

Kevin will need 6 boxes.

9.   Which of these values cannot be the value of \sin(\theta) ?

10. . Write 4sin(60) + 3tan(60) in the form a\sqrt{k}.

Work out angle a, between the line AG and the plane ADHE.

We need to begin by finding the length AH by looking at the triangle AEH and using pythagoras theorem.

\begin{aligned} &AH^2=14^2+3^2 \\\\ &AH^2=205 \\\\ &AH=14.32cm \end{aligned}

We can then find angle a by looking at the triangle AGH.

\begin{aligned} \tan(\theta)&=\frac{O}{A}\\\\ \tan(\theta)&=\frac{4}{14.32}\\\\ \theta&=tan^{-1}(\frac{4}{14.32})\\\\ \theta&=15.6^{\circ} \end{aligned}

12.   Work out the length of BC.

First we need to find the length DC by looking at triangle CDE.

We can then look at triangle BAC.

13. Ship A sails 40km due West and ship B sails 65km on a bearing of 050^{\circ} . Find the distance between the two ships.

The angle between their two paths is 90+50=140^{\circ} .

\begin{aligned} a^{2}&=b^{2}+c^{2}-2bc \cos(A)\\\\ a^{2}&=40^{2}+65^{2}-2\times 40 \times 65 \cos(140)\\\\ a^{2}&=5825-5200 \cos(140)\\\\ a^{2}&=9808.43\\\\ a&=99.0\mathrm{km} \end{aligned}

14.   Find the size of angle B.

First we need to look at the right angled triangle.

Then we can look at the scalene triangle.

The area of the triangle is 16cm^2 . Find the length of the side x .

\begin{aligned} \text{Area }&=\frac{1}{2}ab \sin(C)\\\\ 16&=\frac{1}{2} \times x \times 2x \times \sin(40)\\\\ 16&=x^{2} \sin(40)\\\\ \frac{1}{\sin(40)}&=x^{2}\\\\ 24.89&=x^{2}\\\\ 5.0&=x \end{aligned}

Third Space Learning’s free GCSE maths resource library contains detailed lessons with step-by-step instructions on how to solve ratio problems, as well as worksheets with trigonometry practice questions and more GCSE exam questions.

Take a look at the trigonometry lessons today – more are added every week.

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High school geometry

Course: high school geometry   >   unit 5, solving for a side in right triangles with trigonometry.

• Solve for a side in right triangles

Let's look at an example.

Let's focus on angle B ‍   since that is the angle that is explicitly given in the diagram.

A right triangle A B C. Angle A C B is a right angle. Angle A B C is fifty degrees and is highlighted. Side A C is unknown. Side A B is six units.

Note that we are given the length of the hypotenuse ‍   , and we are asked to find the length of the side opposite ‍   angle B ‍   . The trigonometric ratio that contains both of those sides is the sine . [I'd like to review the trig ratios.]

sin ⁡ ( B ) =  opposite    hypotenuse                 Define sine. sin ⁡ ( 50 ∘ ) = A C 6                                               Substitute. 6 sin ⁡ ( 50 ∘ ) = A C                                                   Multiply both sides by  6. 4.60 ≈ A C                                                   Evaluate with a calculator. ‍  

Now let's try some practice problems.

• Your answer should be
• an integer, like 6 ‍  
• a simplified proper fraction, like 3 / 5 ‍  
• a simplified improper fraction, like 7 / 4 ‍  
• a mixed number, like 1   3 / 4 ‍  
• an exact decimal, like 0.75 ‍  
• a multiple of pi, like 12   pi ‍   or 2 / 3   pi ‍  

Challenge problem

• (Choice A)   sin ⁡ ( 28 ∘ ) = 20 z ‍   A sin ⁡ ( 28 ∘ ) = 20 z ‍  
• (Choice B)   cos ⁡ ( 28 ∘ ) = 20 z ‍   B cos ⁡ ( 28 ∘ ) = 20 z ‍  
• (Choice C)   cos ⁡ ( 62 ∘ ) = 20 z ‍   C cos ⁡ ( 62 ∘ ) = 20 z ‍  
• (Choice D)   tan ⁡ ( 62 ∘ ) = 20 z ‍   D tan ⁡ ( 62 ∘ ) = 20 z ‍  

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• Introduction to Prerequisites
• 1.1 Real Numbers: Algebra Essentials
• 1.2 Exponents and Scientific Notation
• 1.3 Radicals and Rational Exponents
• 1.4 Polynomials
• 1.5 Factoring Polynomials
• 1.6 Rational Expressions
• Key Equations
• Key Concepts

Review Exercises

Practice test.

• Introduction to Equations and Inequalities
• 2.1 The Rectangular Coordinate Systems and Graphs
• 2.2 Linear Equations in One Variable
• 2.3 Models and Applications
• 2.4 Complex Numbers
• 2.5 Quadratic Equations
• 2.6 Other Types of Equations
• 2.7 Linear Inequalities and Absolute Value Inequalities
• Introduction to Functions

3.1 Functions and Function Notation

3.2 domain and range, 3.3 rates of change and behavior of graphs, 3.4 composition of functions, 3.5 transformation of functions, 3.6 absolute value functions, 3.7 inverse functions.

