Ecology Essay Ideas

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Ecology is the study of the interactions and reciprocal influence of living organisms within a specific environment. It's usually taught in the context of biology, though some high schools also offer courses in Environmental Science which includes topics in ecology.

Ecology Topics to Choose From

Topics within the field can range broadly, so your choices of topics are practically endless! The list below may help you generate your own ideas for a research paper or essay.

Research Topics

  • How are new predators introduced into an area? Where has this happened in the United States?
  • How is the ecosystem of your backyard different from the ecosystem of another person's backyard ecosystem?
  • How is a desert ecosystem different from a forest ecosystem?
  • What is the history and impact of manure?
  • How are different types of manure good or bad?
  • How has the popularity of sushi impacted the earth?
  • What trends in eating habits have impacted our environment?
  • What hosts and parasites exist in your home?
  • Pick five products from your refrigerator, including the packaging. How long would it take for the products to decay in the earth?
  • How are trees affected by acid rain?
  • How do you build an ecovillage?
  • How clean is the air in your town?
  • What is the soil from your yard made of?
  • Why are coral reefs important?
  • Explain the ecosystem of a cave. How could that system be disturbed?
  • Explain how rotting wood impacts the earth and people.
  • What ten things could you recycle in your home?
  • How is recycled paper made?
  • How much carbon dioxide is released into the air every day because of fuel consumption in cars? How could this be reduced?
  • How much paper is thrown away in your town every day? How could we use paper that is thrown away?
  • How could each family save water?
  • How does discarded motor oil affect the environment?
  • How can we increase the use of public transportation? How would that help the environment?
  • Pick an endangered species. What could make it go extinct? What could save this species from extinction?
  • What species have been discovered within the past year?
  • How could the human race become extinct? Describe a scenario.
  • How does a local factory affect the environment?
  • How do ecosystems improve water quality?

Topics for Opinion Papers

There is a great deal of controversy about topics that link ecology and public policy. If you enjoy writing papers that take a point of view , consider some of these:

  • What impact is climate change having on our local ecology?
  • Should the United States ban the use of plastics to protect delicate ecosystems?
  • Should new laws be enacted to limit the use of energy produced by fossil fuels?
  • How far should human beings go to protect ecologies where endangered species live?
  • Is there ever a time when natural ecology should be sacrificed for human needs?
  • Should scientists bring back an extinct animal? What animals would you bring back and why?
  • If scientists brought back the saber-toothed tiger, how might it impact the environment?
  • The Definition of a Marine Ecosystem
  • Cultural Ecology
  • What Is Physical Geography?
  • The National Geography Standards
  • 67 Causal Essay Topics to Consider
  • Writing a Paper about an Environmental Issue
  • Is There Any Upside to Global Warming?
  • High School Science Fair Projects
  • Endangered Species Lesson Plans
  • Elementary School Science Fair Projects
  • What Is a Research Paper?
  • How to Write a Research Paper That Earns an A
  • 10 Easy Ways to Help Protect Marine Life
  • 100 Persuasive Speech Topics for Students
  • Seven Things You Need to Know About the Ocean
  • Social Studies Warmups: Exercises to Get Students Thinking

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Trends in Ecological Research during the Last Three Decades – A Systematic Review

Yohay carmel.

1 Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel

2 Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Avi Bar-Massada

3 Department of Biology and Environment, University of Haifa at Oranim, Kiryat Tivon, Israel

4 Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel

Jonathan Liberzon

Roy federman.

Conceived and designed the experiments: YC AB LB RF. Performed the experiments: YC RK AB LB JL ON RF GS. Analyzed the data: RF YC GS. Wrote the paper: YC RK AB LB RF JL ON.

Associated Data

It is thought that the science of ecology has experienced conceptual shifts in recent decades, chiefly from viewing nature as static and balanced to a conception of constantly changing, unpredictable, complex ecosystems. Here, we ask if these changes are reflected in actual ecological research over the last 30 years. We surveyed 750 articles from the entire pool of ecological literature and 750 articles from eight leading journals. Each article was characterized according to its type, ecological domain, and applicability, and major topics. We found that, in contrast to its common image, ecology is still mostly a study of single species (70% of the studies); while ecosystem and community studies together comprise only a quarter of ecological research. Ecological science is somewhat conservative in its topics of research (about a third of all topics changed significantly through time), as well as in its basic methodologies and approaches. However, the growing proportion of problem-solving studies (from 9% in the 1980s to 20% in the 2000 s) may represent a major transition in ecological science in the long run.

Introduction

Ecologists often describe ecological science as dynamic. ‘Ecology is a science in transition’ [1] . This transition is characterized by several significant shifts in emphasis and perspective [2] . During most of the 20 th century, the majority of ecologists conceptualized ecological systems as balanced and stable, typically at equilibrium, or as returning to such equilibrium deterministically following rare disturbances [3] . In recent decades, there has been a shift towards an understanding of ecological systems as nonlinear, constantly changing, and unpredictable in time and space [4] , [5] . The concept of equilibrium was replaced by other concepts, for example, the concept of non-equilibrium change, in which the system is often described as rotating between alternative states [6] .

Ecologists are split on the question of whether the changes in ecological science represent a Kuhnian ‘paradigm shift’ [5] , [7] , [8] , [9] , or, alternatively, a gradual accumulation of modifications, better characterized as ‘evolution’ rather than ‘revolution’ [2] , [10] . In contrast, other ecologists maintained that progress in ecology is lacking [11] or limited [12] .

Here, we ask if the topics and methodologies of ecological research as reflected in the literature of the last 30 years provide evidence to support notions of dramatic shifts, or of gradual change. We characterize various aspects of ecological research, using an extensive survey of ecological literature. In particular, we ask three questions regarding general aspects of ecology, and look for possible changes in these aspects over the last 30 years:

  • Domains of ecological research : What proportion of research is devoted to the various domains in ecology (population, species, community, and ecosystem)? What are the major topics of ecological study? Has there been a change in the frequency of investigation of any of these topics and, if so, which ones?
  • Types of research : Is ecology an experimental science, or a science of observation and measurement? How often are models used in ecological research? To what degree do ecologists use meta-analysis of data from previous studies (vs. collecting new data in each research)?
  • Basic science or problem-solving oriented discipline : Is ecology becoming a problem-solving science? In other words, how often does ecology relate to actual, specific environmental problems, in an attempt to provide solutions (or at least new insights on how to make progress towards solutions)?

Preliminary expectations

A. domains of ecological research.

The concepts of ecosystem and community have become increasingly dominant in ecological thinking. In a survey conducted among members of the British Ecological Society, ecosystem was identified as the single most important concept in ecology [13] . More recently, the Ecological Visions Committee of the Ecological Society of America issued a report that listed eight critical environmental issues for prioritizing ecological research [14] . Only two of those topics related to populations and species, while five topics were clearly within the domains of ecosystems and communities . We expected an increase in research conducted at the ecosystem level, and at the community level, accompanied by a proportional decrease in studies of single species. We also expected specific topics to become more frequent subjects of ecological study (such as biodiversity, climate change, biogeochemistry, and scale).

B. Types of research

Observations and experiments are known to be the two dominant tools of ecological research . In this research, we expected to identify an increase in the frequency of models, for two reasons: (1) the ecosystem has increasingly been described as ‘complex’, and models are often the only tools available for the study of complex systems, and (2) due to the substantial increase in the availability of modelling tools during the last three decades. We also expected an increase in the proportion of meta-analysis studies, for two major reasons: (1) a growing awareness of the incapacity of single studies of specific systems, conducted under narrow ranges of conditions, to provide insights on broader ecological issues [15] , and (2) the increased access to information and data in the age of the Internet.

C. Is ecology a problem-solving science?

In the past, ecologists have been reluctant to engage in applied research [16] . Applied science was considered inferior to basic, ‘pure’ science [17] . Some applied ecological issues, such as conservation, are emotionally charged [2] , and perceived by some ecologists as ‘advocacy’ [18] . More recently, ecologists have become increasingly concerned about the implications of their work to society's problems [15] , [17] , while environmental agencies have expressed an increased demand for ecological solutions to environmental problems [19] . For these reasons, we expected to find an increase in the proportion of applied studies over the last three decades.

In order to attempt to answer these questions, a quantitative survey of ecological research is required. Surprisingly, few attempts have been made to systematically quantify trends in ecological research. Typically, these studies have used an automated count of words in titles and abstracts to assess trends in ecology [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] . Shorrocks [24] used an alternative method to survey trends in ‘the Journal of animal ecology’ –he actually sampled 13 volumes of the journal between 1932 and 1992. Here, we followed that method: we inspected a large sample of the ecological literature, classifying it according to its content. This process is time-consuming, but the resulting analysis is probably more reliable than an automated word count.

Two surveys

One major consideration was our choice of target population within the ecological literature. Two plausible alternatives existed: we could either sample the entire pool of ecological research, or sample only leading journals. There are pros and cons to each choice. Including the entire range of ecological literature may introduce research of varying quality into the analysis. On the other hand, niche journals (the vanguard of novel research) may serve as early indicators of transitions and trends. We therefore decided to conduct two parallel surveys, using identical methods. In survey 1, we included all 136 journals that concern ecology, while in survey 2 we sampled eight ‘core journals’ that were published throughout the entire study period. A brief description of the data collection approach can be found in the Prisma 2009 flow diagram and checklist.

Journal selection

For survey 1, we selected all relevant journals that appeared during at least parts of the study period 1981–2010. This pool consisted of 136 journals. From the entire collection of articles published in these journals during this period, we limited the selection to research articles in English, and received a total of 110,965 articles (see Appendix S1 for a full list of journals sampled for this survey).

For survey 2, we selected eight prominent journals, using the following criteria: (a) high-impact factor (among the top 30 ecological journals, using ISI Web of Science Impact Factor), (b) generality (cover the entire scope of ecological research), and (c) consistency (were published throughout the study period). Not a single journal satisfied all three criteria. We therefore selected eight journals belonging to three major ecological societies that issue their own journals; thus, each group, as such, satisfies all three criteria. The eight journals were those issued by the Ecological Society of America ( Ecological Applications , Ecological Monographs , and Ecology ); the British Ecological Society (Journal of Ecology, Journal of Animal Ecology, and Journal of Applied Ecology), and the Nordic Ecological Society ( Oikos and Ecography ). Ecological Applications , first published in 1991, was an offshoot of Ecology, and Ecography , first published in 1991, was an offshoot of Oikos ; we assumed that the range of topics covered by each of the pairs was similar to that of the parent journal prior to the split. The pool of all research articles published in these journals in the period 1981–2010 consisted of 22,788 articles).

For each of the two surveys, we used a random selection scheme to select 25 articles from each year, totalling 750 articles in each survey. The classification (domain, topics, research type, applied or basic science) was performed by the authors of the current study, based on the articles. In many cases, reading the abstract provided sufficient information for classifying the article. In order to ensure a high degree of consistency between the classifiers, we carried out a pilot exercise, in which the degree of agreement between the classifiers was assessed prior to the research study. A set of 29 articles was classified independently by all classifiers. Classifications were then discussed until consensus was reached for each classification. For each topic and for each classifier, the level of agreement between initial classification and final ‘consensus’ was recorded.

Article characterization

A. ecological domains.

We predefined 20 topics that describe major research fields in ecology, and grouped these 20 topics into five broad ecological domains: (1) Single Species (demography, physiology, distribution, behaviour, evolution, genetics); (2) Species Interactions (grazing, predation, mutualism, parasitism, competition); (3) Community (biodiversity, community structure); (4) Ecosystem (food web, climate change, vegetation dynamics, biomass and productivity, biogeochemistry); and (5) Other topics (scale, statistics). We limited topic-based characterization to three topics per article.

B. Type of research

We classified the type of ecological research according to four general categories: experiment, observation, model, and data analysis. An article was classified as ‘experiment’ if an actual experiment was conducted in the laboratory, or if a field study included some sort of treatment or manipulation of the natural environment. Where research included both observation and field experiment, the article was labelled ‘experiment’. ‘Observation’ was a study where the major activity was any sort of measurement of ecological phenomena. An article was labelled ‘model’ if its sole activity or the major endeavor was to construct a model. In cases where a model was only a minor part of the research, the article was labelled ‘experiment’ or ‘observation’. Articles that did not present any new data, but used data collected in previous studies, often conducting meta-analysis, were labelled ‘data analysis’. Articles that did not include any of the above types of research, but discussed ecological issues qualitatively were omitted from the survey (and a replacement was added).

C. Problem-solving

Our goal here was to determine the degree to which ecology is oriented towards problem-solving. We assigned the category of ‘application’ to all articles that either searched for solutions to problems associated with anthropogenic activities, or proposed tools for practical problems (such as practices for conservation, global change mitigation etc.).

Statistical analyses

The number of articles assigned to each ecological topic, label, and variable was recorded for each survey. The differences between surveys in terms of the frequency of each term were analyzed using Chi square test. To evaluate change in the frequency of these variables over time, we used logistic regression [25] , with publication year as a continuous variable and survey type as a fixed variable. In order to account for multiple comparisons, we applied the Bonferroni correction. Fifty comparisons (25 comparisons in each survey) yielded a threshold of p<0.001 . The Bonferroni correction becomes very conservative when the number of comparisons becomes large, as it controls the probability of false positives only, at the cost of increasing the probability of false negatives [26] . We therefore report the results using Bonferroni correction, as well as for less conservative thresholds.

Classification consistency

Classifiers' results were in good agreement with the consensus of the test articles, with an overall average agreement rate of 90%. The average accuracy of parameter classification was high in all cases, ranging from 86% for ‘topics’ and ‘problem solving’, to 93% and 94% for ‘research type’ and ‘domain’, respectively. In what follows, wherever we report two figures, the first figure refers to the ‘all journals’ survey, and the second figure refers to the ‘core journals’ survey.

