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WebGoat: A Complete Guide Tutorial For FREE | CHECK-OUT

Last updated on 18th Jul 2020, Blog, Tutorials

  • WebGoat is a deliberately insecure J2EE web application designed to teach web application security lessons. In each lesson, users must demonstrate their understanding of a security issue by exploiting a real vulnerability in the WebGoat application.
  • For example, in one of the lessons the user must use SQL injection to steal fake credit card numbers. The application is a realistic teaching environment, providing users with hints and code to further explain the lesson.

Why the name ‘WebGoat‘? 

  • Developers should not feel bad about not knowing security. Even the best programmers make security errors. What they need is a scapegoat, right? Just blame it on the ‘Goat!

Runtime environment for OWASP WebGoat

The following picture shows the ideal local setup for running WebGoat and following the lessons. It also shows WebWolf and how OWASP Zap can be used between the browser and OWASP WebGoat.

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  • WebGoat consists of two applications that work together. One is called WebGoat and one is called WebWolf. WebWolf depends on WebGoat and requires that WebGoat is started first.
  • Both WebGoat and WebWolf are runnable jar files. Make sure the following ports are available: 80, 8080, 9090, 9001 when running locally.
  • There are several options to run WebGoat (and WebWolf):
  • Fork/Clone the repository, checkout the develop branch, build the artifacts using Java 11 and Maven 3.6+, and run the archives. mvn clean install
  • java -jar webgoat-server/target/webgoat-server-v8.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

#then in another shell

java -jar webwolf/target/webwolf-v8.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar

Download the released and build jar files and run using Java 11

Standalone WebGoat 8.0

Use the all-in-one docker container which contains a reverse proxy and both WebGoat and WebWolf which start in the correct order

Docker WebGoat 8.0

docker run -d -p 80:8888 -p 8080:8080 -p 9090:9090 -e TZ=Europe/Amsterdam webgoat/goatandwolf:latest

Installing Java

WebGoat requires installation of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). If you already have Java installed, it is worth updating to the latest version to avoid any possible issues.

First, update the package index:

sudo apt-get update

Then install the JRE by running this command:

sudo apt-get install default-jre

To check the Java version after installing the package:

java -version

Installing WebGoat

Download and install the latest version of WebGoat Server to a suitable location, such as your Downloads folder.

All releases can be found here: https://github.com/WebGoat/WebGoat/releases

The latest version (at the time of writing) is: webgoat-server-8.0.0.M23.jar

wget https://github.com/WebGoat/WebGoat/releases/download/v8.0.0.M23/webgoat-server-8.0.0.M23.jar

To start the WebGoat Server:

java -jar webgoat-server-8.0.0.M23.jar

Note: if using Java 9 or higher you might need to start WebGoat as follows (update version number as required):

java –add-modules java.xml.bind -jar webgoat-server-8.0.0.M23.jar

You will see the following message when WebGoat has started successfully:

Note: if you wish to run WebGoat on an alternate port and address, you can do so with the following options:

java -jar webgoat-server-8.0.0.M23.jar [–server.port=8080] [–server.address=localhost]

Accessing the WebGoat Interface

To access the WebGoat interface, open your browser and navigate to:

You will then be presented with the WebGoat login screen:

To access the lessons and challenges you will need to select ‘Register new user’ and create a login.

Get Webgoat Ethical Hacking Training from Certified Faculty

  • Instructor-led Sessions
  • Real-life Case Studies
  • Assignments

Note the terms of use when creating a new user:

  • While running this program your machine will be extremely vulnerable to attack. You should disconnect from the Internet while using this program. WebGoat’s default configuration binds to localhost to minimize the exposure.
  • This program is for educational purposes only. If you attempt these techniques without authorization, you are very likely to get caught. If you are caught engaging in unauthorized hacking, most companies will fire you. Claiming that you were doing security research will not work as that is the first thing that all hackers claim.

Once you are logged in, then it’s time to get started:

Conclusion:

  • Learning the basic techniques necessary to secure web applications is absolutely essential for professional web developers. The OWASP project and especially the WebGoat are great resources for doing exactly that. Especially in the field of web security, learning how to hack can be greatly beneficial for anyone aspiring to improve their skills in web security.
  • But you don’t have to take my word for it, Michael Coates, Chief Information Security Officer at Twitter, in his great talk Applications Through an Attacker’s Lens at InfoQ, mentioned WebGoat and OWASP’s Security Shepherd as some of the best ways to learn how to hack in a safe environment.
  • So if you’re interested in improving your web security skills, I encourage you to start out by hacking the WebGoat! ~:)

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Writing What I Want

Solving the Assignment in the OWASP WebGoat Crypto Basics Signature Lesson

So I’ve been playing around with the OWASP WebGoat project .