• Introduction to Linear Functions
• 4.1 Linear Functions
• 4.2 Modeling with Linear Functions
• 4.3 Fitting Linear Models to Data
• Introduction to Polynomial and Rational Functions
• 5.1 Quadratic Functions
• 5.2 Power Functions and Polynomial Functions
• 5.3 Graphs of Polynomial Functions
• 5.4 Dividing Polynomials
• 5.5 Zeros of Polynomial Functions
• 5.6 Rational Functions
• 5.7 Inverses and Radical Functions
• 5.8 Modeling Using Variation
• Introduction to Exponential and Logarithmic Functions
• 6.1 Exponential Functions
• 6.2 Graphs of Exponential Functions
• 6.3 Logarithmic Functions
• 6.4 Graphs of Logarithmic Functions
• 6.5 Logarithmic Properties
• 6.6 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
• 6.7 Exponential and Logarithmic Models
• 6.8 Fitting Exponential Models to Data
• Introduction to The Unit Circle: Sine and Cosine Functions
• 7.2 Right Triangle Trigonometry
• 7.3 Unit Circle
• 7.4 The Other Trigonometric Functions
• Introduction to Periodic Functions
• 8.1 Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions
• 8.2 Graphs of the Other Trigonometric Functions
• 8.3 Inverse Trigonometric Functions
• Introduction to Trigonometric Identities and Equations
• 9.1 Verifying Trigonometric Identities and Using Trigonometric Identities to Simplify Trigonometric Expressions
• 9.2 Sum and Difference Identities
• 9.3 Double-Angle, Half-Angle, and Reduction Formulas
• 9.4 Sum-to-Product and Product-to-Sum Formulas
• 9.5 Solving Trigonometric Equations
• Introduction to Further Applications of Trigonometry
• 10.1 Non-right Triangles: Law of Sines
• 10.2 Non-right Triangles: Law of Cosines
• 10.3 Polar Coordinates
• 10.4 Polar Coordinates: Graphs
• 10.5 Polar Form of Complex Numbers
• 10.6 Parametric Equations
• 10.7 Parametric Equations: Graphs
• 10.8 Vectors
• Introduction to Systems of Equations and Inequalities
• 11.1 Systems of Linear Equations: Two Variables
• 11.2 Systems of Linear Equations: Three Variables
• 11.3 Systems of Nonlinear Equations and Inequalities: Two Variables
• 11.4 Partial Fractions
• 11.5 Matrices and Matrix Operations
• 11.6 Solving Systems with Gaussian Elimination
• 11.7 Solving Systems with Inverses
• 11.8 Solving Systems with Cramer's Rule
• Introduction to Analytic Geometry
• 12.1 The Ellipse
• 12.2 The Hyperbola
• 12.3 The Parabola
• 12.4 Rotation of Axes
• 12.5 Conic Sections in Polar Coordinates
• Introduction to Sequences, Probability and Counting Theory
• 13.1 Sequences and Their Notations
• 13.2 Arithmetic Sequences
• 13.3 Geometric Sequences
• 13.4 Series and Their Notations
• 13.5 Counting Principles
• 13.6 Binomial Theorem
• 13.7 Probability
• A | Proofs, Identities, and Toolkit Functions
• ⓑ yes (Note: If two players had been tied for, say, 4th place, then the name would not have been a function of rank.)

w = f ( d ) w = f ( d )

g ( 5 ) = 1 g ( 5 ) = 1

m = 8 m = 8

y = f ( x ) = x 3 2 y = f ( x ) = x 3 2

g ( 1 ) = 8 g ( 1 ) = 8

x = 0 x = 0 or x = 2 x = 2

• ⓐ yes, because each bank account has a single balance at any given time;
• ⓑ no, because several bank account numbers may have the same balance;
• ⓒ no, because the same output may correspond to more than one input.
• ⓐ Yes, letter grade is a function of percent grade;
• ⓑ No, it is not one-to-one. There are 100 different percent numbers we could get but only about five possible letter grades, so there cannot be only one percent number that corresponds to each letter grade.

No, because it does not pass the horizontal line test.

{ − 5 , 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 } { − 5 , 0 , 5 , 10 , 15 }

( − ∞ , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , ∞ )

( − ∞ , 1 2 ) ∪ ( 1 2 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , 1 2 ) ∪ ( 1 2 , ∞ )

[ − 5 2 , ∞ ) [ − 5 2 , ∞ )

• ⓐ values that are less than or equal to –2, or values that are greater than or equal to –1 and less than 3
• ⓑ { x | x ≤ − 2 or − 1 ≤ x < 3 } { x | x ≤ − 2 or − 1 ≤ x < 3 }
• ⓒ ( − ∞ , − 2 ] ∪ [ − 1 , 3 ) ( − ∞ , − 2 ] ∪ [ − 1 , 3 )

domain =[1950,2002] range = [47,000,000,89,000,000]

domain: ( − ∞ , 2 ] ; ( − ∞ , 2 ] ; range: ( − ∞ , 0 ] ( − ∞ , 0 ]

$ 2.84 − $ 2.31 5 years = $ 0.53 5 years = $ 0.106 $ 2.84 − $ 2.31 5 years = $ 0.53 5 years = $ 0.106 per year.

a + 7 a + 7

The local maximum appears to occur at ( − 1 , 28 ) , ( − 1 , 28 ) , and the local minimum occurs at ( 5 , − 80 ) . ( 5 , − 80 ) . The function is increasing on ( − ∞ , − 1 ) ∪ ( 5 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 1 ) ∪ ( 5 , ∞ ) and decreasing on ( − 1 , 5 ) . ( − 1 , 5 ) .

( f g ) ( x ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) ( x 2 − 1 ) = x 3 − x 2 − x + 1 ( f − g ) ( x ) = f ( x ) − g ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) − ( x 2 − 1 ) = x − x 2 ( f g ) ( x ) = f ( x ) g ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) ( x 2 − 1 ) = x 3 − x 2 − x + 1 ( f − g ) ( x ) = f ( x ) − g ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) − ( x 2 − 1 ) = x − x 2

No, the functions are not the same.