Domains of ecological research

(1) Single Species was the most frequent domain of study in this survey of ecological research, with 71% (66%) of all the studies involving topics within this domain ( Table 1 ). In both surveys, the four most common topics related to this domain: demography, physiology, behaviour and distribution. Taken together, these topics appeared in 64% (63%) of all articles. Only 4% (3%) of all articles studied evolution. (2) In the Species Interactions domain, predation and competition were the frequent terms, recorded in 5–9% of the articles, while mutualism and parasitism were recorded in 2–4% of the articles. (3) Community-related topics (biodiversity and community structure) appeared in 17% of the studies in both surveys, and (4) Ecosystem-related topics appeared in nearly a quarter of the articles. Among ecosystem topics, biogeochemistry accounted for 11% (8%) of ecological research and 2% of the research concerned climate change studies ( Table 1 ).

The frequency of community studies increased significantly (nearly significantly in the ‘core journals’) during the studied period, while the other three domains remained quite constant over time ( Table 2 , Figure 1 ).

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is pone.0059813.g001.jpg

White bars denote ‘all journals’ and gray bars denote ‘core journals’. Temporal trend was significant for community studies only (a logistic model, see Table 2 ).

There were significant changes in the frequency of several topics over time. The frequency of two topics climate change and biodiversity, increased significantly with time in both surveys ( Table 2 , Figure 2 ). The frequency of three additional topics changed significantly in the ‘all journals’ survey only: physiology and behaviour decreased, while genetics increased. An increase in the frequency of scale was the single significant change that appeared in the ‘core journals’ only. Additionally, five topics revealed a nearly significant frequency change through time in that survey (p<0.05): demography , grazing , and vegetation dynamics decreased, while evolution and parasitism increased in frequency with time ( Table 2 ).

An external file that holds a picture, illustration, etc.
Object name is pone.0059813.g002.jpg

White bars denote ‘all journals’ and gray bars denote ‘core journals’. *** Temporal trend was significant (a logistic model, see Table 2 ), p<0.001. ** p<0.01. * p<0.05.

Differences between the two surveys

The results of both surveys were quite similar for 14 of the 20 topics, while significant differences between the two surveys were found for six topics: physiology , behaviour and genetics were much more frequent in the ‘all journals’ survey, while demography , grazing , and vegetation dynamics were much more frequent in the ‘core journals’ survey ( Table 1 ). Most domains appeared at similar frequencies in the two surveys, except Species Interactions, which was nearly twice as frequent in the ‘core journals’ survey compared to its frequency in the ‘all journals’ survey ( Table 1 ).

Type of research

Observations constitutes the major type of ecological research (59%, 45%), followed by experiments (28%, 36%), while models (12%, 12%) and data-analysis (9%, 6%) were less frequent ( Table 3 ).

The proportion of data-analysis studies increased significantly with time in the ‘all journals’ survey. The use of models as a primary research tool slightly decreased in ‘all journals’ and slightly increased (nearly significant) in the ‘core journals’ survey ( Table 4 ).

Observation studies were significantly more frequent in the ‘all journals’ survey, while experiments were somewhat more frequent in the ‘core journals’ survey.

Is ecology a problem-solving science?

Overall, 17% (15%) of the articles were labelled ‘problem solving’ ( Table 3 ). In both surveys, their proportion increased significantly over time, from 9% (7%) in the 1980s to 21% (21%) in the 2000 s ( Table 4 , Figure 2 ).

Few systematic surveys of ecological literature have been conducted to date, and most have been restricted to a single theme or a narrow branch of ecological science [20] , [21] , [22] , [23] . For example, [22] evaluated relations between the size of the organism and its relative representation in ecological research. Swihart [12] quantified the rates of appearance of new ecological terms and disappearance of old terms. Shorrocks [24] was perhaps the only investigator to quantify various trends in ecological science, using articles published in The Journal of Animal Ecology between 1932 and 1992. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first attempt to systematically survey the entire breadth of ecological literature, in order to quantify various characteristics of the science of ecology, as well as their temporal trends. The results suggest that ecology may be substantially less dynamic than is generally acknowledged.

Ecology is mostly a study of single species. Most of the ecological research focused on the demography, physiology and distribution of single species. The proportion of single-species studies has slightly decreased in the past three decades, but still consists of more than 60% of the studies. In comparison, community and ecosystem studies represented a minor fraction of ecological research. This surprising finding seems at odds with the strong emphasis on the community and the ecosystem as major concepts in ecology [27] , [28] . Also surprising was the scarcity of a few topics which are thought to be central in ecology. Two notable examples are evolution, and food-web, each of which appeared as a research topic in 2–4% of the articles. Most of the increase in community studies occurred in the 2000s, probably reflecting the renewed interest in this field, after the neutral theory challenged the prevalence of the niche concept.

The analysis of changes in the frequency of research topics over time provided inconclusive results. Only two topics, climate change and biodiversity, showed a significant change in both surveys. The increase in both topics probably relates to the fact that both were non-issues at the beginning of the period under study. Four other topics changed significantly, and seven other topics changed nearly significantly, in only one of the surveys. Overall, there does not seem to be a drastic transformation in the relative importance of domains and topics in the field of ecology, but the apparent change in topics and research types signifies that ecological science is not entirely stagnant.

The frequency of more than half of the topics and domains was very similar in both surveys, but nearly a third of the topics differed significantly between the surveys. Interestingly, the topics that were significantly more frequent in the ‘all journals’ survey related to the basic and static aspects of a species (genetics and physiology), and the ecosystem (biomass and productivity). In contrast, the topics that were significantly more frequent in the ‘core journals’ related to dynamic processes (demography, vegetation dynamics, and grazing).

Observation and experiment were by far the predominant tools of ecological study, together accounting for 80% of the research; these proportions did not change over time. Interestingly, modelling (∼12% of all studies), is no more common today than it was thirty years ago, despite a drastic increase in the availability of modelling tools during this period. Data-analysis became a more common research tool. Many of the studies in this category were, in fact, meta-analyses (analyses of data from several sources). The major increase in data-analysis studies was in the mid-90s, suggesting that the increased availability of information in the age of the Internet had an important role in this trend.

Comparing the two surveys in terms of type of research revealed a fundamental difference: the ratio of experiments to observations in the ‘all journals’ survey was 1:2, while in the ‘core journals’ survey it was 7:9. The prevalent consensus that ecology has changed during the 20 th century, from an observational to an experimental science, may be somewhat overstated; nevertheless, such a change appeared more prominently in the ‘core journals’ survey.

Ecological research is mostly a basic science, with only a small proportion of ‘problem solving’ studies. Yet, in both surveys we found a significant and consistent increase in the number of ‘problem solving’ articles published during the survey period. If this trend continues in future decades, it may prove to be a major shift in the orientation of ecology.

Is ecology a dynamic science?

Prominent ecologists have claimed that ecology has undergone transitions [29] , and even paradigm shifts [5] in recent decades, and is now a mature and competent science [30] . Our survey reveals that these claims perhaps overstate the case. The science of ecology appears to be changing slowly, in the sense that major research subjects and principal methodologies have not changed dramatically for at least 30 years. In particular, the popular image of ecology as a science in transition [7] , dealing chiefly with ecosystems and communities [1] seems at odds with the major proportion of single species studies reported here.

A contrasting view, put forward by O'Connor [11] , claimed that ecology lags after other life sciences, and makes very little progress. O'Conner's study ignited a debate, wherein various arguments were employed to disprove this claim [31] , [23] , or put it in a balanced perspective [12] . This debate is still ongoing, and is probably driven by emotions no less than by objective evaluations. The current study does not substantiate O'Connor's claim, and it was not meant to evaluate progress. However, it is safe to assume that a major advance in ecology would be accompanied by a major change in the frequency of domains, topics, and types of research; yet, as shown here, these have changed only moderately in the course of three decades.

A major aspect of progress in science is the rate at which basic questions in ecology are being answered [12] , which we have not evaluated, and is very difficult to evaluate quantitatively. Also, we could not detect conceptual shifts, such as network thinking, that do not connect to particular terms or topics. Swihart et al. [12] provide an interesting attempt to quantify progress based on ‘birth rate’ and ‘death rate’ of ecological terms, and claim to show viable progress in ecology. In contrast, the list of 100 fundamental questions in ecology [32] reports profound knowledge gaps regarding the central mechanisms driving ecosystems, communities, and even population dynamics.

Our approach could not, and was not meant to detect changes in particular methods and technologies applied within each research domain or topic. The availability of advanced molecular and genetic tools and the increase in computing power have allowed analyses to become more complex and sophisticated. However, the use of these new technologies and processing power does not imply enhanced knowledge or understanding. Also, such surveys may not detect conceptual shifts, such as network thinking, which do not connect to particular terms or topics.

Perhaps the single and most important change in the study of ecology is the growing proportion of ecological research directed towards problem solving. This trend by itself, if continued, may represent a major transition in ecology in the long run.

Our results may be disturbing to some researchers, insofar as they portray an ecological discipline which is considerably less dynamic than ecologists would like to believe. The value of this research is precisely in reviving the debate and presenting an opportunity for self-assessment to those who strive to advance the discipline, all of which can serve to stimulate the investigation of new and groundbreaking tools, paradigms and perspectives. Only through meta-scale monitoring of the scope of research can we understand, and hope to influence, the trajectory of ecological research in the years to come.

Supporting Information

Appendix s1.

A full list of journals sampled for survey 1.

Flow Diagram S1

Checklist s1, acknowledgments.

Curtis Flather, Mark Burgman, Leon Blaustein, Yaacov Garb, Yaron Ziv and Daniel Statman have provided valuable comments on a draft of this manuscript.

Funding Statement

This study was funded by the Israel Science Foundation (grant number 486-2010). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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50 best ecology topics for your research paper.

ecology topics

Finding the right ecology topics is not the easiest thing in the world. Because topics within the field of ecology vary widely, it may be difficult to make a choice. However, with the list of ecology topics in this article, you’ll find it easier to make a choice. These topics in ecology will help you get ecology project ideas for your ecology research, presentation, etc. So without further ado, let us explore some interesting ecology topics!

Ecology refers to the study of how ecosystems function. It refers to the relationships between living organisms and their environment. Most ecological processes occur very slowly. Sometimes, they could happen rather rapidly. Ecology remains crucial in studying ecosystems and is important for survival.

Ecology Research Paper Topics

We have some interesting ecology research topics spanning many aspects of ecology. With these ecology topics for research paper , you’ll be able to carry out meaningful research. Let’s delve into some of the ecology paper topics we have for you!

  • Novel ways to introduce new predators into an area
  • The discovery of manure and its impact on plant growth
  • The effect of acid rain on trees
  • Effective strategies to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide into the environment
  • Proven strategies to make the environment more sustainable

Evolutionary Ecology Research Topics

The following ecology topics will be sure to get you top grades in your evolutionary ecology research.

  • How maternal structures evolved functional roles to ensure the survival of offspring.
  • How invaders affect the evolution of soil fungal communities.
  • How social complexity in humans evolved.
  • How climate change affects the evolutionary change in natural and managed biodiversity.
  • Transcriptomic changes that allow the successful evolution of plant species from aquatic habitats terrestrial habitats

Human Ecology Topics

Being able to relate humans and our impact on ecology and vice versa is important. What influence do humans have on the environment? The following human ecology topics are sure to get you an A+ in that research!

  • Can people safely live in Megacities?
  • How can Ecologists effectively protect marine species that are at risk?
  • Overconsumption and its effect on the environment
  • Physiological ecology and its importance to us
  • An exhaustive description of the agrarianism philosophy
  • Fast food and possible problems it poses to the environment.
  • Human macroevolution and the future
  • Similarities between Cultural and Genetic Evolution

Ecology Research Project Ideas

Ideas rule the world. However, ideas are not easy to come by. Do you have to come up with an interesting ecology project but have hit the wall? Are you short on ideas? Well, we’ve got some ecology research project ideas and topics that you can explore.

Are you in college and need an ecology project idea? It is no news that college professors require students to have more in-depth information on various subjects. If you want to wow your college professors, then these ideas for ecology project will let you stand out! The listed ideas contain some ecology project ideas for college students. Come, and let’s explore some worthwhile ecology project topics for you!

  • An analysis of the effect of climate change on plant species
  • Green roofs: The working design and why they should be in use
  • Exploring the benefits of natural green effects
  • Mirroring the environment: freeing the environment from toxins
  • How to completely adopt renewable sources of energy.
  • The Principle of competitive exclusion and advantages
  • Novel methods of recycling waste paper more effectively
  • Analyzing the effectiveness of various weed killers

Environment and Ecology Research

Carrying out environment and ecology research is not the easiest research area. However, researching environment-related concepts could be very rewarding. Environmental and ecology research covers areas such as biodiversity, biogeography, ecosystem ecology, wildlife management, and so on.

Here are some interesting topics for ecology papers that will help you in your environmental ecology research. Feel free to discover more environment topics .

  • Climate change and the migration of Polar Bears
  • A look into the major changes in the ecosystem
  • Wind energy: How the environment can help in energy conservation.
  • Analyzing the growth or decline of farming in the last five years
  • Analyzing the impact of fracking on the environment
  • The best methods for measuring worldwide climate change.
  • Are human damages to the environment irreversible?

Ecology Issues

More than ever, the ecosystem is beginning to feel the impact of humans. Most of the activities and actions of humans have negative effects on the environment. These effects are growing every day and becoming increasingly undeniable. We are endangering the lives of future generations of all species!

Many people are still unaware of how their activities bring about negative changes to the ecosystem. Although terms such as “genetic modification” and “climate change” seem commonplace, many cannot connect the dots to see why they actually matter.

Would you like to shed some more light on pressing issues in ecology? Well, we shall provide you with a list of ecological problems you can start with! Here, we shall examine some of the biggest environmental problems we face on our planet today. Explore these ecology issues now!