The WebGoat Logo

The WebGoat Logo

WebGoat is a web application with a Java Spring back-end. Its purpose is to teach - through a series of interactive lessons - vulnerabilities in web applications, particularly those with Java back-ends. As such, it is deliberately insecure.

I was chugging along with the lessons just fine until I reached the assignment on cryptographic signatures in the Crypto Basics section.

Screenshot of the Cryptographic Signatures Lesson in the Crypto Basics Section

Screenshot of the Cryptographic Signatures Lesson in the Crypto Basics Section

Now, I understand what cryptographic signatures are. They’re a way of verifying that data hasn’t been modified since it was signed. Typically it’s a hash of the data that has been encrypted using a private key and verifiable with a public key.

What confused me was what format they wanted the answer to be in.

For context, here’s the assignment:

Assignment Here is a simple assignment. A private RSA key is sent to you. Determine the modulus of the RSA key as a hex string, and calculate a signature for that hex string using the key. The exercise requires some experience with OpenSSL. You can search on the Internet for useful commands and/or use the HINTS button to get some tips. Now suppose you have the following private key: -----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY----- 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 -----END PRIVATE KEY----- Then what was the modulus of the public key and now provide a signature for us based on that modulus post the answer

Ok, I’m a little confused. I know they want the modulus of the RSA as a hex string but what format do they want the signature in? Bits? Also a hex string? Maybe even a Base64 string - after all, one of the previous lessons covered Base64.

Let’s experiment. What happens if I click the post the answer without entering anything?

It turns out it outputs the following error: The modulus is not correct

Ok, let’s see if I can figure out the modulus (remember - as a hex string!) and see if it tells me anything different.

I want to use OpenSSL , however, since I’m running Windows, I don’t have it immediately available on the command line.

However, I’m running WebGoat in a Docker container . Which is in a Linux container. Which means I can go into the terminal of the WebGoat container and use OpenSSL. No extra installation required.

In case you’re wondering, here are the commands to run WebGoat in a Docker container: docker pull webgoat/webgoat-8.0 docker run -p 8080:8080 -t webgoat/webgoat-8.0

Inside the terminal, I copied the key with some echo commands:

And then ran the following openssl command to get the modulus:

There’s quite a bit of output, but what I’m interested in is this first part:

That most certainly looks like hex code - I’m only seeing numbers and the letters a through f . But if I copy that as-is into the modulus input box, I get another The modulus is not correct error.

It turns out I need to remove those pesky colons and white spaces - so instead I insert the following:

This time I get a different error: The signature does not match the data (modulus)

Yay - now I’m halfway through! I just need to provide a signature based on that modulus .

So I put the modulus into a file like I did the key:

And then try to sign the file like:

But when I paste the result (and just the hex bit) into the signature field, I just get another The signature does not match the data (modulus) message.

I even tried to convert the hex to a base64 string, or a binary string, and still got the same error. I even tried signing the modulus by piping it in instead of via a file, but it just gave me the same signature:

At this point, I have no idea if I’m doing the signature wrong (and if I am, please tell me what I’m doing wrong in the comments!) or if I’m simply not providing the right format that WebGoat wants.

It’s time to open up WebGoat and to figure this out.

Fortunately for me, I don’t have to extract WebGoat from the Docker container - the source code for WebGoat is available on GitHub .

As for where in the source code I need to look, WebGoat provides this useful bit of info in the log:

The log leads me to SigningAssignment.java - but more importantly to CryptoUtil.java. CryptoUtil.java has a signMessage method that returns a String - a String that I suspect is in the format that the lesson wants the answer.

So I made a short Java program to output that String signature:

And then copy-paste the signature into the answer text box, clicked on the button, and got the following message: Congratulations. You found it!

By the way, here’s the signature - in Base64. I don’t know what I needed to do to get this from OpenSSL: a0W78/05PoLBMPCBSTJiqyaEVkGvfoE8vVVMs0DB/p2GpZD5OHsQbHq59fCliXBjAZydSD4lNBccUpfxkPF1vyAMBBr0mqh+aZ9U/1JCKafn67CIA1xH7Kpllmw/ZIUtFQzIj8O34dVnLs1OWf03NXt3dWWXKLA6Emo4xytfWSnjIRvP0UTePfljDbCtyavAt7ReSu67QPaUPZdrkddczmq02klMPvosMHzdOgYn1j1UnAmWV/EKgNTIUkk3GhFPOKkBvc3kG6ZsqKiLVMQZQddaOR7smMcYH/21cVnMpQ1VqE/6bYd+nN7zPo5JLPqTmGPmsOjh+EMjKt1X2OchlQ==

Onto the next lesson!