A gravitational force is still a force, so a ( G ( r ) ) a ( G ( r ) ) makes sense as the acceleration of a planet at a distance r from the Sun (due to gravity), but G ( a ( F ) ) G ( a ( F ) ) does not make sense.

f ( g ( 1 ) ) = f ( 3 ) = 3 f ( g ( 1 ) ) = f ( 3 ) = 3 and g ( f ( 4 ) ) = g ( 1 ) = 3 g ( f ( 4 ) ) = g ( 1 ) = 3

g ( f ( 2 ) ) = g ( 5 ) = 3 g ( f ( 2 ) ) = g ( 5 ) = 3

[ − 4 , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ ) [ − 4 , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ )

Possible answer:

g ( x ) = 4 + x 2 h ( x ) = 4 3 − x f = h ∘ g g ( x ) = 4 + x 2 h ( x ) = 4 3 − x f = h ∘ g

The graphs of f ( x ) f ( x ) and g ( x ) g ( x ) are shown below. The transformation is a horizontal shift. The function is shifted to the left by 2 units.

g ( x ) = 1 x - 1 + 1 g ( x ) = 1 x - 1 + 1

g ( x ) = − f ( x ) g ( x ) = − f ( x )

h ( x ) = f ( − x ) h ( x ) = f ( − x )

Notice: g ( x ) = f ( − x ) g ( x ) = f ( − x ) looks the same as f ( x ) f ( x ) .

g ( x ) = 3 x - 2 g ( x ) = 3 x - 2

g ( x ) = f ( 1 3 x ) g ( x ) = f ( 1 3 x ) so using the square root function we get g ( x ) = 1 3 x g ( x ) = 1 3 x

using the variable p p for passing, | p − 80 | ≤ 20 | p − 80 | ≤ 20

f ( x ) = − | x + 2 | + 3 f ( x ) = − | x + 2 | + 3

x = − 1 x = − 1 or x = 2 x = 2

h ( 2 ) = 6 h ( 2 ) = 6

The domain of function f − 1 f − 1 is ( − ∞ , − 2 ) ( − ∞ , − 2 ) and the range of function f − 1 f − 1 is ( 1 , ∞ ) . ( 1 , ∞ ) .

• ⓐ f ( 60 ) = 50. f ( 60 ) = 50. In 60 minutes, 50 miles are traveled.
• ⓑ f − 1 ( 60 ) = 70. f − 1 ( 60 ) = 70. To travel 60 miles, it will take 70 minutes.

x = 3 y + 5 x = 3 y + 5

f − 1 ( x ) = ( 2 − x ) 2 ; domain of f : [ 0 , ∞ ) ; domain of f − 1 : ( − ∞ , 2 ] f − 1 ( x ) = ( 2 − x ) 2 ; domain of f : [ 0 , ∞ ) ; domain of f − 1 : ( − ∞ , 2 ]

3.1 Section Exercises

A relation is a set of ordered pairs. A function is a special kind of relation in which no two ordered pairs have the same first coordinate.

When a vertical line intersects the graph of a relation more than once, that indicates that for that input there is more than one output. At any particular input value, there can be only one output if the relation is to be a function.

When a horizontal line intersects the graph of a function more than once, that indicates that for that output there is more than one input. A function is one-to-one if each output corresponds to only one input.

not a function

f ( − 3 ) = − 11 ; f ( − 3 ) = − 11 ; f ( 2 ) = − 1 ; f ( 2 ) = − 1 ; f ( − a ) = − 2 a − 5 ; f ( − a ) = − 2 a − 5 ; − f ( a ) = − 2 a + 5 ; − f ( a ) = − 2 a + 5 ; f ( a + h ) = 2 a + 2 h − 5 f ( a + h ) = 2 a + 2 h − 5

f ( − 3 ) = 5 + 5 ; f ( − 3 ) = 5 + 5 ; f ( 2 ) = 5 ; f ( 2 ) = 5 ; f ( − a ) = 2 + a + 5 ; f ( − a ) = 2 + a + 5 ; − f ( a ) = − 2 − a − 5 ; − f ( a ) = − 2 − a − 5 ; f ( a + h ) = 2 − a − h + 5 f ( a + h ) = 2 − a − h + 5

f ( − 3 ) = 2 ; f ( − 3 ) = 2 ; f ( 2 ) = 1 − 3 = − 2 ; f ( 2 ) = 1 − 3 = − 2 ; f ( − a ) = | − a − 1 | − | − a + 1 | ; f ( − a ) = | − a − 1 | − | − a + 1 | ; − f ( a ) = − | a − 1 | + | a + 1 | ; − f ( a ) = − | a − 1 | + | a + 1 | ; f ( a + h ) = | a + h − 1 | − | a + h + 1 | f ( a + h ) = | a + h − 1 | − | a + h + 1 |

g ( x ) − g ( a ) x − a = x + a + 2 , x ≠ a g ( x ) − g ( a ) x − a = x + a + 2 , x ≠ a

a. f ( − 2 ) = 14 ; f ( − 2 ) = 14 ; b. x = 3 x = 3

a. f ( 5 ) = 10 ; f ( 5 ) = 10 ; b. x = − 1 x = − 1 or x = 4 x = 4

• ⓐ f ( t ) = 6 − 2 3 t ; f ( t ) = 6 − 2 3 t ;
• ⓑ f ( − 3 ) = 8 ; f ( − 3 ) = 8 ;
• ⓒ t = 6 t = 6
• ⓐ f ( 0 ) = 1 ; f ( 0 ) = 1 ;
• ⓑ f ( x ) = − 3 , x = − 2 f ( x ) = − 3 , x = − 2 or x = 2 x = 2