  • Climate change and the availability of natural resources
  • Presence of reactive nitrogen in the environment
  • Air pollution and its effect on the ecosystem
  • Polluted freshwater ecosystems
  • Conservation of forests

Ecology Experiment Ideas

When you have a solid idea for an experiment, it becomes more fun than ever! Here are some ecology lab ideas that are not only interesting but also practical!

  • Exploring the effects of acid rain on aquatic life
  • How can plants help to measure tap water quality?
  • Hydrogen peroxide and plant roots: the effect
  • Common invasive plants and why they are ubiquitous
  • Effect of fertilizers on the aquatic environment
  • Novel ways to neutralize hazardous waste in the environment

Ecology Topics for Presentation

Are you confused on what to talk about in your next ecology presentation in a group or class? Well, you don’t have to worry anymore! Here are some of the best ecology topics for presentations!

  • How do species survive the harshest of conditions?
  • Why do we have salt marshes?
  • Dead zones in seas: the causes
  • Why human exploration is having negative impacts on the environment
  • Which species is the most successful?
  • Latest technologies to make hazardous waste harmless

We have provided you with 50 well-researched ecology topics and ideas for your ecology research, project, presentation, experiments, and lots more. Use these topics to get that much-needed A+. Our academic writers are always happy to help you. Never forget to do something remarkable always!

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Northward expansion trends and future potential distribution of a dragonfly Ischnura senegalensis Rambur under climate change using citizen science data in South Korea

Citizen science is becoming a mainstream approach of baseline data collection to monitor biodiversity and climate change. Dragonflies (Odonata) have been ranked as the highest priority group in biodiversity mo...

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Morphological variables restrict flower choice of Lycaenid butterfly species: implication for pollination and conservation

Butterflies make an important part for plant-pollinator guild. These are nectar feeder or occasionally pollen feeder and thus proboscis of the butterfly species are considered as one of the most important vari...

Honey bees and their brood: a potentially valuable resource of food, worthy of greater appreciation and scientific attention

Despite the consumption of bee brood in several parts of the world, particularly in the tropical areas, the practice has received comparatively little attention. We have reviewed all the available information ...

Attributes and references to honey bees (Insecta; Hymenoptera; Apidae) and their products in some Asian and Australian societies’ folkloristic domains

References to insects in myths, stories, and idioms can be found in almost any culture, but with regard to references involving honey bee species in the Asia-Australian region, little information is available....

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Major environmental factors and traits of invasive alien plants determining their spatial distribution

As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent and no longer a special problem. Anthropogenic activities and climate changes have made the distribution of...

Spatial distribution of halophytes and environment factors in salt marshes along the eastern Yellow Sea

Salt marshes provide a variety of ecosystem services; however, they are vulnerable to human activity, water level fluctuations, and climate change. Analyses of the relationships between plant communities and e...

PollMap: a software for crop pollination mapping in agricultural landscapes

Ecosystem service mapping is an important tool for decision-making in landscape planning and natural resource management. Today, pollination service mapping is based on the Lonsdorf model (InVEST software) tha...

Current status of alert alien species management for the establishment of proactive management systems in Korea

Some of the introduced alien species introduced settle, multiply, and spread to become invasive alien species (IAS) that threaten biodiversity. To prevent this, Korea and other countries legally designate and ...

Dust and sandstorm: ecosystem perspectives on dryland hazards in Northeast Asia: a review

A review of the literature was carried out to study dust and sandstorm (DSS) in terms of its ecosystem processes and relationship to other dryland disasters in Northeast Asia. Drylands are ecosystems that incl...

Changes in nocturnal insect communities in forest-dominated landscape relevant to artificial light intensity

Artificial light at night has recently been identified as a major factor adversely affecting global insect diversity. Here, we compared the insect diversity in Gwangneung Forest Biosphere Reserve, specifically...

Occurrence and diet analysis of sea turtles in Korean shore

Sea turtles, which are globally endangered species, have been stranded and found as bycatch on the Korean shore recently. More studies on sea turtles in Korea are necessary to aid their conservation. To invest...

Quantifying how urban landscape heterogeneity affects land surface temperature at multiple scales

Landscape metrics have been widely applied to quantifying the relationship between land surface temperature and urban spatial patterns and have received acceptable verification from landscape ecologists but so...

The relationship of mean temperature and 9 collected butterfly species’ wingspan as the response of global warming

Organism body size is a basic characteristic in ecology; it is related to temperature according to temperature-size rule. Butterflies are affected in various aspects by climate change because they are sensitiv...

Non-deep physiological dormancy in seeds of Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss. native to Korea

Euphorbia jolkinii Boiss. is a perennial species native to Jeju Island and the southern coastal area of Korea. Particularly on Jeju Island, the yellow flowers of E. jolkinii Boiss. have a high ornamental value be...

Predation of the Japanese keelback ( Hebius vibakari Boie, 1826) by the Slender racer ( Orientocoluber spinalis Peters, 1866)

The Slender racer ( Orientocoluber spinalis Peters, 1866) has recently been reclassified to the new genus Orientocoluber from Hierophis . Ecological knowledge of this species is limited due to its highly mobile beh...

Major environmental factors and traits of invasive alien plants determine their spatial distribution: a case study in Korea

As trade increases, the influx of various alien species and their spread to new regions are prevalent, making them a general problem globally. Anthropogenic activities and climate change have led to alien spec...

Distribution and habitat use of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans (Rodentia: Sciuridae)

Understanding the habitat characteristics of the endangered Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans is the first step in conserving and managing the forests it requires for nesting, gliding, and feeding. Therefo...

How effective are artificial nests in attracting bees? A review

Recent declines in bee populations, along with increasing demand for pollination services in urban, agricultural, and natural environments, have led to strategies to attract wild bees to these areas. One of th...

Tissue-specific systemic responses of the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata against stem-boring herbivore attack

Plants are able to optimize defense responses induced by various herbivores, which have different feeding strategies. Local and systemic responses within a plant after herbivory are essential to modulate herbi...

Estimating potential range shift of some wild bees in response to climate change scenarios in northwestern regions of Iran

Climate change is occurring rapidly around the world, and is predicted to have a large impact on biodiversity. Various studies have shown that climate change can alter the geographical distribution of wild bee...

Trends in the effects of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems in the Republic of Korea

In this review, we aimed to synthesize the current knowledge on the observed and projected effects of climate change on the ecosystems of Korea (i.e., the Republic of Korea (ROK) or South Korea), as well as th...

Principle of restoration ecology reflected in the process creating the National Institute of Ecology

The creation of the National Institute of Ecology began as a national alternative project to preserve mudflats instead of constructing the industrial complexes by reclamation, and achieve regional development....

Small-scale spatial genetic structure of Asarum sieboldii metapopulation in a valley

Asarum sieboldii Miq., a species of forest understory vegetation, is an herbaceous perennial belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. The metapopulation of A. sieboldii is distributed sparsely and has a short se...

Diel and seasonal activity pattern of alien sika deer with sympatric mammalian species from Muljangori-oreum wetland of Hallasan National Park, South Korea

Sika deer, Cervus nippon , were originally introduced to South Korea from Japan and Taiwan for commercial farming purposes. Unfortunately, they were released into the wild during religious events and have since be...

Effects of different day length and wind conditions to the seedling growth performance of Phragmites australis

To understand shade and wind effects on seedling traits of common reed ( Phragmites australis ), we conducted a mesocosm experiment manipulating day length (10 h daytime a day as open canopy conditions or 6 h dayti...

Categorized wetland preference and life forms of the vascular plants in the Korean Peninsula

In 2020, a categorized list of wetland preferences, major habitats, and life forms of 4145 vascular plant taxa occurring in the Korean Peninsula was published by the National Institute of Biological Resources....

Elevational distribution ranges of vascular plant species in the Baekdudaegan mountain range, South Korea

The climate is changing rapidly, and this may pose a major threat to global biodiversity. One of the most distinctive consequences of climate change is the poleward and/or upward shift of species distribution ...

Study on the photosynthetic characteristics of Eutrema japonica (Siebold) Koidz. under the pulsed LEDs for simulated sunflecks

The sunfleck is an important light environmental factor for plants that live under the shade of trees. Currently, the smartfarm has a system that can artificially create these sunfleks. Therefore, it was inten...

Influence of trees and associated variables on soil organic carbon: a review

The level of soil organic carbon (SOC) fluctuates in different types of forest stands: this variation can be attributed to differences in tree species, and the variables associated with soil, climate, and topo...

Comparison of ecophysiological and leaf anatomical traits of native and invasive plant species

To address the lack of evidence supporting invasion by three invasive plant species ( Imperata cylindrica, Lantana camara, and Chromolaena odorata ) in tropical ecosystems, we compared the ecophysiological and leaf...

Effects of soil water content and light intensity on the growth of Molinia japonica in montane wetlands in South Korea

Montane wetlands are unique wetland ecosystems with distinct physicochemical characteristics, and Molinia japonica often makes dominant communities in montane wetlands in South Korea. In order to figure out the e...

First detection of ranavirus in a wild population of Dybowski’s brown frog ( Rana dybowskii ) in South Korea

Ranavirus is an emerging infectious disease which has been linked to mass mortality events in various amphibian species. In this study, we document the first mass mortality event of an adult population of Dybo...

Cushion plant Silene acaulis is a pioneer species at abandoned coal piles in the High Arctic, Svalbard

Abandoned coal piles after the closure of mines have a potential negative influence on the environment, such as soil acidification and heavy metal contamination. Therefore, revegetation by efficient species is...

Vegetation structure and distribution characteristics of Symplocos prunifolia , a rare evergreen broad-leaved tree in Korea

In Korea, Symplocos prunifolia Siebold. & Zucc. is only found on Jeju Island. Conservation of the species is difficult because little is known about its distribution and natural habitat. The lack of research and ...

Growth performance of planted population of Pinus roxburghii in central Nepal

Climate change has altered the various ecosystem processes including forest ecosystem in Himalayan region. Although the high mountain natural forests including treelines in the Himalayan region are mainly repo...

Correction to: Application of smart mosquito monitoring traps for the mosquito forecast systems by Seoul Metropolitan city

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

The original article was published in Journal of Ecology and Environment 2020 44 :13

Correction to: Effect of precipitation on soil respiration in a temperate broad-leaved forest

The original article was published in Journal of Ecology and Environment 2018 42 :10

Effects of cutting and sowing seeds of native species on giant ragweed invasion and plant diversity in a field experiment

Ambrosia trifida is a highly invasive annual plant, but effective control methods have not been proposed. Among various eradication methods, cutting is a simple measure to control invasive plants, and sowing seed...

Mid-term (2009-2019) demographic dynamics of young beech forest in Albongbunji Basin, Ulleungdo, South Korea

The stem exclusion stage is a stage of forest development that is important for understanding the subsequent understory reinitiation stage and maturation stage during which horizontal heterogeneity is formed. ...

Annual and spatial variabilities in the acorn production of Quercus mongolica

Genus Quercus is a successful group that has occupied the largest area of forest around the world including South Korea. The acorns are an important food source for both wild animals and humans. Although the repr...

Prevalence of Puccinia abrupta var. partheniicola and its impact on Parthenium hysterophorus in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious invasive weed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Nepal. Among 11 species of biological control agents released to control P. hysterophorus in Ausrtal...

Ecological impact of fast industrialization inferred from a sediment core in Seocheon, West Coast of Korean Peninsula

Rapid industrialization has caused various impacts on nature, including heavy metal pollution. However, the impacts of industrialization vary depending on the types of industrializing activity and surrounding ...

Influence of roadkill during breeding migration on the sex ratio of land crab ( Sesarma haematoche )

Adult land crabs generally live on land while their larvae live in the sea. In the case of Sesarma haematoche , female crabs migrate from land to sea to release the larvae at the high tide of syzygy night. Artific...

Population structure and regeneration of Himalayan endemic Larix species in three high-altitude valleys in Nepal Himalaya

The Himalayan forests are of great importance to sustain the nature and community resource demands. These forests are facing pressures both from anthropogenic activities and ongoing global climatic changes. Po...

Otolith microchemistry reveals the migration patterns of the flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus (Pisces: Mugilidae) in Korean waters

The flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus has the widest distribution among mugilid species. Recent studies based on mitochondrial DNA sequences showed that the species comprises at least 14 different groups, three...

Population size, group and age structure of geladas ( Theropithecus gelada ) in escarpments of Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia: implication for conservation

Geladas ( Theropithecus gelada ), endemic to Ethiopia, are distributed closely related to the escarpments and gorge systems of the country, and large populations are found in the Simien Mountain National Park. This...

Coexistence of plant species under harsh environmental conditions: an evaluation of niche differentiation and stochasticity along salt marsh creeks

Ecologists have achieved much progress in the study of mechanisms that maintain species coexistence and diversity. In this paper, we reviewed a wide range of past research related to these topics, focusing on ...

Re-emergence of the Glossy Ibis ( Plegadis falcinellus ) in inland South Korea

Glossy Ibis ( Plegadis falcinellus ), which has never been recorded in South Korea, appeared on Jeju Island in 2018 and re-emerged in the inland area of Seocheon-gun (South Chungcheong Province) and in Goyang-si (G...

Diet composition of the Korean wild boar Sus scrofa coreanus (Suidae) at Mt. Jeombongsan, Korea

Korean wild boars ( Sus scrofa coreanus Heude), because of their adaptability, are a widespread large mammal; however, they sometimes cause problems by invading farms and eating the crops, creating insufficiencies...

Review on the succession process of Pinus densiflora forests in South Korea: progressive and disturbance-driven succession

Most of the Pinus densiflora forests, occupying the largest area, have been restored in South Korea since the 1970s. As young pioneer forests, the succession process is under way. Since the forests are distribute...