2 comments for Solving the Assignment in the OWASP WebGoat Crypto Basics Signature Lesson

avatar for Steve

I had to use echo -n with the colon-less hex blurb in quotes, pipe it to what you have exactly with exception of the -hex, then pipe to base64

**99% of this came from the hints as they probably thought most of us would have issues with this concept.

Reply to This Thread

avatar for Andre Combrinck

Thanks for the guidance. I was banging my head. I thought I’ll share the method that does not need find and replace in a separate text editor.

openssl pkey -in lesson6.key -pubout -out public.key openssl rsa -in public.key -pubin -modulus -noout

Copy the text after Modulus= to the first text box.

Leave a Reply

writing new lesson webgoat

OWASP WebGoat XSS lessons

I recently installed  WebGoat , a deliberately vulnerable web app with built-in lessons. While some of the lessons are very easy, they quickly rise to a much higher difficulty. Even though the app does explain the basic concepts, the explanations are nowhere good enough to solve the exercises provided.

In this post I’ll focus on the Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) lessons, which I was recently able to solve.

After having installed WebGoat, you may want to access it from another client. You can do this by launching it with the –server.address=x.x.x.x parameter. Also, if you don’t want to reconfigure Burp or ZAP, –server.port=8081 allows you to run WebGoat on a different port from the default 8080 which these proxies normally use.

The first 2 XSS lessons are pretty straight-forward and I won’t talk about them (however, see here ). However, on lesson 10 I started having difficulties: I didn’t really understand what they were asking for (“what is the route for the test code that stayed in the app during production”)? Turns out you have to dig through the javascript source code and look for some kind of test code. The first time you answer incorrectly you’ll get a hint on where to look. The difficulty for me was in finding out exactly the answer they wanted. Looking in GoatRouter.js (as the hint suggests), you’ll find the following key/value pairs:

routes: { ‘welcome’: ‘welcomeRoute’, ‘lesson/:name’: ‘lessonRoute’, ‘lesson/:name/:pageNum’: ‘lessonPageRoute’, ‘test/:param’: ‘testRoute’, ‘reportCard’: ‘reportCard’

Try playing around with these routes; as the lesson suggests, the base route for the lesson is start.mvc#lesson/ . What is the route for reportCard? Try accessing start.mvc#reportCard . Now for the test code: Of the 5 routes we have in the above code, it’s obviously the ‘test/:param’:’testRoute’ part we are interested in. How does this translate as a base route? If the lesson base route is start.mvc#lesson/ , it should follow the same premise. Forget about the :param and testRoute part, we won’t need that until later.

Lesson 11 is where things start to get really interesting. Having identified the base route for the test code, we are now asked to run the code. Try accessing the test code in the browser (base route + parameters as seen in GoatRouter.js).

Now that’s interesting. It seems as if what we wrote in the URL gets reflected in the page. Try writing something else after test/ , like the classic <script>alert(1)</script> :

Remember to URL-encode the / in </script>, or it won’t work (as %2F).

So we now know that the parameters after the base route get reflected in the page. Since the reflected part never gets sent to the server, this is DOM-based XSS. However, in this mission we are not interested in getting a pop-up, but in running the phoneHome test code and getting its output from the browser console (Firefox: right-click -> Inspect Element -> Console). So how do we run the code? If <script>alert()… allow us to get a pop-up box, which tags allow us to run javascript code (stop reading here if you want to figure out the rest yourself)?

One possible way is:

start.mvc#test/<script>webgoat.customjs.phoneHome();<%2Fscript>

Run this, and look in the console.log:

‘phone home said {“lessonCompleted”:true,”feedback”:”Congratulations. You have successfully completed the assignment.”,”output”:”phoneHome Response is -1798806219″}’

The ‘Response’ is obviously the answer to the mission.

Lesson 13 is a continuation of what we learned in lesson 11. This time you are the evil hacker trying to steal everyone else’s session on a message board. Or rather, you want to insert a stored bit of XSS that other potential users will inadvertently execute. I had a lot of trouble with this mission, and even though I believe I’ve solved it the way they want me to, it still shows as unsolved in the stats. After a lot of trial and error I tried inserting the base javascript webgoat.customjs.phoneHome() into a message using the <embed src=””> tag. There are other ways to execute it, like <script src=”javascript:webgoat.customjs.phoneHome();”></script> . They all pretty much do the same thing, execute the javascript and generate a new mission Response code.

As I said, even though I input the code in the mission and the page says “Yes, that is the correct value”, it still shows as unsolved in the mission stats. The lesson link however is green, as in a solved mission. A bug?

This YouTube video  by  Lim Jet Wee  might be helpful for lesson 10. 