not a function so it is also not a one-to-one function

one-to- one function

function, but not one-to-one

f ( x ) = 1 , x = 2 f ( x ) = 1 , x = 2

f ( − 2 ) = 14 ; f ( − 1 ) = 11 ; f ( 0 ) = 8 ; f ( 1 ) = 5 ; f ( 2 ) = 2 f ( − 2 ) = 14 ; f ( − 1 ) = 11 ; f ( 0 ) = 8 ; f ( 1 ) = 5 ; f ( 2 ) = 2

f ( − 2 ) = 4 ;    f ( − 1 ) = 4.414 ; f ( 0 ) = 4.732 ; f ( 1 ) = 5 ; f ( 2 ) = 5.236 f ( − 2 ) = 4 ;    f ( − 1 ) = 4.414 ; f ( 0 ) = 4.732 ; f ( 1 ) = 5 ; f ( 2 ) = 5.236

f ( − 2 ) = 1 9 ; f ( − 1 ) = 1 3 ; f ( 0 ) = 1 ; f ( 1 ) = 3 ; f ( 2 ) = 9 f ( − 2 ) = 1 9 ; f ( − 1 ) = 1 3 ; f ( 0 ) = 1 ; f ( 1 ) = 3 ; f ( 2 ) = 9

[ 0 , 100 ] [ 0 , 100 ]

[ − 0.001 , 0 .001 ] [ − 0.001 , 0 .001 ]

[ − 1 , 000 , 000 , 1,000,000 ] [ − 1 , 000 , 000 , 1,000,000 ]

[ 0 , 10 ] [ 0 , 10 ]

[ −0.1 , 0.1 ] [ −0.1 , 0.1 ]

[ − 100 , 100 ] [ − 100 , 100 ]

• ⓐ g ( 5000 ) = 50 ; g ( 5000 ) = 50 ;
• ⓑ The number of cubic yards of dirt required for a garden of 100 square feet is 1.
• ⓐ The height of a rocket above ground after 1 second is 200 ft.
• ⓑ The height of a rocket above ground after 2 seconds is 350 ft.

3.2 Section Exercises

The domain of a function depends upon what values of the independent variable make the function undefined or imaginary.

There is no restriction on x x for f ( x ) = x 3 f ( x ) = x 3 because you can take the cube root of any real number. So the domain is all real numbers, ( − ∞ , ∞ ) . ( − ∞ , ∞ ) . When dealing with the set of real numbers, you cannot take the square root of negative numbers. So x x -values are restricted for f ( x ) = x f ( x ) = x to nonnegative numbers and the domain is [ 0 , ∞ ) . [ 0 , ∞ ) .

Graph each formula of the piecewise function over its corresponding domain. Use the same scale for the x x -axis and y y -axis for each graph. Indicate inclusive endpoints with a solid circle and exclusive endpoints with an open circle. Use an arrow to indicate − ∞ − ∞ or ∞ . ∞ . Combine the graphs to find the graph of the piecewise function.

( − ∞ , 3 ] ( − ∞ , 3 ]

( − ∞ , − 1 2 ) ∪ ( − 1 2 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 1 2 ) ∪ ( − 1 2 , ∞ )

( − ∞ , − 11 ) ∪ ( − 11 , 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 11 ) ∪ ( − 11 , 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞ )

( − ∞ , − 3 ) ∪ ( − 3 , 5 ) ∪ ( 5 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 3 ) ∪ ( − 3 , 5 ) ∪ ( 5 , ∞ )

( − ∞ , 5 ) ( − ∞ , 5 )

[ 6 , ∞ ) [ 6 , ∞ )

( − ∞ , − 9 ) ∪ ( − 9 , 9 ) ∪ ( 9 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 9 ) ∪ ( − 9 , 9 ) ∪ ( 9 , ∞ )

domain: ( 2 , 8 ] , ( 2 , 8 ] , range [ 6 , 8 ) [ 6 , 8 )

domain: [ − 4 , 4], [ − 4 , 4], range: [ 0 , 2] [ 0 , 2]

domain: [ − 5 , 3 ) , [ − 5 , 3 ) , range: [ 0 , 2 ] [ 0 , 2 ]

domain: ( − ∞ , 1 ] , ( − ∞ , 1 ] , range: [ 0 , ∞ ) [ 0 , ∞ )

domain: [ − 6 , − 1 6 ] ∪ [ 1 6 , 6 ] ; [ − 6 , − 1 6 ] ∪ [ 1 6 , 6 ] ; range: [ − 6 , − 1 6 ] ∪ [ 1 6 , 6 ] [ − 6 , − 1 6 ] ∪ [ 1 6 , 6 ]

domain: [ − 3 , ∞ ) ; [ − 3 , ∞ ) ; range: [ 0 , ∞ ) [ 0 , ∞ )

domain: ( − ∞ , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , ∞ )

f ( − 3 ) = 1 ; f ( − 2 ) = 0 ; f ( − 1 ) = 0 ; f ( 0 ) = 0 f ( − 3 ) = 1 ; f ( − 2 ) = 0 ; f ( − 1 ) = 0 ; f ( 0 ) = 0

f ( − 1 ) = − 4 ; f ( 0 ) = 6 ; f ( 2 ) = 20 ; f ( 4 ) = 34 f ( − 1 ) = − 4 ; f ( 0 ) = 6 ; f ( 2 ) = 20 ; f ( 4 ) = 34

f ( − 1 ) = − 5 ; f ( 0 ) = 3 ; f ( 2 ) = 3 ; f ( 4 ) = 16 f ( − 1 ) = − 5 ; f ( 0 ) = 3 ; f ( 2 ) = 3 ; f ( 4 ) = 16

domain: ( − ∞ , 1 ) ∪ ( 1 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , 1 ) ∪ ( 1 , ∞ )

window: [ − 0.5 , − 0.1 ] ; [ − 0.5 , − 0.1 ] ; range: [ 4 , 100 ] [ 4 , 100 ]

window: [ 0.1 , 0.5 ] ; [ 0.1 , 0.5 ] ; range: [ 4 , 100 ] [ 4 , 100 ]

[ 0 , 8 ] [ 0 , 8 ]

Many answers. One function is f ( x ) = 1 x − 2 . f ( x ) = 1 x − 2 .