Journal of Ecology and Environment

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M M Seeley et al 2024 Environ. Res.: Ecology 3 011001

Vegetation species mapping using airborne imaging spectroscopy yields accurate results and is important for advancing conservation objectives and biogeographic studies. As these data become more readily available owing to the upcoming launch of spaceborne imaging spectrometers, it is necessary to understand how these data can be used to consistently classify species across large geographic scales. However, few studies have attempted to map species across multiple ecosystems; therefore, little is known regarding the effect of intra-specific variation on the mapping of a single species across a wide range of environments and among varying backgrounds of other non-target species. To explore this effect, we developed and tested species classification models for Metrosideros polymorpha , a highly polymorphic canopy species endemic to Hawai'i, which is found in a diverse array of ecosystems. We compared the accuracies of support vector machine (SVM) and random forest models trained on canopy reflectance data from each of eight distinct ecosystems (ecosystem-specific) and a universal model trained on data from all ecosystems. When applied to ecosystem-specific test datasets, the ecosystem-specific models outperformed the universal model; however, the universal model retained high (>81%) accuracies across all ecosystems. Additionally, we found that models from ecosystems with broad variation in M. polymorpha canopy traits, as estimated using chemometric equations applied to canopy spectra, accurately predicted M. polymorpha in other ecosystems. While species classifications across ecosystems can yield accurate results, these results will require sampling procedures that capture the intra-specific variation of the target species.

C R Hakkenberg et al 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 035005

Biodiversity-structure relationships (BSRs), which describe the correlation between biodiversity and three-dimensional forest structure, have been used to map spatial patterns in biodiversity based on forest structural attributes derived from lidar. However, with the advent of spaceborne lidar like the Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI), investigators are confronted with how to predict biodiversity from discrete GEDI footprints, sampled discontinuously across the Earth surface and often spatially offset from where diversity was measured in the field. In this study, we used National Ecological Observation Network data in a hierarchical modeling framework to assess how spatially-coincident BSRs (where field-observed taxonomic diversity measurements and structural data from airborne lidar coincide at a single plot) compare with BSRs based on statistical aggregates of proximate, but spatially-dispersed GEDI samples of structure. Despite substantial ecoregional variation, results confirm cross-biome consistency in the relationship between plant/tree alpha diversity and spatially-coincident lidar data, including structural data from outside the field plot where diversity was measured. Moreover, we found that generalized forest structural profiles derived from GEDI footprint aggregates were consistently related to tree alpha diversity, as well as cross-biome patterns in beta and gamma diversity. These findings suggest that characteristic forest structural profiles generated from aggregated GEDI footprints are effective for BSR diversity prediction without incorporation of more standard predictors of biodiversity like climate, topography, or optical reflectance. Cross-scale comparisons between airborne- and GEDI-derived structural profiles provide guidance for balancing scale-dependent trade-offs between spatial proximity and sample size for BSR-based prediction with GEDI gridded products. This study fills a critical gap in our understanding of how generalized forest structural attributes can be used to infer specific field-observed biodiversity patterns, including those not directly observable from remote sensing instruments. Moreover, it bolsters the empirical basis for global-scale biodiversity prediction with GEDI spaceborne lidar.

Morgan S Tassone et al 2024 Environ. Res.: Ecology 3 015003

The direction and magnitude of tundra vegetation productivity trends inferred from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) have exhibited spatiotemporal heterogeneity over recent decades. This study examined the spatial and temporal drivers of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Max NDVI (a proxy for peak growing season aboveground biomass) and time-integrated (TI)-NDVI (a proxy for total growing season productivity) on the Yamal Peninsula, Siberia, Russia between 2001 and 2018. A suite of remotely-sensed environmental drivers and machine learning methods were employed to analyze this region with varying climatological conditions, landscapes, and vegetation communities to provide insight into the heterogeneity observed across the Arctic. Summer warmth index, the timing of snowmelt, and physiognomic vegetation unit best explained the spatial distribution of Max and TI-NDVI on the Yamal Peninsula, with the highest mean Max and TI-NDVI occurring where summer temperatures were higher, snowmelt occurred earlier, and erect shrub and wetland vegetation communities were dominant. Max and TI-NDVI temporal trends were positive across the majority of the Peninsula (57.4% [5.0% significant] and 97.6% [13.9% significant], respectively) between 2001 and 2018. Max and TI-NDVI trends had variable relationships with environmental drivers and were primarily influenced by coastal-inland gradients in summer warmth and soil moisture. Both Max and TI-NDVI were negatively impacted by human modification, highlighting how human disturbances are becoming an increasingly important driver of Arctic vegetation dynamics. These findings provide insight into the potential future of Arctic regions experiencing warming, moisture regime shifts, and human modification, and demonstrate the usefulness of considering multiple NDVI metrics to disentangle the effects of individual drivers across heterogeneous landscapes. Further, the spatial heterogeneity in the direction and magnitude of interannual covariation between Max NDVI, TI-NDVI, and climatic drivers highlights the difficulty in generalizing the effects of individual drivers on Arctic vegetation productivity across large regions.

Christopher E Doughty et al 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 035002

The stratified nature of tropical forest structure had been noted by early explorers, but until recent use of satellite-based LiDAR (GEDI, or Global Ecosystems Dynamics Investigation LiDAR), it was not possible to quantify stratification across all tropical forests. Understanding stratification is important because by some estimates, a majority of the world's species inhabit tropical forest canopies. Stratification can modify vertical microenvironment, and thus can affect a species' susceptibility to anthropogenic climate change. Here we find that, based on analyzing each GEDI 25 m diameter footprint in tropical forests (after screening for human impact), most footprints (60%–90%) do not have multiple layers of vegetation. The most common forest structure has a minimum plant area index (PAI) at ∼40 m followed by an increase in PAI until ∼15 m followed by a decline in PAI to the ground layer (described hereafter as a one peak footprint). There are large geographic patterns to forest structure within the Amazon basin (ranging between 60% and 90% one peak) and between the Amazon (79 ± 9% sd) and SE Asia or Africa (72 ± 14% v 73 ± 11%). The number of canopy layers is significantly correlated with tree height ( r 2 = 0.12) and forest biomass ( r 2 = 0.14). Environmental variables such as maximum temperature ( T max ) ( r 2 = 0.05), vapor pressure deficit (VPD) ( r 2 = 0.03) and soil fertility proxies (e.g. total cation exchange capacity − r 2 = 0.01) were also statistically significant but less strongly correlated given the complex and heterogeneous local structural to regional climatic interactions. Certain boundaries, like the Pebas Formation and Ecoregions, clearly delineate continental scale structural changes. More broadly, deviation from more ideal conditions (e.g. lower fertility or higher temperatures) leads to shorter, less stratified forests with lower biomass.

Manette E Sandor et al 2024 Environ. Res.: Ecology 3 015002

How species richness scales spatially is a foundational concept of community ecology, but how biotic interactions scale spatially is poorly known. Previous studies have proposed interactions-area relationships (IARs) based on two competing relationships for how the number of interactions scale with the number of species, the 'link-species scaling law' and the 'constant connectance hypothesis.' The link-species scaling law posits that the number of interactions per species remains constant as the size of the network increases. The constant connectance hypothesis says that the proportion of realized interactions remains constant with network size. While few tests of these IARs exist, evidence for the original interactions-species relationships are mixed. We propose a novel IAR and test it against the two existing IARs. We first present a general theory for how interactions scale spatially and the mathematical relationship between the IAR and the species richness-area curve. We then provide a new mathematical formulation of the IAR, accounting for connectance varying with area. Employing data from three mutualistic networks (i.e. a network which specifies interconnected and mutually-beneficial interactions between two groups of species), we evaluate three competing models of how interactions scale spatially: two previously published IAR models and our proposed IAR. We find the new IAR described by our theory-based equation fits the empirical datasets equally as well as the previously proposed IAR based on the link-species scaling law in one out of three cases and better than the previously-proposed models in two out of three cases. Our novel IAR improves upon previous models and quantifies mutualist interactions across space, which is paramount to understanding biodiversity and preventing its loss.

Yayoi Takeuchi et al 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 035003

The complex stratification of tropical forests is a key feature that directly contributes to high aboveground biomass (AGB) and species diversity. This study aimed to explore the vertical patterns of AGB and tree species diversity in the tropical forest of Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia. To achieve this goal, we used a combination of field surveys and drone technology to gather data on species diversity, tree height ( H ), and tree diameter at breast height ( D ). As all trees in the 6 ha plot were tagged and identified, we used the data to classify the taxonomy and calculate species diversity indices. We used unmanned aerial vehicle-based structure-from-motion photogrammetry to develop a Digital Canopy Height Model to accurately estimate H . The collected data and previous datasets were then used to develop Bayesian height–diameter (HD) models that incorporate taxonomic effects into conventional allometric and statistical models. The best models were selected based on their performance in cross-validation and then used to estimate AGB per tree and the total AGB in the plot. Results showed that taxonomic effects at the family and genus level improved the HD models and consequent AGB estimates. The AGB was the highest in the higher layers of the forest, and AGB was largely contributed by larger trees, especially specific families such as Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Fabaceae. In contrast, species diversity was the highest in the lower layers, whereas functional diversity was the highest in the middle layers. These contrasting patterns of AGB and species diversity indicate different roles of forest stratification and layer-specific mechanisms in maintaining species diversity. This study highlights the importance of considering taxonomic effects when estimating AGB and species diversity in tropical forests. These findings underscore the need for a more comprehensive understanding of the complex stratification of tropical forests and its impact on the forest ecosystem.

Louise Mercer et al 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 045001

Community-based monitoring (CBM) is increasingly cited as a means of collecting valuable baseline data that can contribute to our understanding of environmental change whilst supporting Indigenous governance and self-determination in research. However, current environmental CBM models have specific limitations that impact program effectiveness and the progression of research stages beyond data collection. Here, we highlight key aspects that limit the progression of Arctic CBM programs which include funding constraints, organisational structures, and operational processes. Exemplars from collaborative environmental research conducted in the acutely climate change impacted Hamlet of Tuktoyaktuk, Inuvialuit Settlement Region (ISR), Canada, are used to identify co-developed solutions to address these challenges. These learnings from experience-based collaborations feed into a new solution-orientated model of environmental community-based research (CBR) that emphasises continuity between and community ownership in all research stages to enable a more complete research workflow. Clear recommendations are provided to develop a more coherent approach to achieving this model, which can be adapted to guide the development of successful environmental CBR programs in different research and place-based contexts.

Yu Nan et al 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 015003

The modern economic growth paradigm relies heavily on natural endowments. Renewable energy as a permanent energy source has the potential to reduce the ecological footprint (EF). We adopt the Vector Autoregressive model to examine the impact of renewable energy consumption on the energy EF and use the quantile regression method to test the heterogeneity and asymmetry between energy EF and photovoltaic, wind energy, and biomass energy. The results show that renewable energy has a long-term negative impact on the EF, and for every 1% increase in renewable energy consumption, the energy EF will decrease by 2.91%. The contribution of renewable energy consumption to reducing the EF is 1.34% on average. There is no two-way Granger causality between renewable energy consumption and energy EF. The reduction effect of wind energy consumption on the energy EF varies the most, followed by biomass energy and photovoltaic. In addition, under different energy EF distribution conditions, the impact of photovoltaic or wind energy or biomass energy consumption on the energy EF is different.

K Best et al 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 045003

Significant uncertainties persist concerning how Arctic soil tundra carbon emission responds to environmental changes. In this study, 24 cores were sampled from drier (high centre polygons and rims) and wetter (low centre polygons and troughs) permafrost tundra ecosystems. We examined how soil CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes responded to laboratory-based manipulations of soil temperature (and associated thaw depth) and water table depth, representing current and projected conditions in the Arctic. Similar soil CO 2 respiration rates occurred in both the drier and the wetter sites, suggesting that a significant proportion of soil CO 2 emission occurs via anaerobic respiration under water-saturated conditions in these Arctic tundra ecosystems. In the absence of vegetation, soil CO 2 respiration rates decreased sharply within the first 7 weeks of the experiment, while CH 4 emissions remained stable for the entire 26 weeks of the experiment. These patterns suggest that soil CO 2 emission is more related to plant input than CH 4 production and emission. The stable and substantial CH 4 emission observed over the entire course of the experiment suggests that temperature limitations, rather than labile carbon limitations, play a predominant role in CH 4 production in deeper soil layers. This is likely due to the presence of a substantial source of labile carbon in these carbon-rich soils. The small soil temperature difference (a median difference of 1 °C) and a more substantial thaw depth difference (a median difference of 6 cm) between the high and low temperature treatments resulted in a non-significant difference between soil CO 2 and CH 4 emissions. Although hydrology continued to be the primary factor influencing CH 4 emissions, these emissions remained low in the drier ecosystem, even with a water table at the surface. This result suggests the potential absence of a methanogenic microbial community in high-centre polygon and rim ecosystems. Overall, our results suggest that the temperature increases reported for these Arctic regions are not responsible for increases in carbon losses. Instead, it is the changes in hydrology that exert significant control over soil CO 2 and CH 4 emissions.