2 thoughts on “OWASP WebGoat XSS lessons”

' src=

On lesson 13, just use: < script >javascript:webgoat.customjs.phoneHome(); < /script >

' src=

alert (“hacked”)

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Getting Started with WebGoat

A quick-start guide to installing WebGoat, a deliberately insecure web application designed to teach web application security.

Christopher Heaney

Christopher Heaney

WebGoat is a deliberately insecure web application which is designed to teach web application security and is maintained by OWASP . The latest release (version 8) has been significantly improved to explain vulnerabilities such as SQL Injection and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and contains lessons that allow users to demonstrate their understanding by exploiting vulnerabilities in the application. Descriptions of possible mitigation scenarios are also provided.

Installing Java

WebGoat requires installation of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). If you already have Java installed, it is worth updating to the latest version to avoid any possible issues.

First, update the package index:

Then install the JRE by running this command:

To check the Java version after installing the package:

Installing WebGoat

Download and install the latest version of WebGoat Server to a suitable location, such as your Downloads folder.

All releases can be found here: https://github.com/WebGoat/WebGoat/releases

The latest version (at the time of writing) is: webgoat-server-8.0.0.M23.jar

To start the WebGoat Server:

Note: if using Java 9 or higher you might need to start WebGoat as follows (update version number as required):

You will see the following message when WebGoat has started successfully:

writing new lesson webgoat

Note : if you wish to run WebGoat on an alternate port and address, you can do so with the following options:

Accessing the WebGoat Interface

To access the WebGoat interface, open your browser and navigate to:

You will then be presented with the WebGoat login screen:

writing new lesson webgoat

To access the lessons and challenges you will need to select ' Register new user ' and create a login.

Note the terms of use when creating a new user:

While running this program your machine will be extremely vulnerable to attack. You should disconnect from the Internet while using this program. WebGoat's default configuration binds to localhost to minimize the exposure.
This program is for educational purposes only. If you attempt these techniques without authorization, you are very likely to get caught. If you are caught engaging in unauthorized hacking, most companies will fire you. Claiming that you were doing security research will not work as that is the first thing that all hackers claim.

Once you are logged in, then it's time to get started:

writing new lesson webgoat

Please feel free to contact me via Twitter and thanks for reading.

writing new lesson webgoat

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WebGoat Tutorial

WebGoat Tutorial

Last updated on 29th Sep 2020, Blog, Tutorials

writing new lesson webgoat

WebGoat is a deliberately insecure J2EE web application designed to teach web application security lessons. In each lesson, users must demonstrate their understanding of a security issue by exploiting a real vulnerability in the WebGoat application. For example, in one of the lessons the user must use SQL injection to steal fake credit card numbers. The application is a realistic teaching environment, providing users with hints and code to further explain the lesson.

Why the name ‘WebGoat‘?

Developers should not feel bad about not knowing security. Even the best programmers make security errors. What they need is a scapegoat, right? Just blame it on the ‘Goat!

Runtime environment for OWASP WebGoat

The following picture shows the ideal local setup for running WebGoat and following the lessons. It also shows WebWolf and how OWASP Zap can be used between the browser and OWASP WebGoat.

WebGoat-Environment

WebGoat consists of two applications that work together. One is called WebGoat and one is called WebWolf. WebWolf depends on WebGoat and requires that WebGoat is started first.

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Both WebGoat and WebWolf are runnable jar files. Make sure the following ports are available: 80, 8080, 9090, 9001 when running locally.

There are several options to run WebGoat (and WebWolf):

Fork/Clone the repository, checkout the develop branch, build the artifacts using Java 11 and Maven 3.6+, and run the archives.

  • mvn clean install
  • java -jar webgoat-server/target/webgoat-server-v8.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
  • #then in another shell
  • java -jar webwolf/target/webwolf-v8.0.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
  • Download the released and build jar files and run using Java 11
  • Standalone WebGoat 8.0
  • Use the all-in-one docker container which contains a reverse proxy and both WebGoat and WebWolf which start in the correct order
  • Docker WebGoat 8.0
  • docker run -d -p 80:8888 -p 8080:8080 -p 9090:9090 -e TZ=Europe/Amsterdam webgoat/goatandwolf:latest

As you’re getting a handle on the type of testing and skills that are required to do this sort of work, it’s helpful to have a place where you can do some playing. And not only do some playing but maybe learn some things along the way. WebGoat is a pretty good project that’s maintained by The Open Web Application Security Project or OWASP.

Now WebGoat, as you can see here, it’s a deliberately insecure J2EE web application. That’s Java for an enterprise. And they’ve built this web application. So that you can do some practicing with the different types of attacks and it will walk you through how you would perform the attack and lead you along the path of doing the exploration and the testing and the playing that you need in order to build up your skills in these particular areas.