• ⓐ The fixed cost is $500.
• ⓑ The cost of making 25 items is $750.
• ⓒ The domain is [0, 100] and the range is [500, 1500].

3.3 Section Exercises

Yes, the average rate of change of all linear functions is constant.

The absolute maximum and minimum relate to the entire graph, whereas the local extrema relate only to a specific region around an open interval.

4 ( b + 1 ) 4 ( b + 1 )

4 x + 2 h 4 x + 2 h

− 1 13 ( 13 + h ) − 1 13 ( 13 + h )

3 h 2 + 9 h + 9 3 h 2 + 9 h + 9

4 x + 2 h − 3 4 x + 2 h − 3

increasing on ( − ∞ , − 2.5 ) ∪ ( 1 , ∞ ) , ( − ∞ , − 2.5 ) ∪ ( 1 , ∞ ) , decreasing on ( − 2.5 , 1 ) ( − 2.5 , 1 )

increasing on ( − ∞ , 1 ) ∪ ( 3 , 4 ) , ( − ∞ , 1 ) ∪ ( 3 , 4 ) , decreasing on ( 1 , 3 ) ∪ ( 4 , ∞ ) ( 1 , 3 ) ∪ ( 4 , ∞ )

local maximum: ( − 3 , 60 ) , ( − 3 , 60 ) , local minimum: ( 3 , − 60 ) ( 3 , − 60 )

absolute maximum at approximately ( 7 , 150 ) , ( 7 , 150 ) , absolute minimum at approximately ( −7.5 , −220 ) ( −7.5 , −220 )

Local minimum at ( 3 , − 22 ) , ( 3 , − 22 ) , decreasing on ( − ∞ , 3 ) , ( − ∞ , 3 ) , increasing on ( 3 , ∞ ) ( 3 , ∞ )

Local minimum at ( − 2 , − 2 ) , ( − 2 , − 2 ) , decreasing on ( − 3 , − 2 ) , ( − 3 , − 2 ) , increasing on ( − 2 , ∞ ) ( − 2 , ∞ )

Local maximum at ( − 0.5 , 6 ) , ( − 0.5 , 6 ) , local minima at ( − 3.25 , − 47 ) ( − 3.25 , − 47 ) and ( 2.1 , − 32 ) , ( 2.1 , − 32 ) , decreasing on ( − ∞ , − 3.25 ) ( − ∞ , − 3.25 ) and ( − 0.5 , 2.1 ) , ( − 0.5 , 2.1 ) , increasing on ( − 3.25 , − 0.5 ) ( − 3.25 , − 0.5 ) and ( 2.1 , ∞ ) ( 2.1 , ∞ )

b = 5 b = 5

2.7 gallons per minute

approximately –0.6 milligrams per day

3.4 Section Exercises

Find the numbers that make the function in the denominator g g equal to zero, and check for any other domain restrictions on f f and g , g , such as an even-indexed root or zeros in the denominator.

Yes. Sample answer: Let f ( x ) = x + 1 and  g ( x ) = x − 1. f ( x ) = x + 1 and  g ( x ) = x − 1. Then f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( x − 1 ) = ( x − 1 ) + 1 = x f ( g ( x ) ) = f ( x − 1 ) = ( x − 1 ) + 1 = x and g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( x + 1 ) = ( x + 1 ) − 1 = x . g ( f ( x ) ) = g ( x + 1 ) = ( x + 1 ) − 1 = x . So f ∘ g = g ∘ f . f ∘ g = g ∘ f .

( f + g ) ( x ) = 2 x + 6 , ( f + g ) ( x ) = 2 x + 6 , domain: ( − ∞ , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , ∞ )

( f − g ) ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 2 x − 6 , ( f − g ) ( x ) = 2 x 2 + 2 x − 6 , domain: ( − ∞ , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , ∞ )

( f g ) ( x ) = − x 4 − 2 x 3 + 6 x 2 + 12 x , ( f g ) ( x ) = − x 4 − 2 x 3 + 6 x 2 + 12 x , domain: ( − ∞ , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , ∞ )

( f g ) ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x 6 − x 2 , ( f g ) ( x ) = x 2 + 2 x 6 − x 2 , domain: ( − ∞ , − 6 ) ∪ ( − 6 , 6 ) ∪ ( 6 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 6 ) ∪ ( − 6 , 6 ) ∪ ( 6 , ∞ )

( f + g ) ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 + 1 2 x , ( f + g ) ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 + 1 2 x , domain: ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ )

( f − g ) ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 − 1 2 x , ( f − g ) ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 − 1 2 x , domain: ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ )

( f g ) ( x ) = x + 2 , ( f g ) ( x ) = x + 2 , domain: ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ )

( f g ) ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 , ( f g ) ( x ) = 4 x 3 + 8 x 2 , domain: ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , 0 ) ∪ ( 0 , ∞ )

( f + g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 + x − 5 , ( f + g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 + x − 5 , domain: [ 5 , ∞ ) [ 5 , ∞ )