A Finger et al 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 015001

Plant species around the world are negatively affected by habitat fragmentation and climate change. Montane willow populations in the UK have declined primarily due to grazing, as well as climate change and muirburn in certain areas. Only small, isolated populations remain, scattered across steep ledges where shrubs escape most grazing animals. We explored the genetic effects of habitat fragmentation on gene flow and genetic diversity in the largest remaining patches in the UK, which lie in Scotland, for two now restricted and rare montane willow species— Salix myrsinites and Salix lapponum . Using ten microsatellite loci and an almost complete genetic inventory in the central Cairngorms area ( S. myrsinites n = 186, S. lapponum n = 91) we showed that genetic diversity (heterozygosity and allelic richness) is relatively high in both species, particularly high for the decaploid S. myrsinites , and clonal reproduction low. Historic gene flow between populations could be demonstrated. Significant inbreeding was detected in both species and observed seed set and numbers of juveniles in the field are low, possibly indicating signs of inbreeding depression. Both species have extremely low numbers of individuals at each site, with many being smaller than ten, and in some cases combined with skewed sex-ratios (mainly female biased). This will likely cause more severe reproductive failures in the next generations unless population numbers are increased. Reinforcing populations of both species under low grazing pressure with new, unrelated individuals, as well as creating new stepping-stone populations will be necessary to help the recovery of these species. Results from this study will inform restoration work in Scotland aiming to create continuous woodland habitats from pinewoods at lower altitudes through to higher altitude downy birch woodlands merging with montane willows.

Latest articles

Ezrah Natumanya et al 2024 Environ. Res.: Ecology 3 015001

Riparian vegetation usually gets less focus in biodiversity assessments and yet species diversity is important knowledge when applying patch specific conservation value in the Niassa Special Reserve (NSR). This study assessed the composition and conservation status of riparian species in an exposed river basin downstream location. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of sites and respondents to maximize data collection. The study found 19 species belonging to 15 families with 52.63% of them having a frequency of ⩾50% in sampling plots. There were 10 species that are endemic to the sub-Sharan Africa Region. Fabaceae was the dominant family with 5 species. The species with the highest population was Flacourtia indica (Burm. f.) Merr. Species richness ranged from 0.35 to 0.98 with a mean of 0.66 ± 0.22. The IVI ranged from 34.70 ( F. indica (Burm. f.) Merr) to 4.43 ( Tribulus cistoides L.) with a mean of 15.79 ± 7.79. Threats of species loss and ecosystem disturbance were agriculture, infrastructure development and plant harvests. There was a reported decline in species availability over the previous 10 years by 18.7% of the respondents. The results added to existing studies and records of vegetation species of conservation value in areas exposed to loss in the NSR. This study advances research on vegetation range dynamics in the NSR and presents a need to mitigate human land use impacts on riparian vegetation species composition.

Edgar J Lozada-Gómez and Omar Pérez-Reyes 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 045004

Most freshwater habitats have been substantially affected by anthropogenic factors such as fish introductions, plastic pollution, and river regulation. Urban rivers are highly vulnerable to impacts associated with land use changes resulting from increasing urbanization, including altering habitat and establishing aquatic biological communities in these areas. In turn, the introduction of exotic species into sensitive and threatened ecosystems such as tropical urban streams and their rapid establishment, such as Pterygoplichthys multiradiatus , was used as an ecological model to determine the relative population size of the species. Also, the species was used to evaluate the presence of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of fish in rivers with different land use history. Our results showed significant differences in pleco abundance between areas with high and low urban (LU) development in the watersheds. The study demonstrated that abiotic environmental factors directly influence the relative abundance of plecos at the range and watershed scales. In a total of 42 fish examined, only 85.7% showed MPs retained in the GIT, with fibers and fragments being the most common. A total of 22 pieces of microplastic were identified with Nile Red staining by slide analysis. A significant difference was found between the abundance of microplastic ingested per total fish length between streams with high and LU development reaches. Therefore, in relatively small amounts, microplastic ingestion appears to be common in P. multiradiatus species, regardless of the habitat in which they are found and the diet present.

Review articles

Davide Vione 2023 Environ. Res.: Ecology 2 012001

Reactions induced by sunlight (direct photolysis and indirect photochemistry) are important ecosystem services that aid freshwater bodies in removing contaminants, although they may also exacerbate pollution in some cases. Without photoinduced reactions, pollution problems would be considerably worse overall. The photochemical reaction rates depend on seasonality, depth, water chemistry (which also significantly affects the reaction pathways), and pollutant photoreactivity. Photochemical reactions are also deeply impacted by less studied factors, including hydrology, water dynamics, and precipitation regimes, which are key to understanding the main impacts of climate change on surface-water photochemistry. Climate change is expected in many cases to both exacerbate freshwater pollution, and enhance photochemical decontamination. Therefore, photochemical knowledge will be essential to understand the future evolution of freshwater environments.

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  • 2022-present Environmental Research: Ecology doi: 10.1088/issn.2752-664X Online ISSN: 2752-664X
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100 Interesting Ecology Topics For a Research Paper

ecology topics

Choosing the right ecology topics provides a chance for students to get the top grades. Ecology is one of the fields that have captured the attention of many people today. That’s because almost everybody is interested in environmental conservation today. Nevertheless, choosing a topic for ecology research is not easy. Essentially, learners should choose interesting topics that they can comfortably research and write about.

Perhaps, a great way to find brilliant topics is to evaluate coursework or content. This will enable a student to determine what they can research and write about to impress the educator. The same case should apply when choosing ecology lab ideas. You can also check out news items. Daily life events can be great sources of inspiration when searching for ecology experiment ideas and topics for academic papers.

Ecology Topics for Analytical Research Papers

Ecology research topics for comparison and contrast papers, evolutionary ecology research topics, interesting ecology topics for essays, ecology project ideas for definition papers and essays, argumentative ecology research paper topics, aquatic ecology paper topics, human ecology topics.

But, if you still can’t come up with a great topic for your paper or experiment, don’t worry, our thesis writers prepared 100 topics for you. Here is a list of great ideas to consider if you’re struggling to find environment and ecology research topics.

Do you want to write an analytical research paper? If yes, consider ecology research project ideas in this category. Here are some of the topics to consider in this category.

  • What are the major components of gastric microbiota?
  • Describe the origin of social ecology
  • How is social ecology applied?
  • Discuss the ecology of magnetotactic bacteria
  • Describe the evolution of magnetotactic bacteria
  • Discuss the ecological problems facing African savanna
  • What is sustainable agro-ecology?
  • Discuss sustainable agro-ecology for temperate ecosystems
  • Discuss the indirect and direct biodiversity values
  • Discuss the effects of natural green and its role in an ecological system
  • Describe changes in the polar bears’ ecology over the last 40 years
  • Describe the best ways teachers can help their students understand different ecology issues and improve their thinking
  • What are the major values of biodiversity
  • What are the principles of population ecology?
  • What are the measurements of species richness in community ecology?
  • Discuss the major marketing strategies for an environmentally friendly product
  • Why are critical ecological and environmental issues ignored by some countries?
  • Describe the best technologies for treating hazardous wastes
  • What causes air pollution?
  • How can nations prevent the impacts of air pollution on ecological systems?

Perhaps, you want to compare and contrast some concepts in your paper. In that case, you need ecology paper topics that allow you to consider different viewpoints. Here are examples of such topics.

  • Compare and contrast nuclear and fossil fuel energy
  • Compare and contrast the effects of hurricanes and tornados
  • How does an earthquake compare and contrast with a tsunami?
  • Compare and contrast the reformist environmentalism and deep ecology movement principles
  • Compare and contrast 3 categories of symbiotic relationships
  • Compare and contrast the phosphorous cycle and nitrogen cycle
  • Compare and contrast limnetic, benthic, and littoral zones in a lake
  • Compare and contrast opportunistic and equilibrium populations
  • Compare and contrast at least 3 terrestrial ecosystems
  • Compare and contrast non-sustainable and sustainable society

Compare and contrast topics in ecology require a great deal of time and effort. That’s because writing a paper or essay about a topic in this category entails research and writing about different topics. Therefore, be ready to research extensively if you choose your ecology project topic from this category.

Maybe you want to conduct extensive research about evolutionary ecology. In that case, you need evolutionary ecology topics for research paper to choose from. Here are the topic samples to consider.

  • What are the functional roles of maternal structures for the survival of an offspring?
  • What are the major transcriptomic changes when it comes to the transition of plant species from aquatic to terrestrial habitats?
  • Define population variation with carnivores’ population structure in mind.
  • Discuss the human social complexity evolution
  • Discuss the effects of social fungal communities invaders

Your educator may have asked you to choose an interesting topic and write a great essay about it. Here is a list of ecology topics from which you can choose what to write about.

  • Discuss the diversity and functioning of an ecosystem
  • What role does competition among species play in evolution?
  • Discuss the differences between sexual and vegetative reproduction
  • How does sleep facilitate evolution?
  • How do wolves help in population control in a forest?
  • What cause black holes and what are their effects
  • How does human activity impact glaciers?
  • What causes new infections?
  • Are endangered species worth protecting?
  • What are the potential effects of re-introducing an extinct species?
  • Discuss the latest technology for making hazardous waste safe
  • Define ecological footprint
  • Explain the number of bugs under the feet of a person at any given time
  • Discuss the use of moss in determining the North

Your educator may have asked you to write a definition essay or paper. This might be the reason why you’re looking for ecology project ideas for college essays and papers. Here are some of the topics that you can consider.

  • Define conservation biology
  • What is the purpose of conservation biology?
  • Define factorial ecology
  • What is the major tool for factorial ecology?
  • Define biodiversity
  • How important is biodiversity for an environment?
  • Define biome
  • Describe the seven biomes on the planet
  • Define the tragedy of commons’ concept
  • How can the overconsumption problem be solved?
  • Define mutualism
  • Discuss the major categories of mutualism
  • Define the Columbian exchange
  • How does Columbian exchange relate to ecology?
  • What is eco-efficiency?
  • What is sustainable manufacturing?
  • Describe the preventive engineering strategy and its importance
  • Discuss the principle of competitive exclusion
  • Define extinction debts- What are its major mechanisms?
  • Discuss how green roofs decrease the ecological footprint

Do you want to argue about some ecology concepts? If yes, consider the following ecology topics for presentation or research paper.

  • How can an ecological catastrophe be prevented by volunteer organizations?
  • Is ecology an individual or governmental responsibility?
  • Should schools teach environmentally friendly behaviors?
  • Discuss the most important biochemical interactions between animals and plants
  • Do the media cover ecological problems sufficiently?
  • Is there real, irreversible damage done to the earth by humans?
  • Is consumerism the major ecological problem?
  • Is deep ecology movement a religion?
  • Is artificial filling of unoccupied niches in an ecosystem ethical?
  • Can non-renewable energy sources be abolished completely?

If you’re pursuing an ecology program that deals with aquatic issues, you will find topics in this category quite interesting. Here sample topics to consider in this category.

  • What is involved in stream ecology study?
  • Discuss the salt marshes ecological phenomenon
  • Describe the hydrologic cycle
  • What is the importance of the hydrologic cycle in an ecosystem?
  • Define eutrophication and its causes
  • Describe the problems and effects of water ecology in the Caribbean
  • What is the importance of water consumption habits for ecology?
  • Discuss diversity and stream morphology
  • Describe sampling of Macro-invertebrate in aquatic ecology
  • What is estuary ecology?

Maybe you want to research human ecology. In that case, consider the following ecology project topics.

  • What are the major aspects of physiological ecology?
  • What are the consequences of overconsumption for ecology?
  • How can social ecology be regulated in a classroom?
  • What is the origin or media ecology?
  • Discuss the purposes and methods of media ecology
  • How safe is ecology in megacities in China?
  • What is agrarianism? –Discuss the principles of agrarianism philosophy
  • Describe a restaurant business that can be considered ecologically friendly
  • Are humans a part of an ecological world?
  • How to make a house sustainable

In addition to these categories of ecology research project ideas, you can also consider biology topics , as well as, problems and solutions topics. Nevertheless, take your time to find topics for ecology papers that you will be comfortable researching and writing about.

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11 February, marks the International Day of Women and Girls in Science. To celebrate, we speak to some recent  PLOS ONE  authors about their research and their experiences as women in science. Our interviewees study very different aspects of agriculture and food security, but all their work contributes to the development of more efficient and sustainable food systems for the future.

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122 Best Ecology Topics To Sparkle Your Writing

ecology topics

Global warming, climate change, and environmental conservation are the center of discussion worldwide; ecology is undoubtedly a fascinating academic field.

However, selecting ecology research topics that you can comfortably handle, find a wide range of relevant sources, and earn stellar grades can be a painstaking process for many college students.

Yet, there are several sources of inspiration for your ecology essay topics. You can evaluate your coursework to find ecology research ideas that will impress your educator. Similarly, you are free to refer to daily life events or check out different news items. If you are struggling to develop a good topic, do not lose heart. We have put together a great list of ecology topics just for you.