So, you can see that we’ve got some hints and we can look at parameters and cookies and look at the source code. So, they do a pretty good job of leading you through these lessons, and that’s really how it’s sort of structured.

Now, if you want to get a copy of WebGoat, you would go to the site with OWASP. And sometimes it’s a little hard to dig around through all of the links that they’ve got, in this case, we just go to downloads, and it’s going to take me to the OWASP download page. And then I’ve got to find OWASP web goat which is over here. And it leads me back there. And they said it could be a little difficult to find where it’s downloaded.

In this case, I had to scroll down through the page and find the download link there, even though there was a download on the left-hand side. The organization of the site can be challenging.

So, here’s where we are with the downloads. And what I want to do is just download, in this case, it runs on Win32 or I could get the war file, and that should run on most Operating systems that have Java. So I could run the war file on Linux for example or under Mac OX, so this is where I would go get WebGoat and WebGoat as I said is pretty good for.

Having a place to play around with a safe sandbox, where you can learn some of these techniques in more detail. Practice them, hands-on and get some experience doing that.

Practicing Web Application Attacks

It’s helpful to have a place where you can practice web application attacks. WebGoat happens to be one of them. There are several places where you can get damaged sites that you can use. So, Foundstone, for example, used to have several Microsoft based websites. And I believe they still do.

One of them was called Hacme Bank as an example. Here’s one though called Damn Vulnerable Web Application and you could download this, install it onto a web server.

And then once you log in It gives you some places where you can perform some attacks. Now, there are instructions here, and it tells you how it works and how you would go about installing it.

And there’s a video on YouTube for how you would go about installing it. So Once you’ve got it installed, you can go about doing things like these particular types of attacks like there’s a force attack as an example and command execution. The sequel injection attacks and we’ve got cross-age scripting so there lots of different things that you can do with.

The Damn Vulnerable Web Application in addition to the WebGoat that we have briefly looked at as well. So just some different sandboxes that you can use to practice and enhance your skills to test web applications. This happens to be a pretty good one. The one advantage to WebGoat over this I would say would be that WebGoat will lead you through or will provide hints.

Now, there are more info links here if you want to go read up on how these things work. But they give you an overview of The vulnerability rather than leading you through actually how to exploit it within this particular site; we’re just something WebGo will do. It will lead you through how you would exploit a particular vulnerability within that application framework.

But, here’s another application that you can use in order to practice your skills. It’s DVWA, and you can download it. It’s a pretty good framework for doing practicing attacks against web applications.

Basics of Webgoat

At this point, we’ve got WebGo downloaded, and I’ve unzipped it here, and I’m going to get it started up. So, I’m in the WebGo directory and let’s take a look at what’s here. First of all, there is a Java directory and Tomcat directory because ultimately WebGo is A Java-based application, and it runs inside a Java application server, which is Tom Cat here. I’ve got a pair batch file.

The first will start Webgoat on port 80, and the second will start Webgoat on port 8080. Now I’ve also got a shell script here. Which is going to give me the ability to start it on port 80 or port 8080. So what I want to do here is I want to run webgoat, and I’m going to start 8080 because I want to run it on port 8080. It’s a Ports that doesn’t require administrative privileges. So you can see the server startup here, and we’ve got it all running now.

Now I can go to port 8080 and what I want to do is go to /WebGoat/attack. And it’s going to ask me to log in, and you may have noticed when we stated up the server, it gave a username and password, and that’s guest, guest. So, I’m going to use that to log in.

Now, I’m actually inside of Web Goat, and I can start it up, and that’s going to bring me to the user interface. That we use to work with WebGoat. So on the left-hand side, we’ve got all of the different attack vectors we can use. We’ve got some functionality on the top here where we’ve got hints, and we can take a look at parameters and cookies. And there’s a lesson plan. We can also take a look at the Java.

For a particular page. So, right here is the Java that we’ve got. I’m going to shut FireBug off because I don’t need that thing there. And we can take a look at all of the Java that is implemented inside of this page. So, we’ve got a lot of tools that are going to give us the ability to work through a lot of these lessons and get a better handle on. How each of these work. And as I said we could get hints as we go along. And that will give us some guidance if we’re a little stuck on maybe how to proceed forward.

Now the tools that we’ve downloaded so far for example Temperdata are going to be helpful as we work through some of these things. You may also find it useful to have a proxy like Burp Suite or the Zed Attack Proxy or something like that so you can intercept requests and do some manipulation with them.

So, that’s how we get WebGoat started. That’s all of the different ways that we can interface with it, and we’ll take a look at actually working through some of the lessons coming up.