( f − g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 − x − 5 , ( f − g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 − x − 5 , domain: [ 5 , ∞ ) [ 5 , ∞ )

( f g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 x − 5 , ( f g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 x − 5 , domain: [ 5 , ∞ ) [ 5 , ∞ )

( f g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 x − 5 , ( f g ) ( x ) = 3 x 2 x − 5 , domain: ( 5 , ∞ ) ( 5 , ∞ )

• ⓑ f ( g ( x ) ) = 2 ( 3 x − 5 ) 2 + 1 f ( g ( x ) ) = 2 ( 3 x − 5 ) 2 + 1
• ⓒ f ( g ( x ) ) = 6 x 2 − 2 f ( g ( x ) ) = 6 x 2 − 2
• ⓓ ( g ∘ g ) ( x ) = 3 ( 3 x − 5 ) − 5 = 9 x − 20 ( g ∘ g ) ( x ) = 3 ( 3 x − 5 ) − 5 = 9 x − 20
• ⓔ ( f ∘ f ) ( − 2 ) = 163 ( f ∘ f ) ( − 2 ) = 163

f ( g ( x ) ) = x 2 + 3 + 2 , g ( f ( x ) ) = x + 4 x + 7 f ( g ( x ) ) = x 2 + 3 + 2 , g ( f ( x ) ) = x + 4 x + 7

f ( g ( x ) ) = x + 1 x 3 3 = x + 1 3 x , g ( f ( x ) ) = x 3 + 1 x f ( g ( x ) ) = x + 1 x 3 3 = x + 1 3 x , g ( f ( x ) ) = x 3 + 1 x

( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 2 x + 4 − 4 = x 2 , ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = 2 x − 4 ( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 2 x + 4 − 4 = x 2 , ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = 2 x − 4

f ( g ( h ( x ) ) ) = ( 1 x + 3 ) 2 + 1 f ( g ( h ( x ) ) ) = ( 1 x + 3 ) 2 + 1

• ⓐ ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = − 3 2 − 4 x ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = − 3 2 − 4 x
• ⓑ ( − ∞ , 1 2 ) ( − ∞ , 1 2 )
• ⓐ ( 0 , 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞ ) ; ( 0 , 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞ ) ;
• ⓑ ( − ∞ , − 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞ ) ; ( − ∞ , − 2 ) ∪ ( 2 , ∞ ) ;
• ⓒ ( 0 , ∞ ) ( 0 , ∞ )

( 1 , ∞ ) ( 1 , ∞ )

sample: f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = x − 5 f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = x − 5

sample: f ( x ) = 4 x g ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) 2 f ( x ) = 4 x g ( x ) = ( x + 2 ) 2

sample: f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = 1 2 x − 3 f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = 1 2 x − 3

sample: f ( x ) = x 4 g ( x ) = 3 x − 2 x + 5 f ( x ) = x 4 g ( x ) = 3 x − 2 x + 5

sample: f ( x ) = x g ( x ) = 2 x + 6 f ( x ) = x g ( x ) = 2 x + 6

sample: f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = ( x − 1 ) f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = ( x − 1 )

sample: f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = 1 x − 2 f ( x ) = x 3 g ( x ) = 1 x − 2

sample: f ( x ) = x g ( x ) = 2 x − 1 3 x + 4 f ( x ) = x g ( x ) = 2 x − 1 3 x + 4

f ( g ( 0 ) ) = 27 , g ( f ( 0 ) ) = − 94 f ( g ( 0 ) ) = 27 , g ( f ( 0 ) ) = − 94

f ( g ( 0 ) ) = 1 5 , g ( f ( 0 ) ) = 5 f ( g ( 0 ) ) = 1 5 , g ( f ( 0 ) ) = 5

18 x 2 + 60 x + 51 18 x 2 + 60 x + 51

g ∘ g ( x ) = 9 x + 20 g ∘ g ( x ) = 9 x + 20

( f ∘ g ) ( 6 ) = 6 ( f ∘ g ) ( 6 ) = 6 ; ( g ∘ f ) ( 6 ) = 6 ( g ∘ f ) ( 6 ) = 6

( f ∘ g ) ( 11 ) = 11 , ( g ∘ f ) ( 11 ) = 11 ( f ∘ g ) ( 11 ) = 11 , ( g ∘ f ) ( 11 ) = 11

A ( t ) = π ( 25 t + 2 ) 2 A ( t ) = π ( 25 t + 2 ) 2 and A ( 2 ) = π ( 25 4 ) 2 = 2500 π A ( 2 ) = π ( 25 4 ) 2 = 2500 π square inches

A ( 5 ) = π ( 2 ( 5 ) + 1 ) 2 = 121 π A ( 5 ) = π ( 2 ( 5 ) + 1 ) 2 = 121 π square units

• ⓐ N ( T ( t ) ) = 23 ( 5 t + 1.5 ) 2 − 56 ( 5 t + 1.5 ) + 1 N ( T ( t ) ) = 23 ( 5 t + 1.5 ) 2 − 56 ( 5 t + 1.5 ) + 1
• ⓑ 3.38 hours

3.5 Section Exercises

A horizontal shift results when a constant is added to or subtracted from the input. A vertical shifts results when a constant is added to or subtracted from the output.

A horizontal compression results when a constant greater than 1 is multiplied by the input. A vertical compression results when a constant between 0 and 1 is multiplied by the output.