Top Ecology Research Paper Topics

  • Discuss practical ways to curb the emission of carbon dioxide into the environment
  • What are some of the proven methods to make the environment more sustainable?
  • Look into how climate change impacts the evolutionary change in managed and natural biodiversity.
  • Examine how ecologists can effectively keep safe marine species that are at risk of extinction
  • What is psychological ecology, and what are some of its importance to humans
  • Analyze the impact of climate change in plant and animal species in the 21 st century
  • Exploring green roofs: Break down their working design and look at why they need to be incorporated.
  • In what ways can we ultimately adopt renewable sources of energy
  • Break down the principles of competitive exclusion and highlight its advantages
  • What are the main methods of recycling waste paper more effectively
  • Herbicides: Evaluate the effectiveness and potential side effect of various weed killers
  • What are the best approaches to measure and evaluate the impact of climate change?
  • Pollution: Find out whether human damage to the environment is reversible
  • Analyze the magnitude of fracking on the environment
  • Explore the impact of acid rain on aquatic life

First-Class Ecology Topics For Presentation

  • What are some of the latest technologies incorporated in making hazardous waste less harmful?
  • Highlight how different species can survive the harshest conditions created by pollution.
  • Are fertilizers worth it? Discuss the detrimental impacts of fertilizers on the aquatic environment
  • How can plants help to measure tap water quality?
  • What is the correlation between intelligence in animal and the efficiency of social foraging
  • Outline examples of highly altruistic behavior in lions and how it affects their fitness levels.
  • Look into how environmental factors and population affect desertion rates in birds.
  • Economic dependability as the central aspect of behavioral ecology: the imbalance in the cost and benefits as the cause of territorial behavior
  • Prove the theory that killing the cubs of a new pride enables females to start reproducing at a fast rate
  • Look into the link between population and the choice of parenting style among animals.
  • What are the main reasons why animals make signals to share food sources and attract direct members of their species?
  • Animal communication and neural process: Discuss the importance of traits like participation in cooperation activities in animal groups
  • Examine whether the processes impact the life cycle of migratory birds’ species if habits they choose to live in

Latest Ecology Project Ideas For College

  • What are the differences between mating strategies in lions, and how does it impact producing offspring?
  • Outline patterns used by birds to navigate, respond to the environment effectively and transmit vital information.
  • Evolutionary ecology and climate change: a case study of adaptive evolution of sexually selected traits in eagles
  • Evaluate the best methods of studying tolerance
  • Study evolutionary ecology forces that affect the coevolution and coexistence of the pollinator and the fig
  • What is the implication of humans frequently feeding wild birds on their population size and transition to urban environments?
  • Effects of natural calamities on genetic diversity and gene flow in endangered animal species
  • Impacts of extreme desert temperatures on the fertility of male and female ostriches
  • What measure can ensure turtles do not incur significant clutch losses
  • Observe the relationship between the regulatory of fluctuations in population size and specific activities among predators
  • Highlight the main reason for instability in mortality rates among passerine birds
  • What forces determine fecundity in aquatic plants?
  • Highlight ways to market an eco-friendly product in the modern-day
  • What are the major ecological problems impacting the African savanna today
  • Discuss ways by which human consumerism is detrimental to the environment
  • What are the leading causes of dead zones in seas
  • Explain the formation of different types of reefs
  • Break down the formation of salt marshes
  • Examine eutrophication and its implications
  • Outline the bright side if the natural green effect
  • Discuss the difference between the nitrogen cycle and the phosphorus cycle

Ecological Topics For Environmentalists

  • Evaluate the principle of competitive exclusion and mention valid examples
  • Evaluate the implications of pollution on the tundra
  • Highlight the effects of hydrogen peroxide in a plant’s root
  • Explain different methods used by ecologists to protect marine species that are at risk
  • Describe the philosophy behind agrarianism
  • Outline the primary methods used to measure the impact of climate change in the world.
  • Examine how climate change has impacted the migration pattern of monarch butterflies
  • Break down the evolution of human social complexity
  • What are the adverse effects of high atmospheric CO2 content on plants
  • Examine how human activities bring about an imbalance in biogeochemical cycling
  • What is the link between the migration of species and global warming?
  • What are the implications of mosquito eradication on the environment?
  • Point out the effects of overharvesting on the environment
  • Discuss the concept of extinction debts and their causes
  • Explain the principle of competitive exclusion
  • Explain the importance of preventive engineering strategy on industrial ecology
  • What is ecological footprint, and how is it measured?
  • What is eco-efficiency?
  • Define biodiversity and explain its importance to the environment
  • What is conservation biology, and how important is this field?

Human Ecology Topics

  • Evaluate different types of symbiotic relationships
  • Point out the primary sources of air pollution
  • Highlight the key reasons why a country may ignore serious environmental concerns
  • What are the indirect and direct values of biodiversity?
  • Discuss sustainable agroecology in temperature ecosystems
  • What is the origin and application of social ecology?
  • Outline the significant components of gastric macrobiotic
  • What is estuary ecology
  • Study black smokers and outline their importance to marine life
  • Evaluate the ecology of Chinese megacities and explain if they are safe for the human population
  • Discuss the long term environmental implications of the Chernobyl disaster
  • How can we control plastic pollution in the sea?
  • What is media ecology, and how important is it in environmental conservation?
  • Discuss diversity and stream morphology
  • Break down the hydrologic cycle
  • Is it possible to do away with non-renewable energy sources entirely?

Top-Rated Ecology Research Paper Topics

  • Examine whether the deep ecology movement can be a religion
  • What methods can combat ecological catastrophes
  • What is the link between the Columbian exchange and ecology
  • Highlight strategies that can solve overconsumption
  • What is the purpose of factorial ecology?
  • Investigating endangered species and possible ways to alter their extinction
  • Studying evolutionary systems and the process of a microorganism
  • Analyze how the destruction of natural habitats by humans affects the rates of the sixth mass extinction
  • What are the significant reasons why less than ten percent of plastic ever produced is recycled?

Creative Ecology Research Project Ideas

  • Explain why some genetics and taxonomy specialists claim each organism can only be classified if its genotype is available
  • What is the importance of thiamine and its availability to conserve and protect animal species in the northern hemisphere?
  • Discuss the significance of Charles Darwin’s works considering the implications of biodiversity on ecosystem health for modern functional ecology
  • Examine why functional ecology helps in the classification and detection and how it differs from other approaches
  • Analyze the link between railroad construction in the Amazon rainforest and climate change as it relates to carbon sink status
  • Outline the leading artificial and natural causes of floodplains build-up in land elevation
  • Water pollution: movement of genes and degradation of the compounds from rare species into more common ones in lakes with organic toxins
  • Is it necessary for the US to ban the use of plastics to protect delicate ecosystems?

Ecology Issues Topic Ideas

  • Do governments need to enact new laws to curb the use of energy produced by fossil fuels?
  • Tectonic movements: What impacts do they have on the environment?
  • Investigate whether global warming is a part of a natural cycle of the earth or a result of human activity
  • Why do humans try to prevent the extinction of endangered species?
  • Examine deep-sea mining and whether it is safe for oceans or aquatic life
  • What brings about groundwater contamination? How can it be detected and prevented?
  • What is the role of volcanoes in the development of modern earth?
  • Is it possible to reinforce the ozone layer?
  • What is the importance of small water bodies like lakes and ponds?
  • How can humans harness the greenhouse effect?
  • Global warming: What is likely to happen if glaciers melt?
  • How did the Fukushima and Chernobyl disasters affect worldwide ecology?
  • Study types of clouds, their formation, and their importance
  • What are eco-villages, and how effective are they?
  • Highlight some of the new animal and plant species seen in the last two years
  • What is the influence of diversity in ecosystem function?
  • Examine the importance of herbivore in preventing competitive exclusion
  • Discuss the role of competition in determining the community composition of different ecosystems
  • Meta-analysis of multidecadal biodiversity trends in Europe
  • An Ecophysiological evaluation of salinity tolerance in olive

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Library of Congress subject headings are assigned to books, journals, videos and more in UC Library Search. Subject headings use a "controlled vocabulary," which allows us to group like things together and retrieve very focused results. Below are the results from sample searches using subject headings that address indigenous populations and ecology.

  • Ethnoecology A subject search for books on Ethnoecology.
  • Indians of North America -- Ethnobotany A subject search for books on Ethnobotany.
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  • A guide to decolonize language in conservation A basic resource for anyone who writes or talks about conservation, climate change and nature protection.
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  • California EcoAtlas The California EcoAtlas provides free public access to information about the quantity and quality of California wetlands. EcoAtlas enables integration of information to provide landscape context for consideration of wetland extent and condition. more... less... Interactive, detailed maps of aquatic resources extent (streams, wetlands, riparian areas, and special habitats such as eelgrass) are available as data layers. Existing aquatic resources based on California Aquatic Resource Inventory (CARI) are displayed as the default data layer on the interactive map. EcoAtlas is a tracking tool for restoration project activity and provides detailed information and boundaries for restoration and mitigation projects across California.
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  • California Wetlands Portal The purpose of the Wetlands Portal is to provide the public information on the quantity and quality of California wetlands.
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  • Guidelines for Considering Traditional Knowledges in Climate Change Initiatives An informational resource for tribes, agencies, and organizations across the United States interested in understanding traditional knowledges—or TKs—in the context of climate change. Part of the U.S. Climate Resilience Toolkit.
  • Sacred Places Institute for Indigenous Peoples An Indigenous-led, community-based organization located in the ancestral homelands of the Tongva People in Los Angeles. Its mission is to build the capacity of Native Nations and Indigenous Peoples throughout California, the United States, and around the world to protect sacred lands, waters, and cultures.
  • Southern California Wetlands Recovery Project (WRP) Through the WRP partnership, public agencies, scientists, and local communities work cooperatively to acquire and restore wetlands in coastal Southern California. The WRP provides a structure that allows agencies to discuss project design and approach, and coordinate funding opportunities, for the most efficient and effective expenditure of resources. By cultivating resilient wetlands on a landscape scale, the WRP aims to enhance the economic, environmental and recreational benefits of wetlands in Southern California.
  • Wetlands Status and Trends This U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service site provides critical information on recent and historical changes in wetland and deepwater habitat type and acreage. The historical database that the Service has developed through Status and Trends provides visual evidence of wetlands and deepwater extent, as well as land use, dating back to the 1950s. This provides an accurate record to guide the development of new U.S. aquatic resource policies, and determine the effectiveness of current policies and management strategies.

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Global Programs

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  • Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples Platform (LCIPP) Hosted by United Nations Climate Change, this is an open and inclusive space and brings together people and their knowledge systems to build a climate resilient world for all.
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Nature’s Secrets: Top 200 Ecology Research Topics

Ecology Research Topics

Welcome to the world of Ecology, where the study of nature evolves like an interesting story. Ecology helps us solve the complex relationships between living organisms and their environments. In this fascinating journey, we will see ecology research topics that reveal the secrets of ecosystems, biodiversity, and the delicate balance of nature. 

From understanding how different species react to the impact of human activities on our planet, Ecology offers insights that go beyond the ordinary. 

So, whether you’re fascinated by the web of life in a forest, the dynamics of a coral reef, or the challenges of conservation, these research topics will guide you into the heart of ecological wonders. Let’s start this adventure of knowledge, discovering the hidden secrets that shape the world around us.

What Is Ecology?

Table of Contents

Ecology is the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment. It explores relationships between plants, animals, and their surroundings, helping us understand how nature works and how different elements in ecosystems connect.

What Are The 6 Topics Studied In Ecology?

Ecology studies the relationships between living things and their environment. Here are six topics studied in ecology:

ecology for a research paper

  • Ecosystems: Examining how living organisms, like plants and animals, interact with each other and their non living surroundings, such as soil, water, and air.
  • Biodiversity: Analyzing the variety of life in different ecosystems, including the number and types of species present.
  • Population Dynamics: Understanding how the numbers of individuals in a species change over time, including factors like birth rates, death rates, and migration.
  • Community Interactions: Exploring how different species in a specific area interact with each other, such as through competition or cooperation.
  • Ecological Succession: Studying the increasing changes in ecosystems over time, including how new communities of plants and animals replace older ones.
  • Conservation Biology: Focusing on protecting and preserving ecosystems and species, especially those facing threats or endangerment.

Top 200 Ecology Research Topics

Now the wait is over and here we will be listing top 200 ecology research topics. And they are as:

Top 10 Ecology Research Topics On Biodiversity Conservation

  • Conservation Genetics and its Role in Biodiversity Preservation
  • Ecological Consequences of Habitat Fragmentation on Biodiversity
  • Monitoring and Assessing Biodiversity in Changing Landscapes
  • Conservation Strategies for Endangered Species
  • The Significance of Protected Areas in Biodiversity Conservation
  • Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity Conservation
  • Citizen Science Initiatives in Biodiversity Monitoring
  • Integrating Indigenous Knowledge in Biodiversity Conservation
  • Climate Change Impacts on Biodiversity and Conservation Measures
  • Human-Wildlife Conflict and its Implications for Biodiversity Conservation

Top 10 Research Topics On Climate Change Impacts

  • Climate Change Effects on Biodiversity and Ecosystems
  • Influence of Climate Change on Global Water Resources
  • Rising Sea Levels and Coastal Ecosystem Vulnerability
  • Climate Change Affects on Agriculture and Food Security
  • Extreme Weather Events and their Ecological Consequences
  • Ocean Acidification: Ecological and Marine Life Impacts
  • Changes in Species Distribution by Climate Change
  • Climate Change and Migration Patterns of Wildlife
  • Effects of Climate Change on Polar and Alpine Ecosystems
  • Climate Change and Human Health: Ecological Perspectives

Top 10 Ecology Research Topics On Habitat Restoration

  • Ecosystem Recovery after Habitat Disturbance
  • Effects of Restoration Techniques on Soil Health
  • Ecological Succession in Restored Habitats
  • Invasive Species Management in Restoration Projects
  • Role of Native Plant Species in Habitat Restoration
  • Impact of Restoration on Wildlife Communities
  • Community Engagement in Urban Habitat Restoration
  • Restoration of Wetland Ecosystems and Biodiversity
  • Historical Ecology and its Role in Habitat Restoration
  • Evaluating Long-Term Success of Habitat Restoration Projects

Top 10 Research Topics On Ecosystem Services

  • Valuation of Ecosystem Services for purpose of Sustainable Resource Management
  • Biodiversity’s Role in Providing Ecosystem Services
  • Climate Change Impacts on Ecosystem Services
  • Urban Ecosystem Services and Green Infrastructure
  • Cultural Ecosystem Services: Linking Nature and Well-being
  • Watershed Services: Sustainable Water Resource Management
  • Forest Ecosystem Services and Sustainable Forestry Practices
  • Marine Ecosystem Services: Conservation and Management
  • Agricultural Practices and Ecosystem Service Delivery
  • Restoration Ecology for Enhancing Ecosystem Services

Top 10 Ecology Research Topics On Wildlife Ecology

  • Behavior and Social Structure of Wild Animal Populations
  • Conservation Genetics in Wildlife Management
  • Human-Wildlife Conflict and Mitigation Strategies
  • Wildlife Habitat Use and Selection
  • Effects of Climate Change on Wildlife Ecology
  • Wildlife Disease Ecology and Emerging Infectious Diseases
  • Predator-Prey Dynamics in Natural Ecosystems
  • Movement Ecology and Migration Patterns
  • Wildlife Monitoring Techniques and Technology
  • Restoration Ecology for Wildlife Habitat Enhancement