Working Through Lessons

So we’ve got WebGoat up and running, and we looked through how we would get it started up under Windows or a UNIX-like operating system. And I’ve logged in at this point; now I’m inside the WebGoat interface. And you’ll see on the left-hand side here all of the different Lessons that available within WebGoat, and you’ll get a little check mark when you complete them. So the introduction is just a set of static pages that give you some idea of how WebGoat works, and some tools that you may be able to use.

So, the very first one is just HTTP basics, and you’ll see we can take a look at hints, and it says, type in your name and press go, and I’ve got some parameters there, which I can Toggle on and off based on clicking the show Parum button up top. I can also do show Cookies, where we’ve got the session ID, and what I can do at this point is just type my name in. And press go. And I’ve completed the lesson because what the lesson was looking for here was just, let’s get familiar with the interface. So we wanted to take a look at hints and parameters and cookies.

Course Curriculum

Get Webgoat Ethical Hacking Training from Certified Faculty

  • Instructor-led Sessions
  • Real-life Case Studies
  • Assignments

Now I can move on to something like HTTP splitting. So the very first thing That we want to do is be able to split an HTTP response and get some different interaction with the server based on that. And you can see we get a little bit of hint here; you can use the carriage return and line feed. And if you want, we could do some more hints. And you can keep plugging through hints. You never actually get to the point where you get the actual answer in the hints, and sometimes the hints aren’t even really that useful to get you to the full final stage. But they’re a good starting point. Now we can take a look at access control flaws.

There are some labs here where we’ve got multiple stages; we’ve got Remote Admin Access, AJAX Security, Authentication Flaws like Password Strength here, for example. And this one is going to send us to another page so that we can test password strength. And then all you’ve gotta do is plug the answer in. So, I can also do some attacks against basic authentication, and this is getting us used to HTTP, so it’s going to ask for the name of the authentication header.

And again, here’s where something like Hack bar as an example would be useful because we can do some encoding with it. We’re going to get a header here. It’s going to be encoded. We need to decode it, so the hack bar is really good for that. So cross-site scripting, you can see stored cross-site scripting. We could do something here. And it looks like the login field is potentially vulnerable to some stored cross-site scripting. And that something that you need to work through and figure out how you’d exploit that vulnerability.

So you can see there is a lot of Different lessons in WebGoat and again you can do hands in, it gives you ways of looking at parameters and cookies without actually using something like tempered data or the Zed attack proxy or burps weed or something like that which would also give you the ability To look at parameters and cookies and session IDs and so on.

So again, web goat’s good for just getting some practice and seeing how all of these different vulnerabilities work on a system that is designed to have these vulnerabilities be able to be exploited.

And, it’s something where you can do it ethically without going against somebody’s server and potentially causing some disruption to a real site and cause some downtime for a real business and its users.

Installing Java

WebGoat requires installation of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). If you already have Java installed, it is worth updating to the latest version to avoid any possible issues.

First, update the package index:

  • sudo apt-get update

Then install the JRE by running this command:

  • sudo apt-get install default-jre

To check the Java version after installing the package:

  • java -version

Installing WebGoat

Download and install the latest version of WebGoat Server to a suitable location, such as your Downloads folder.

All releases can be found here: https://github.com/WebGoat/WebGoat/releases

The latest version (at the time of writing) is: webgoat-server-8.0.0.M23.jar

  • https://github.com/WebGoat/WebGoat/releases/download/v8.0.0.M23/webgoat-server-8.0.0.M23.jar

To start the WebGoat Server:

  • java -jar webgoat-server-8.0.0.M23.jar

Note: if using Java 9 or higher you might need to start WebGoat as follows (update version number as required):

  • java –add-modules java.xml.bind -jar webgoat-server-8.0.0.M23.jar

You will see the following message when WebGoat has started successfully:

WebGoat-Server

Note: if you wish to run WebGoat on an alternate port and address, you can do so with the following options:

  • java -jar webgoat-server-8.0.0.M23.jar [–server.port=8080] [–server.address=localhost]

Accessing the WebGoat Interface

To access the WebGoat interface, open your browser and navigate to:

You will then be presented with the WebGoat login screen:

WebGoat-Login

To access the lessons and challenges you will need to select ‘ Register new user ‘ and create a login.

Note the terms of use when creating a new user:

While running this program your machine will be extremely vulnerable to attack. You should disconnect from the Internet while using this program. WebGoat’s default configuration binds to localhost to minimize the exposure.

This program is for educational purposes only. If you attempt these techniques without authorization, you are very likely to get caught. If you are caught engaging in unauthorized hacking, most companies will fire you. Claiming that you were doing security research will not work as that is the first thing that all hackers claim.