For a function f , f , substitute ( − x ) ( − x ) for ( x ) ( x ) in f ( x ) . f ( x ) . Simplify. If the resulting function is the same as the original function, f ( − x ) = f ( x ) , f ( − x ) = f ( x ) , then the function is even. If the resulting function is the opposite of the original function, f ( − x ) = − f ( x ) , f ( − x ) = − f ( x ) , then the original function is odd. If the function is not the same or the opposite, then the function is neither odd nor even.

g ( x ) = | x - 1 | − 3 g ( x ) = | x - 1 | − 3

g ( x ) = 1 ( x + 4 ) 2 + 2 g ( x ) = 1 ( x + 4 ) 2 + 2

The graph of f ( x + 43 ) f ( x + 43 ) is a horizontal shift to the left 43 units of the graph of f . f .

The graph of f ( x - 4 ) f ( x - 4 ) is a horizontal shift to the right 4 units of the graph of f . f .

The graph of f ( x ) + 8 f ( x ) + 8 is a vertical shift up 8 units of the graph of f . f .

The graph of f ( x ) − 7 f ( x ) − 7 is a vertical shift down 7 units of the graph of f . f .

The graph of f ( x + 4 ) − 1 f ( x + 4 ) − 1 is a horizontal shift to the left 4 units and a vertical shift down 1 unit of the graph of f . f .

decreasing on ( − ∞ , − 3 ) ( − ∞ , − 3 ) and increasing on ( − 3 , ∞ ) ( − 3 , ∞ )

decreasing on ( 0 , ∞ ) ( 0 , ∞ )

g ( x ) = f ( x - 1 ) , h ( x ) = f ( x ) + 1 g ( x ) = f ( x - 1 ) , h ( x ) = f ( x ) + 1

f ( x ) = | x - 3 | − 2 f ( x ) = | x - 3 | − 2

f ( x ) = x + 3 − 1 f ( x ) = x + 3 − 1

f ( x ) = ( x - 2 ) 2 f ( x ) = ( x - 2 ) 2

f ( x ) = | x + 3 | − 2 f ( x ) = | x + 3 | − 2

f ( x ) = − x f ( x ) = − x

f ( x ) = − ( x + 1 ) 2 + 2 f ( x ) = − ( x + 1 ) 2 + 2

f ( x ) = − x + 1 f ( x ) = − x + 1

The graph of g g is a vertical reflection (across the x x -axis) of the graph of f . f .

The graph of g g is a vertical stretch by a factor of 4 of the graph of f . f .

The graph of g g is a horizontal compression by a factor of 1 5 1 5 of the graph of f . f .

The graph of g g is a horizontal stretch by a factor of 3 of the graph of f . f .

The graph of g g is a horizontal reflection across the y y -axis and a vertical stretch by a factor of 3 of the graph of f . f .

g ( x ) = | − 4 x | g ( x ) = | − 4 x |

g ( x ) = 1 3 ( x + 2 ) 2 − 3 g ( x ) = 1 3 ( x + 2 ) 2 − 3

g ( x ) = 1 2 ( x - 5 ) 2 + 1 g ( x ) = 1 2 ( x - 5 ) 2 + 1

The graph of the function f ( x ) = x 2 f ( x ) = x 2 is shifted to the left 1 unit, stretched vertically by a factor of 4, and shifted down 5 units.

The graph of f ( x ) = | x | f ( x ) = | x | is stretched vertically by a factor of 2, shifted horizontally 4 units to the right, reflected across the horizontal axis, and then shifted vertically 3 units up.

The graph of the function f ( x ) = x 3 f ( x ) = x 3 is compressed vertically by a factor of 1 2 . 1 2 .

The graph of the function is stretched horizontally by a factor of 3 and then shifted vertically downward by 3 units.

The graph of f ( x ) = x f ( x ) = x is shifted right 4 units and then reflected across the vertical line x = 4. x = 4.

3.6 Section Exercises

Isolate the absolute value term so that the equation is of the form | A | = B . | A | = B . Form one equation by setting the expression inside the absolute value symbol, A , A , equal to the expression on the other side of the equation, B . B . Form a second equation by setting A A equal to the opposite of the expression on the other side of the equation, − B . − B . Solve each equation for the variable.

The graph of the absolute value function does not cross the x x -axis, so the graph is either completely above or completely below the x x -axis.

The distance from x to 8 can be represented using the absolute value statement: ∣ x − 8 ∣ = 4.

∣ x − 10 ∣ ≥ 15

There are no x-intercepts.

(−4, 0) and (2, 0)

( 0 , − 4 ) , ( 4 , 0 ) , ( − 2 , 0 ) ( 0 , − 4 ) , ( 4 , 0 ) , ( − 2 , 0 )

( 0 , 7 ) , ( 25 , 0 ) , ( − 7 , 0 ) ( 0 , 7 ) , ( 25 , 0 ) , ( − 7 , 0 )

range: [ – 400 , 100 ] [ – 400 , 100 ]

There is no solution for a a that will keep the function from having a y y -intercept. The absolute value function always crosses the y y -intercept when x = 0. x = 0.

| p − 0.08 | ≤ 0.015 | p − 0.08 | ≤ 0.015

| x − 5.0 | ≤ 0.01 | x − 5.0 | ≤ 0.01

3.7 Section Exercises

Each output of a function must have exactly one output for the function to be one-to-one. If any horizontal line crosses the graph of a function more than once, that means that y y -values repeat and the function is not one-to-one. If no horizontal line crosses the graph of the function more than once, then no y y -values repeat and the function is one-to-one.

Yes. For example, f ( x ) = 1 x f ( x ) = 1 x is its own inverse.