Top 10 Ecology Research Topics On Marine Ecology

  • Coral Reef Resilience and Conservation
  • Marine Biodiversity in Deep-Sea Ecosystems
  • Ocean Acidification & its Impact on Marine Life
  • Fisheries Management for Sustainable Marine Ecology
  • Marine Protected Areas and Conservation Strategies
  • Plastic Pollution & its impact on Marine Ecosystems
  • Seabird Ecology and Conservation
  • Mangrove Ecosystems: Function and Conservation
  • Climate Change Impacts on Marine Ecosystems
  • Seagrass Ecology and Restoration efforts in Coastal Areas

Top 10 Research Topics On Urban Ecology

  • Urban Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies
  • Green Spaces & Ecosystem Services in Urban Environments
  • Urban Heat Island Effect and Mitigation Measures
  • Urban Wildlife Ecology and Human-Wildlife Interactions
  • Sustainable Urban Planning and Design for Ecosystem Health
  • Urban Agriculture: Impacts on Biodiversity and Food Security
  • Air Quality and Urban Tree Canopy: A Nexus in Urban Ecology
  • Stormwater Management and Ecological Solutions in Urban Areas
  • Urbanization Effects on Microbial Communities in Soil
  • Citizen Science Contributions to Urban Ecology Research

Top 10 Ecology Research Topics On Forest Ecology

  • Old-Growth Forest Ecology and Conservation
  • Forest Fragmentation and its Impact on Biodiversity
  • Fire Ecology: Natural Processes and Human Intervention
  • Forest Carbon Sequestration and Climate Change Mitigation
  • Dynamics of Tree-Soil Interactions in Forest Ecosystems
  • Invasive Species Management in Forested Landscapes
  • Forest Restoration Ecology and Reforestation Strategies
  • Effects of Logging and Timber Harvesting on Forest Ecology
  • Microbial Communities in Forest Soils: Diversity and Function
  • Ecological Consequences of Climate Change in Forested Regions

Top 10 Research Topics On Invasive Species Management

  • Ecological Impacts of Invasive Species
  • Mechanisms of Invasion Success
  • Early Detection and Rapid Response Strategies
  • Effects of Climate Change on Invasive Species Dynamics
  • Management Strategies for Aquatic Invasive Species
  • Biological Control of Invasive Species
  • Evolutionary Responses in Invasive Species
  • Community-Level Impacts of Invasive Species
  • Economic Costs and Benefits of Invasive Species Management
  • Restoration Ecology After Invasive Species Removal

Top 10 Ecology Research Topics On Conservation Genetics

  • Genetic Diversity and Conservation of Endangered Species
  • Population Genetics of Rare and Threatened Plants
  • Conservation Genomics in Wildlife Management
  • Genetic Adaptation to Changing Environments
  • Genomic Approaches in Assessing Inbreeding Depression
  • Landscape Genetics and Habitat Connectivity
  • Genetic Monitoring for Effective Conservation
  • Genomic Tools in Studying Hybridization and Introgression
  • Conservation Genetics of Migratory Species
  • Genetic Markers for Non-Invasive Monitoring of Wildlife

Top 10 Research Topics On Landscape Ecology

  • Spatial Patterns and Dynamics in Landscape Ecology
  • Connectivity and Fragmentation of Landscape
  • Urbanization and its Impact on Landscape Structure
  • Landscape Heterogeneity and Biodiversity Conservation
  • Ecosystem Services in the Context of Landscape Ecology
  • Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Landscape Ecology
  • Modeling Landscape Change and Future Scenarios
  • Landscape Ecology and Climate Change Impacts
  • Land-Use Change Effects on Landscape Patterns
  • Resilience and Sustainability in Landscape Ecology

Top 10 Ecology Research Topics On Agroecology

  • Sustainable Farming Practices for Agroecosystem Health
  • Agroecology and Biodiversity Conservation in Agricultural Landscapes
  • Soil Health and Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems
  • Organic Farming Systems: Ecological Impacts and Benefits
  • Agroecological Approaches to Pest Management
  • Agroforestry Systems and Ecosystem Services
  • Climate-Resilient Agriculture in Agroecological Frameworks
  • Indigenous and Traditional Agro Ecological Knowledge
  • Integrating Livestock into Agroecosystems for Sustainability
  • Socioeconomic Dimensions of Agroecological Transition

Top 10 Research Topics On Ecological Modeling

  • Spatial and Temporal Dynamics in Ecological Models
  • Integrating Climate Change in Ecological Modeling
  • Agent-Based Modeling in Ecological Studies
  • Ecological Network Models: Structure and Dynamics
  • Predictive Modeling for Conservation Planning
  • Individual-Based Models in Animal Behavior Ecology
  • Dynamic Energy Budget Models in Population Ecology
  • Bayesian Approaches in Ecological Modeling
  • Ecological Niche Modeling for Species Distribution
  • Coupling Ecological and Economic Models for Sustainability

Top 10 Ecology Research Topics On Environmental Pollution

  • Affects of Air Pollution on Ecosystems and Human Health
  • Microplastics in Aquatic Ecosystems: Sources and Effects
  • Soil Pollution and its Consequences for Terrestrial Ecology
  • Noise Pollution and its Effects on Wildlife Behavior
  • Heavy Metal Contamination in Urban Ecosystems
  • Emerging Contaminants: Pharmaceuticals in the Environment
  • Pesticide Pollution and Agricultural Ecosystems
  • Oil Spills and Marine Ecosystems: Recovery and Resilience
  • Plastic Waste in Marine Environments: Ecological Impacts
  • Urbanization and its Role in Environmental Pollution

Top 10 Research Topics On Ecotourism Impact

  • Ecotourism and Biodiversity Conservation
  • Socioeconomic Impacts of Ecotourism on Local Communities
  • Sustainable Practices in Ecotourism Operations
  • Wildlife Disturbance and Ecotourism: Balancing Conservation
  • Ecotourism and Cultural Heritage Preservation
  • Assessing the Environmental Footprint of Ecotourism
  • Ecotourism and Sustainable Resource Management
  • Community Involvement in Ecotourism Development
  • Monitoring and Mitigating Ecotourism Impacts on Fragile Ecosystems
  • Ecotourism Certification and Standards for Responsible Tourism

Top 10 Ecology Research Topics On Plant Ecology

  • Plant-Animal Interactions and Mutualistic Relationships
  • Impacts of Climate Change on Plant Communities
  • Plant Functional Traits and Ecosystem Functioning
  • Plant-Insect Interactions: Pollination and Herbivory
  • Dynamics of Plant Communities in Disturbed Habitats
  • Plant Defense Mechanisms Against Herbivores
  • Allelopathy: Chemical Interactions among Plants
  • Plant Invasions and their Ecological Consequences
  • Influence of Soil Microbes on Plant Health and Diversity
  • Role of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Plant Ecology

Top 10 Research Topics On Evolutionary Ecology

  • Adaptation and Evolutionary Dynamics in Changing Environments
  • Coevolutionary Interactions between Species
  • Evolutionary Consequences of Mutualistic Relationships
  • Evolutionary Ecology of Life History Strategies
  • Evolutionary Responses to Anthropogenic Stressors
  • Evolutionary Ecology of Invasive Species
  • Historical Biogeography and Evolutionary Patterns
  • Evolutionary Ecology of Plant-Animal Interactions
  • Evolutionary Drivers of Biodiversity
  • Evolutionary Consequences of Climate Change

Top 10 Ecology Research Topics On Freshwater Ecology

  • Biodiversity and Conservation of Freshwater Ecosystems
  • Aquatic Macroinvertebrates as Bioindicators of Water Quality
  • Effects of Climate Change on Freshwater Ecology
  • Nutrient Cycling in Freshwater Environments
  • Impact of Invasive Species on Freshwater Ecosystems
  • Dynamics of Aquatic Food Webs in Lakes and Rivers
  • Restoration Ecology of Freshwater Habitats
  • Ecological Consequences of Dams and Water Management
  • Microbial Communities in Freshwater Environments
  • Threats to Freshwater Ecosystems: Pollution and Habitat Loss

Top 10 Research Topics On Microbial Ecology

  • Microbial Diversity in Natural Environments
  • Microbial Interactions in Soil Ecosystems
  • Human Microbiome and Health
  • Microbial Ecology of Extreme Environments
  • Microbes in Aquatic Ecosystems: Dynamics and Roles
  • Microbial Communities in Plant Rhizospheres
  • Microbial Biogeography and Distribution Patterns
  • Impact of Climate Change on Microbial Ecology
  • Microbial Responses to Pollution and Environmental Stress
  • Microbial Roles in Biogeochemical Cycling

Top 10 Ecology Research Topics On Sustainable Agriculture

  • Agroecological Practices for Sustainable Farming
  • Soil Health Management in Sustainable Agriculture
  • Water Conservation Strategies in Agricultural Systems
  • Organic Farming: Impacts on Ecology and Sustainability
  • Integrated Pest Management for Sustainable Agriculture
  • Biodiversity Enhancement through Crop Rotation
  • Agroforestry: Integrating Trees into Agricultural Landscapes
  • Climate-Smart Agriculture Approaches
  • Efficient Nutrient Management in Sustainable Farming
  • Sustainable Livestock Farming Practices

Top 50 Ecology Essay Topics

In addition to the above topics we are giving you a bonus of top 50 ecology essay topics based on different categories and they are as:

Top 10 Essay Research Topics On Environmental Sustainability

  • Climate Change Impacts and Mitigation Strategies
  • Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Restoration
  • Sustainable Agriculture Practices
  • Renewable Energy Solutions
  • Waste Management and Circular Economy
  • Urban Planning for Sustainable Cities
  • Water Conservation and Management
  • Environmental Policies and Governance
  • Corporate Social Responsibility in Sustainability
  • Indigenous Knowledge and Practices in Environmental Sustainability

Top 10 Essay Research Topics On Social Justice and Equity

  • Racial Inequality and Systemic Racism
  • Gender Equality and Women’s Rights
  • LGBTQ+ Rights and Inclusivity
  • Economic Disparities and Poverty
  • Access to Education: Challenges and Solutions
  • Criminal Justice Reform and Fair Policing
  • Disability Rights and Inclusion
  • Indigenous Rights and Land Sovereignty
  • Immigration Policies and Human Rights
  • Healthcare Disparities: Addressing Equity in Access and Treatment

Top 10 Essay Research Topics On Technology and Society

  • Ethical Implications of Artificial Intelligence
  • Digital Privacy and Security Concerns
  • Impact of Social Media on Society
  • The Role of Technology in Education
  • Automation and the Future of Work
  • Cybersecurity Challenges and Solutions
  • Internet of Things (IoT) and Smart Cities
  • Biotechnology and Bioethics
  • Technology and Healthcare: Advancements and Concerns
  • Accessibility and Inclusivity in Technological Innovations

Top 10 Essay Research Topics On Health and Wellness

  • Mental Health Stigma and Awareness
  • Healthcare Disparities in Underserved Communities
  • Impact of Technology on Mental Health
  • Lifestyle Factors and Chronic Disease Prevention
  • Access to Affordable Healthcare
  • Public Health Strategies for Disease Prevention
  • Global Health Challenges and Solutions
  • Integrative Medicine and Holistic Health Approaches
  • Nutrition and its Role in Overall Wellness
  • Aging Population: Health Challenges and Innovations

Top 10 Essay Research Topics On Global Economic Trends

  • The Impact of Globalization on Economic Inequality
  • Sustainable Development Goals and Economic Growth
  • Technological Advancements and Economic Transformation
  • Trade Wars and their Effects on Global Economies
  • The Rise of Gig Economy and Changing Workforce Dynamics
  • Financial Inclusion and Economic Empowerment
  • COVID-19 Pandemic’s Impact on Global Economic Trends
  • Green Finance and Environmental Sustainability in Economics
  • Economic Policies for Post-Pandemic Recovery
  • The Role of Emerging Markets in Shaping Global Economic Trends

As we conclude our exploration of Ecology Research Topics, we’ve uncovered a big collection of subjects into the wonders of our natural world. From studying Biodiversity Conservation to researching Microbial Ecology, these topics offer a deeper understanding of the balance of our ecosystems. 

In addition to these research topics, we’ve provided a bonus of 50 Ecology Essay Topics, adding more layers to your knowledge. Remember, Ecology is like solving nature’s puzzle, and each topic contributes to revealing its secrets. 

We’ve also touched upon the six fundamental topics in Ecology, providing a foundation for your ecological journey. So, let curiosity be your guide, and explore the mysteries that our planet holds.