Once you are logged in, then it’s time to get started:

WebGoat-Two

Conclusion:

Learning the basic techniques necessary to secure web applications is absolutely essential for professional web developers. The OWASP project and especially the WebGoat are great resources for doing exactly that. Especially in the field of web security, learning how to hack can be greatly beneficial for anyone aspiring to improve their skills in web security.

But you don’t have to take my word for it, Michael Coates, Chief Information Security Officer at Twitter, in his great talk Applications Through an Attacker’s Lens at InfoQ, mentioned WebGoat and OWASP’s Security Shepherd as some of the best ways to learn how to hack in a safe environment.

So if you’re interested in improving your web security skills, I encourage you to start out by hacking the WebGoat! ~:)

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Webgoat通关流程.

writing new lesson webgoat

WebGoat 8.1 靶场 刷题通关教程全攻略 - General

writing new lesson webgoat

WebGoat 8.1 刷题通关教程全攻略 - General

Http basics, 3. the quiz.

  • HTTP Proxies
  • 6. Intercept and modify a request
  • Developer Tools
  • 4. Try It! Using the console
  • 6. Try It! Working with the Network tab
  • Crypto Basiscs
  • 2. Base64 Encoding
  • 3. Other Encoding
  • 4. Plain Hashing
  • 6. Signatures
  • 8. Assignment
  • 相对巧妙(偷懒)的default_secret获取方法
  • 直接拿到root身份shell
  • 直接将/root文件夹整体拷出
  • Writing new lesson
  • 6. Add an assignment to your lesson

通过浏览器的开发者工具或代理抓包软件观察在输入框输入“name ”后点击 “Go” 按钮发出的POST请求与收到的响应。

在这里插入图片描述

通过上一步知道使用了 POST,而从之前的请求和响应中无法找到

writing new lesson webgoat

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writing new lesson webgoat

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AbstractLesson needs good error handling to help newbees writing new lessons #69

@nbaars

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IMAGES

  1. WebGoat 8

    writing new lesson webgoat

  2. Learning Web Security Basics with WebGoat

    writing new lesson webgoat

  3. OWASP WebGoat: General

    writing new lesson webgoat

  4. Lesson plan writing service. How to Write Lesson Plan Objectives (with

    writing new lesson webgoat

  5. SSRF what is ifconfig.pro? · Issue #847 · WebGoat/WebGoat · GitHub

    writing new lesson webgoat

  6. OWASP WebGoat SQL advanced lesson 5

    writing new lesson webgoat

VIDEO

  1. Owasp

  2. Webgoat (A1) Spoofing an Authentication Cookie

  3. Install Web Goat Episod

  4. Webgoat: Cross-site scripting [LAB Stage 3: Stored XSS Revisited]

  5. OWASP

  6. WebGoat

COMMENTS

  1. GitHub

    Code README Lessons for WebGoat This repository contains all the lessons for the WebGoat container. Every lesson is packaged as a separate jar file which can be placed into a running WebGoat server. Creating a new plugin Building Run mvn package in the top level directory to build all the plugins.

  2. WebGoat: A Complete Guide Tutorial

    WebGoat is a deliberately insecure J2EE web application designed to teach web application security lessons. In each lesson, users must demonstrate their understanding of a security issue by exploiting a real vulnerability in the WebGoat application.

  3. OWASP WebGoat: General

    Kamal S · Follow 4 min read · Feb 6, 2022 This blog will help in solving lessons available in OWASP WebGoat: General — HTTP Basics, HTTP Proxies & Developer Tools section. Lesson links -...

  4. OWASP WebGoat

    Lessons Start WebWolf OWASP WebGoat Learn the hack - Stop the attack WebGoat is a deliberately insecure application that allows interested developers just like you to test vulnerabilities commonly found in Java-based applications that use common and popular open source components. Description

  5. PDF WebGoat evaluation and lesson development

    WebGoat contains several lessons which belong to the same type or domain of attack, for example there is around dozens of AJAX-based and Injection-type attack vectors to learn which are variations on the same underlaying flaw.

  6. Solving the Assignment in the OWASP WebGoat Crypto Basics Signature Lesson

    WebGoat is a web application with a Java Spring back-end. Its purpose is to teach - through a series of interactive lessons - vulnerabilities in web applications, particularly those with Java back-ends. As such, it is deliberately insecure.

  7. OWASP Developer Guide

    7.4 WebGoat. The OWASP WebGoat project is a deliberately insecure web application that can be used to attack common application vulnerabilities in a safe environment. It can also be used to exercise application security tools, such as OWASP ZAP, to practice scanning and identifying the various vulnerabilities built into WebGoat.. WebGoat is a well established OWASP project and achieved Lab ...