Given a function y = f ( x ) , y = f ( x ) , solve for x x in terms of y . y . Interchange the x x and y . y . Solve the new equation for y . y . The expression for y y is the inverse, y = f − 1 ( x ) . y = f − 1 ( x ) .

f − 1 ( x ) = x − 3 f − 1 ( x ) = x − 3

f − 1 ( x ) = 2 − x f − 1 ( x ) = 2 − x

f − 1 ( x ) = − 2 x x − 1 f − 1 ( x ) = − 2 x x − 1

domain of f ( x ) : [ − 7 , ∞ ) ; f − 1 ( x ) = x − 7 f ( x ) : [ − 7 , ∞ ) ; f − 1 ( x ) = x − 7

domain of f ( x ) : [ 0 , ∞ ) ; f − 1 ( x ) = x + 5 f ( x ) : [ 0 , ∞ ) ; f − 1 ( x ) = x + 5

a. f ( g ( x ) ) = x f ( g ( x ) ) = x and g ( f ( x ) ) = x . g ( f ( x ) ) = x . b. This tells us that f f and g g are inverse functions

  f ( g ( x ) ) = x , g ( f ( x ) ) = x   f ( g ( x ) ) = x , g ( f ( x ) ) = x

not one-to-one

[ 2 , 10 ] [ 2 , 10 ]

f − 1 ( x ) = ( 1 + x ) 1 / 3 f − 1 ( x ) = ( 1 + x ) 1 / 3

f − 1 ( x ) = 5 9 ( x − 32 ) . f − 1 ( x ) = 5 9 ( x − 32 ) . Given the Fahrenheit temperature, x , x , this formula allows you to calculate the Celsius temperature.

t ( d ) = d 50 , t ( d ) = d 50 , t ( 180 ) = 180 50 . t ( 180 ) = 180 50 . The time for the car to travel 180 miles is 3.6 hours.

f ( − 3 ) = − 27 ; f ( − 3 ) = − 27 ; f ( 2 ) = − 2 ; f ( 2 ) = − 2 ; f ( − a ) = − 2 a 2 − 3 a ; f ( − a ) = − 2 a 2 − 3 a ; − f ( a ) = 2 a 2 − 3 a ; − f ( a ) = 2 a 2 − 3 a ; f ( a + h ) = − 2 a 2 + 3 a − 4 a h + 3 h − 2 h 2 f ( a + h ) = − 2 a 2 + 3 a − 4 a h + 3 h − 2 h 2

x = − 1.8 x = − 1.8 or or  x = 1.8 or  x = 1.8

− 64 + 80 a − 16 a 2 − 1 + a = − 16 a + 64 − 64 + 80 a − 16 a 2 − 1 + a = − 16 a + 64

( − ∞ , − 2 ) ∪ ( − 2 , 6 ) ∪ ( 6 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 2 ) ∪ ( − 2 , 6 ) ∪ ( 6 , ∞ )

increasing ( 2 , ∞ ) ; ( 2 , ∞ ) ; decreasing ( − ∞ , 2 ) ( − ∞ , 2 )

increasing ( − 3 , 1 ) ; ( − 3 , 1 ) ; constant ( − ∞ , − 3 ) ∪ ( 1 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 3 ) ∪ ( 1 , ∞ )

local minimum ( − 2 , − 3 ) ; ( − 2 , − 3 ) ; local maximum ( 1 , 3 ) ( 1 , 3 )

( − 1.8 , 10 ) ( − 1.8 , 10 )

( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 17 − 18 x ; ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = − 7 − 18 x ( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 17 − 18 x ; ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = − 7 − 18 x

( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 x + 2 ; ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = 1 x + 2 ( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 x + 2 ; ( g ∘ f ) ( x ) = 1 x + 2

( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 + x 1 + 4 x ,   x ≠ 0 ,   x ≠ − 1 4 ( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 + x 1 + 4 x ,   x ≠ 0 ,   x ≠ − 1 4

( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 x , x > 0 ( f ∘ g ) ( x ) = 1 x , x > 0

sample: g ( x ) = 2 x − 1 3 x + 4 ; f ( x ) = x g ( x ) = 2 x − 1 3 x + 4 ; f ( x ) = x

f ( x ) = | x − 3 | f ( x ) = | x − 3 |

f ( x ) = 1 2 | x + 2 | + 1 f ( x ) = 1 2 | x + 2 | + 1

f ( x ) = − 3 | x − 3 | + 3 f ( x ) = − 3 | x − 3 | + 3

f − 1 ( x ) = x - 9 10 f − 1 ( x ) = x - 9 10

f − 1 ( x ) = x - 1 f − 1 ( x ) = x - 1

The function is one-to-one.

The relation is a function.

The graph is a parabola and the graph fails the horizontal line test.

2 a 2 − a 2 a 2 − a

− 2 ( a + b ) + 1 − 2 ( a + b ) + 1

f − 1 ( x ) = x + 5 3 f − 1 ( x ) = x + 5 3

( − ∞ , − 1.1 ) and  ( 1.1 , ∞ ) ( − ∞ , − 1.1 ) and  ( 1.1 , ∞ )

( 1.1 , − 0.9 ) ( 1.1 , − 0.9 )

f ( 2 ) = 2 f ( 2 ) = 2

f ( x ) = { | x | if x ≤ 2 3 if x > 2 f ( x ) = { | x | if x ≤ 2 3 if x > 2

x = 2 x = 2

f − 1 ( x ) = − x − 11 2 f − 1 ( x ) = − x − 11 2

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• Authors: Jay Abramson
• Publisher/website: OpenStax
• Book title: Algebra and Trigonometry
• Publication date: Feb 13, 2015
• Location: Houston, Texas
• Book URL: https://openstax.org/books/algebra-and-trigonometry/pages/1-introduction-to-prerequisites
• Section URL: https://openstax.org/books/algebra-and-trigonometry/pages/chapter-3

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