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Ecology articles within Scientific Reports

Article 23 February 2024 | Open Access

Applicability analysis of flame height estimation based on Byram’s fireline intensity model under flat and windless conditions

  • Yunlin Zhang
  •  &  Aixia Luo

GIS-based non-grain cultivated land susceptibility prediction using data mining methods

  • , Tingyu Zhang
  •  &  Yao Chen

An environmental perspective of energy consumption, overpopulation, and human capital barriers in South Asia

  • Mohammad Mafizur Rahman
  • , Muhammad Iftikhar ul Husnain
  •  &  Mohammad Naim Azimi

Article 22 February 2024 | Open Access

Exploring the effects of competition and predation on the success of biological invasion through mathematical modeling

  • Viviana Rivera-Estay
  • , Fernando Córdova-Lepe
  •  &  Rodrigo Gutiérrez

Rapid loss of maternal immunity and increase in environmentally mediated antibody generation in urban gulls

  • Juliet S. Lamb
  • , Jérémy Tornos
  •  &  Thierry Boulinier

Biomolecular evidence for changing millet reliance in Late Bronze Age central Germany

  • Eleftheria Orfanou
  • , Barbara Zach
  •  &  Patrick Roberts

Variation in maternal lactation practices associated with changes in diurnal maternal inflammation

  • Carmen Hove
  • , Kristine Joy Chua
  •  &  Amy M. Boddy

Effects of inorganic mulching on soil hydrothermal environment and tomato characters in the presence of unheated greenhouse cultivation

  • , Pengfei Zhang
  •  &  Masateru Senge

Optimal social distancing in epidemic control: cost prioritization, adherence and insights into preparedness principles

  • Giulio Pisaneschi
  • , Matteo Tarani
  •  &  Piero Manfredi

Article 21 February 2024 | Open Access

Neighbour–stranger discrimination in an African wood dove inhabiting equatorial rainforest

  • Małgorzata Niśkiewicz
  • , Paweł Szymański
  •  &  Tomasz S. Osiejuk

New age constraints for human entry into the Americas on the north Pacific coast

  • Martina L. Steffen

The effect of caraway oil-loaded bio-nanoemulsions on the growth and performance of barnyard grass and maize

  • Magdalena Rys
  • , Małgorzata Miastkowska
  •  &  Agnieszka Synowiec

Direct evidence of plant consumption in Neolithic Eastern Sudan from dental calculus analysis

  • Giusy Capasso
  • , Dulce Neves
  •  &  Andrea Manzo

A machine learning approach for modeling the occurrence of the major intermediate hosts for schistosomiasis in East Africa

  • Zadoki Tabo
  • , Lutz Breuer
  •  &  Christian Albrecht

Coccolith-calcite Sr/Ca as a proxy for transient export production related to Saharan dust deposition in the tropical North Atlantic

  • C. V. Guerreiro
  • , P. Ziveri
  •  &  J.-B. W. Stuut

Article 20 February 2024 | Open Access

Cultivable fungal diversity in two karstic caves in Italy: under-investigated habitats as source of putative novel taxa

  • , A. Zanellati
  •  &  G. C. Varese

Variation in body size and weight status among Hindu and Muslim Indian males born in the 1890s through the 1950s

  • Grażyna Liczbińska
  • , Rajesh K. Gautam
  •  &  Robert M. Malina

Nutrient supply systems and their effect on the performance of the Nile Tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) and Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa ) plant integration system

  • El-Sayed Khater
  • , Adel Bahnasawy
  •  &  Osama Morsy

Matters Arising 19 February 2024 | Open Access

Reply to: Embracing the taxonomic and topological stability of phylogenomics

  • , Kwen‑Shen Lee
  •  &  Daniel Janies

Article 19 February 2024 | Open Access

Season and host-community composition inside roosts may affect host-specificity of bat flies

  • Attila D. Sándor
  • , Alexandra Corduneanu
  •  &  Áron Péter

Individuals departing non-breeding areas early achieve earlier breeding and higher breeding success

  • Fraser Bell
  • , Janne Ouwehand
  •  &  Malcolm Burgess

Different responses of foliar nutrient resorption efficiency in two dominant species to grazing in the desert steppe

  • Qingge Zhao
  • , Yuhan Zhang
  •  &  Guodong Han

Interspecific recognition based on cuticular hydrocarbons mediates reproduction control in aphids

  • , Nousheen Parven
  •  &  Shin-ichi Akimoto

War drives forest fire risks and highlights the need for more ecologically-sound forest management in post-war Ukraine

  • Maksym Matsala
  • , Andrii Odruzhenko
  •  &  Andrii Bilous

Colonial Microcystis’ biomass affects its shift to diatom aggregates under aeration mixing

  • Xiaodong Wang
  •  &  Xingguo Liu

Article 17 February 2024 | Open Access

Traditional potato tillage systems in the Peruvian Andes impact bacterial diversity, evenness, community composition, and functions in soil microbiomes

  • Aura L. García-Serquén
  • , Lenin D. Chumbe-Nolasco
  •  &  Dina L. Gutiérrez-Reynoso

Abiotic factors impact on oak forest decline in Lorestan Province, Western Iran

  • Saeed Mehri
  • , Ali Asghar Alesheikh
  •  &  Aynaz Lotfata

Sustainable intensification of climate-resilient maize–chickpea system in semi-arid tropics through assessing factor productivity

  • S. R. Salakinkop
  • , S. C. Talekar
  •  &  R. M. Kachapur

Diatom-mediated food web functioning under ocean artificial upwelling

  • Silvan Urs Goldenberg
  • , Carsten Spisla
  •  &  Ulf Riebesell

Article 16 February 2024 | Open Access

The influence of climatic and environmental variables on sunflower planting season suitability in Tanzania

  • John Beteri
  • , James Godfrey Lyimo
  •  &  John Victor Msinde

Impact of artisanal refining activities on bacterial diversity in a Niger Delta fallow land

  • Emmanuel Oliver Fenibo
  • , Rosina Nkuna
  •  &  Tonderayi Matambo

The nightscape of the Arctic winter shapes the diving behavior of a marine predator

  • Philippine Chambault
  • , Jonas Teilmann
  •  &  Mads Peter Heide-Jørgensen

Soil fertility impact on recruitment and diversity of the soil microbiome in sub-humid tropical pastures in Northeastern Brazil

  • Diogo Paes da Costa
  • , Thallyta das Graças Espíndola da Silva
  •  &  Erika Valente de Medeiros

Article 15 February 2024 | Open Access

Detection of prions from spiked and free-ranging carnivore feces

  • H. N. Inzalaco
  • , E. E. Brandell
  •  &  W. C. Turner

Herbivorous sea urchins ( Echinometra mathaei ) support resilience on overfished and sedimented tropical reefs

  • Caitlin R. Fong
  • , Nefertiti Smith
  •  &  Peggy Fong

Pheromonal variation and mating between two mitotypes of fall armyworm ( Spodoptera frugiperda ) in Africa

  • Birhanu Sisay
  • , Amanuel Tamiru
  •  &  Baldwyn Torto

Investigating the impacts of airborne dust on herbicide performance on Amaranthus retroflexus

  • Firouzeh Sharifi Kalyani
  • , Sirwan Babaei
  •  &  Amir Sadeghpour

Environmental and mineralogical studies on the stream sediments of Baltim–El Burullus coastal plain, North Delta, Egypt

  • A. M. Sallam
  • , A. A. Faheim
  •  &  M. Y. Hanfi

Evolutionary origin and distribution of amino acid mutations associated with resistance to sodium channel modulators in onion thrips, Thrips tabaci

  • Akiya Jouraku
  • , Yui Tomizawa
  •  &  Shoji Sonoda

Effects of landscape pattern on land surface temperature in Nanchang, China

  • , Chunqing Liu
  •  &  Qingjie Li

Article 14 February 2024 | Open Access

Airborne imagery does not preclude detectability issues in estimating bird colony size

  • Thibaut Couturier
  • , Laurie Gaillard
  •  &  Aurélien Besnard

The effect of a startle-eliciting device on the foraging success of individual harbor seals ( Phoca vitulina )

  • Kathleen A. McKeegan
  • , Kate Clayton
  •  &  Alejandro Acevedo-Gutiérrez

Spatial and economic quantification of provisioning service by eelgrass beds in Lake Notoro, Hokkaido, Japan

  • , Shiori Sonoki
  •  &  Kazushi Miyashita

Diversity of selected toll-like receptor genes in cheetahs ( Acinonyx jubatus ) and African leopards ( Panthera pardus pardus )

  • René Meißner
  • , Prudent Mokgokong
  •  &  Pamela A. Burger

Seismic landslide susceptibility assessment using principal component analysis and support vector machine

  • , Ailan Che
  •  &  Hanxu Zhou

Effects of γ-polyglutamic acid on grassland sandy soil properties and plant functional traits exposed to drought stress

  • Tomasz Skalski
  • , Ewelina Zając
  •  &  Agnieszka Ziernicka-Wojtaszek

Revealing the associated microflora hosted by the globally significant parasite Trichostrongylus colubriformis

  • Erwin A. Paz
  • , Eng Guan Chua
  •  &  Chin Yen Tay

Article 13 February 2024 | Open Access

Assessing morphological preservation of gastrointestinal parasites from fecal samples of wild capuchin monkeys ( Cebus imitator ) stored in ethanol versus formalin

  • Joelle K. Hass
  • , Megan C. Henriquez
  •  &  Amanda D. Melin

Breeding behavior analysis in a large captive colony of African penguins ( Spheniscus demersus ) and its implications for population management and conservation

  • Paweł Borecki
  • , Joanna Rosenberger
  •  &  Agnieszka Partyka

Unexpected behavioural adaptation of yellow fever mosquitoes in response to high temperatures

  • David O. H. Hug
  • , Alida Kropf
  •  &  Niels O. Verhulst

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    Overview. Ecology publishes articles that report on the basic elements of ecological research.Emphasis is placed on concise, clear articles documenting important ecological phenomena. The journal publishes a broad array of research that includes a rapidly expanding envelope of subject matter, techniques, approaches, and concepts: paleoecology through present-day phenomena; evolutionary ...

  12. Trends in Ecological Research during the Last Three Decades

    A. Domains of ecological research . The concepts of ecosystem and community have become increasingly dominant in ecological thinking. In a survey conducted among members of the British Ecological Society, ecosystem was identified as the single most important concept in ecology .More recently, the Ecological Visions Committee of the Ecological Society of America issued a report that listed ...

  13. Top 50 Ecology Topics for Academic Research Writing

    Ecology refers to the study of how ecosystems function. It refers to the relationships between living organisms and their environment. Most ecological processes occur very slowly. Sometimes, they could happen rather rapidly. Ecology remains crucial in studying ecosystems and is important for survival. Ecology Research Paper Topics

  14. Articles

    Salt marshes provide a variety of ecosystem services; however, they are vulnerable to human activity, water level fluctuations, and climate change. Analyses of the relationships between plant communities and e... Jaesang Chung, Jae Hyun Kim and Eun Ju Lee. Journal of Ecology and Environment 2021 45 :28.

  15. PDF Ecology Style: General Format for Manuscript

    "Ecology Style" refers to the citation format of the journal Ecology (published by the Ecological Society of America). It is the preferred style of the Environmental Science & Resource Management Program. This handout summarizes citation formatting for ESRM courses. ECOLOGY STYLE: GENERAL FORMAT FOR MANUSCRIPT

  16. Environmental Research: Ecology

    ISSN: 2752-664X. OPEN ACCESS. Environmental Research: Ecology is a multidisciplinary, open access journal devoted to addressing important global challenges at the interface of environmental science, large scale ecology, biodiversity and conservation in a way that bridges scientific progress and assessment with efforts relating to impacts of ...

  17. (PDF) INTRODUCTION TO ECOLOGY

    Ecology's influence in the s ocial sciences and humanities H u m a n e c o l o g y h a s b e e n a to p i c o f i n t e r es t f o r r e s e a r ch e r s , after 1920. Humans greatly

  18. Top 100 in Ecology

    30 April 2019 Top 100 in Ecology Explore our most highly accessed* ecology articles in 2018. Featuring authors from around the World, these papers highlight valuable research within...

  19. 100+ Interesting Ecology Topics for Research Papers

    100 Interesting Ecology Topics For a Research Paper Choosing the right ecology topics provides a chance for students to get the top grades. Ecology is one of the fields that have captured the attention of many people today. That's because almost everybody is interested in environmental conservation today.

  20. Ecology research community

    At PLOS, we put researchers and research first. Our expert editorial boards collaborate with reviewers to provide accurate assessment that readers can trust. Authors have a choice of journals, publishing outputs, and tools to open their science to new audiences and get credit. We collaborate to make science, and the process of publishing ...

  21. 85 Ecology Paper Topics and Informative Sources in One Place

    Table of contents hide. 1 Human ecology essay topics. 2 Marine ecology essay topics. 3 Aquatic ecology research topics. 4 Argumentative ecology topics for research papers. 5 Analytical ecology research paper topics. 6 Compare and contrast ecology research topics. 7 Ecology topics for definition essays. 8 Cause and effect ecology paper topics.

  22. 122 Impressive Ecology Topics For Every Top Scorer

    Top Ecology Research Paper Topics Discuss practical ways to curb the emission of carbon dioxide into the environment What are some of the proven methods to make the environment more sustainable? Look into how climate change impacts the evolutionary change in managed and natural biodiversity.

  23. Ecology & Environmental Sciences

    Provides access to current ecology research across a wide range of disciplines. Focuses on how organisms of all kinds - microbes, plants and animals - interact with their environments and with other organisms. Included are relevant papers on evolutionary biology, economics and systems analysis as they relate to ecosystems or the environment.

  24. Nature's Secrets: Top 200 Ecology Research Topics

    Ecology is the study of how living things interact with each other and their environment. It explores relationships between plants, animals, and their surroundings, helping us understand how nature works and how different elements in ecosystems connect. What Are The 6 Topics Studied In Ecology?

  25. Basic and Applied Ecology

    Princeton University Press (2023), by Anna Paterson, translated by 484 pages ISBN 978-0691213422 (hardcover), € 37,-. Carsten Dormann. Page 1. View PDF. Read the latest articles of Basic and Applied Ecology at ScienceDirect.com, Elsevier's leading platform of peer-reviewed scholarly literature.

  26. Ecological restoration research progress and prospects: A bibliometric

    These scholars have focused on research into landscape ecology, land use patterns and ecological processes, ecological economics and regional ecology (Fu et al., 2010, Cao et al., 2020). Other core group authors, including Pedro H. S. Brancalion, Peter Z. Fulé and James Aronson were also conspicuous in the network. ... The paper by Suding et ...

  27. Ecology

    Article 15 February 2024 | Open Access Environmental and mineralogical studies on the stream sediments of Baltim-El Burullus coastal plain, North Delta, Egypt A. M. Sallam , A. A. Faheim & M. Y....