  8. OWASP WebGoat XSS lessons

    August 15, 2018 April 4, 2021 I recently installed WebGoat, a deliberately vulnerable web app with built-in lessons. While some of the lessons are very easy, they quickly rise to a much higher difficulty. Even though the app does explain the basic concepts, the explanations are nowhere good enough to solve the exercises provided.

  9. Getting Started with WebGoat

    WebGoat is a deliberately insecure web application which is designed to teach web application security and is maintained by OWASP.The latest release (version 8) has been significantly improved to explain vulnerabilities such as SQL Injection and Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and contains lessons that allow users to demonstrate their understanding by exploiting vulnerabilities in the application.

  10. PDF Introduction to Cross Site Scripting using WebGoat

    Select the link for WebGoat, then the link for "OWASP Source Code Center at Sourceforge" to get to the download area for the Windows version of WebGoat. Download Windows_WebGoat-5.0_Release.zip and save it to your local drive. Double-click the .zip file and copy the WebGoat-5.0 folder to wherever you like on your system.

  11. Moving towards new Spring version (new lessons) #233

    Wiki Moving towards new Spring version (new lessons) #233 Closed nbaars opened this issue on Apr 9, 2016 · 2 comments Contributor nbaars commented on Apr 9, 2016 Move away from ECS. Move away from using JSP files for the lessons (horrible with classloading) Move to Java 8 Move to Tomcat 8

  12. WebGoat Tutorial

    WebGoat is a deliberately insecure J2EE web application designed to teach web application security lessons. In each lesson, users must demonstrate their understanding of a security issue by exploiting a real vulnerability in the WebGoat application.

  13. PDF System Security Group Project #2

    You'll notice that there are lessons and assignments in WebGoat. Lessons are the links on the left-hand menu. Assignments are usually numbered in red and require you to solve the puzzle. There are 101 ... (such as the assignment embedded in the lesson "Writing new lesson"). If you are stuck . You have a couple of options. Sometimes there ...

  14. Plugin Architecture

    The core distribution should include one or two examples that are suitable for copying as a starting point for a new lesson. A system property 'WebGoat-Plugins-dir' allows the user to specify where the 'plugins' directory is. If found, Webgoat will use that folder for lessons. On startup, it will expand core lessons into that folder ...

  15. webgoat通关流程

    webgoat通关流程 附带全通关传送门: https://www.cnblogs.com/lusuo/p/17825090.html HTTP Basics 第一关(主要是介绍一些概念) 概念 这个课程介绍了理解浏览器和Web应用程序之间数据传输的基础知识,以及如何使用HTTP代理捕获请求/响应。 目标 用户应该通过操作上面的按钮来熟悉WebGoat的功能,以查看提示、显示HTTP请求参数、HTTP请求cookie和Java源代码。 您还可以尝试第一次使用OWASP Zed Attack Proxy。 HTTP工作原理 所有HTTP交互都遵循相同的一般格式。 每个客户端请求和服务器响应都有三个部分:请求或响应行、头部部分和实体正文。 客户端启动一个事务如下:

  16. WebGoat SQL injection mitigation lessons 5 6 9 10

    Sep 10, 2020 A few quick lessons WebGoat SQL injection mitigation lesson 5 All you need to know to solve this is somewhere between mitigation lessons 1 to 4, these are the solutions for...

  17. WebGoat 8.1 靶场 刷题通关教程全攻略

    6. Try It! Working with the Network tab Crypto Basiscs 2. Base64 Encoding 3. Other Encoding 4. Plain Hashing 6. Signatures 8. Assignment 相对巧妙(偷懒)的default_secret获取方法 直接拿到root身份shell 直接将/root文件夹整体拷出 Writing new lesson 6. Add an assignment to your lesson

  18. WebGoat Session Hijacking Tutorial: An In-Depth Guide

    Join me as we delve into the world of WebGoat and learn the ins and outs of session hijacking. In this tutorial, we will explore the technique, discuss its r...

  19. WebGoat JWT tokens 4 5. WebGoat JWT tokens 4

    Second test, lesson completed. Get rid of the equal signs from the base64 encoding, add a "." to delimit the end of the JWT payload section and no signature section at all, and the lesson is completed. WebGoat JWT tokens 5

  20. Issue with lesson validation · Issue #619 · WebGoat/WebGoat

    12: Not sure if I understood clearly the lesson, did not read the article deeply, but neither the XML in the lesson nor the one in webgoat-lessons/sol.txt work. Both return a Trying to deserialize null object. (A8:2013) Request Forgery - Cross-Site Request Forgery. 7: Lesson number does not turn green on validation.

  21. WebGoat Client Side lessons

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