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International Business Management Question Papers

Sample Question papers of International Business Management for MBA, MMM, PGDM, BBA and other management Students. We hope these IBM model question papers will help students to get an idea about the pattern of Question Papers. We have referred previous years Pune University questions papers to create these sample sets.

Ref. SPPU/M’9

Table of Contents

Instructions for Candidates

I) Section-II (case study) is compulsory. 2) Attempt any three questions from section-I. 3) Each question from section-I carries 15 marks and section-II (case study) carries 25 marks.

SECTION – I

Q1) What are the barriers to internation~l trade? List and explain all the types of barriers to international trade.

Q2) Explain the concept of country risk analysis. Comment on socio-economic risk and its management.

Q3) What do you mean by Multi-National Enterprises? Explain all t~e advantages and disadvantages of MNEs from the point of view of MNEs as well as the host country.

Q4) What are the various methods of payment available for settlement of international trade? Explain the working of a letter of credit and list all the types of L/Cs.

Q5) Write short notes on any three:

a) International Monetary Fund.

b) WTO Ministerial Conferences.

c) International market selection.

d) 2004-09 EXIM Policy.

e) Global sourcing and its impact on an Indian Industry.

SECTION – II

Q6) CASE STUDY

Gillette Targets Emerging Markets’

As it entered the twenty-first century, Gillette faced a difficult choice. Should it continue targeting emerging markets or not? Its strategy to move aggressively into markets in the developing world and the former Soviet bloc had been hailed as a success only a few years before. Recent poor earnings, however, had management considering whether this choice had been a wise one.

The Boston-based firm was founded in 1895 and is still best known for its original products, razors and razor blades. By the end of the twentieth cent~ry, Gillette had grown into a global corporation that marketed. its products in 200 countries and employed 44,000 people worldwide. About 1.2 billion people use Gillette products every day. Its sales are about equally distributed among the United States (30 per cent), Western Europe (35 per cent), and the rest of the world (35 per cent).

As markets matured in developing countries, Gillette sought growth through product diversification, moving into lines such as home permanents, disposable lighters, ballpoint pens, and batteries. In the mid-1990s, Gillette targeted several key emerging markets for growth. Among them were Russia, China, India and Poland.

Russia was already a success story. Gillette had formed a Russian joint venture in St.Petersburg and within 3 years Russia had become Gillette’s third-largest blade market.

Gillette’s move into the Czech Republic had prospered as well and in 1995 Gillette bought Astra, a 10caI; privately-owned razor blade company. Astra gave Gillette expanded brand presence in the Czech market. Astra’s relatively strong position in export markets ~n East Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia proved a boon to Gillette in those markets as well. Jus.t as in other markets in the developing world, 70 per cent of East European blade .consumers used the older, lower-tech double-edge blade. In more developed markets, consumers appreciated product innovation and the shaving market had moved to more high-tech systems such as Gillettes Sensor.)

Then disaster struck. A financial crisis that began in Thailand quickly spread across Asia. Many wary investors responded by pulling money out of other emerging markets as well as depressing economies across the globe. Bad economies meant slower sales for Gillette, especially in Asia, Russia and Latin America. In Russia, wholesalers could not afford to buy Gillette products. Consequently, these products disappeared from retail stores and Gillette’s Russian sales plummeted 80 per cent in a single month.

Gillette found it could not meet its projected annual profit growth of 15-20 per cent. The price of Gillette shares tumbled 36 per cent in 6 months. To save money, Gillette planned to close 14 factories and layoff 10 per cent of its workforce.

Despite its recent bad experience in developing countries and in the former Soviet bloc, Gillette was still moving ahead with plant expansion plans in Russia and Argentina that would total $64 million. Some even suggested that this was a good time to expand in the emerging markets by buying up smaller competitors that had been hurt even worse by the crises. Meanwhile, back in the developed world, another large global consumer products firm, Unilever, announced that it would be entering the razor market.

Discussion Questions

1. Why do companies such as Gillette target emerging markets? Do you agree with this strategy? 2. What are the dangers to Gillette of targeting emerging markets? 3. Why would local, privately-owned companies like Astra want to sell out to companies like Gillette Why are such companies attractive acquisitions to multinational firms? 4.   What global strategy would you suggest for a company such as Gillette? Explain your choice.

Ref. SPPU/M’8

Instructions to the candidates:

1) Attempt any Four questions. 2) All questions carry equal marks.

Q1) Explain with diagram Griesinger’s Cybernetic Paradigm of the Control Process.

Q2) What are the features of a profit centre? What are the advantages and disadvantages of profit centre?

Q3) What do you understand by ROI & EVA as a performance measure for Investment centres? Compare the merits and demerits of the two?

Q4) What do you understand by Goal Congruence? Give examples and explain the problem of Goal congruence faced by multidivisional companies at different levels.

Q5) Write short notes on (Any Three) a) Internal Audit. b) Value Chain. c) Just in Time. d) Activity-Based Costing. e) Two-step Transfer Pricing.

Q6) National Ltd is a wholesaler who sells its products to a wide range of retailers. Marketing is done through three geographical areas: the South, the Midlands and the North. The estimates of the costs and revenues for each sales territory for the next accounting period are as follows.

South                 Midlands             North                               Total (£)        (£)               (£)        (£)           (£)            (£)             (£) Sales                      900 000                 1000 000                900 000     2800 000 Cost of goods           400 000              450 000             500 000         1350 000 Sold Gross Profit            500 000                 550 000                   400 000     1450 000 Fixed selling Costs: Salesmen’s 80 000          100 000           120 000

Sales office and Management expenses     40 000                  60 000                 80 000 Advertising  50 000                  50 000          50 000 Salesmen’s expenses   50 000  220 000     60 000  270 000  80 000        330000 Headquarters administration expenses                  80 000                 90 000                   90 000 warehousing            32 000                  36 000                  36 000 costs Total costs               332 000                396 000                   456 000     1184 000 Net profit (or loss)     168 000               154 000                     (56000)           266000

The products are packaged and dispatched from a central warehouse, and it is estimated that 50% of the costs are variable and the remainder are fixed. All of the selling costs are fixed, with the exception of salesmen’s expenses, which are variable with sales revenue. All of the administrative expenses of the headquarters are common and unavoidable to all alternatives and have been apportioned to sales territories on the basis of sales value. In view of the loss, should the North area be closed?

Ref. SPPU/M’8new

1) Attempt any three questions from Q1 to Q5.

2) Q6 is compulsory.

3) Figures to the right indicate marks.

Q1) Explain the Informal Management Control System structure with detailed discussion on the following sub-systems. [18]

a) Management Style and Culture.

b) Infrastructure.

c) Rewards.

d) Coordination and Integration. e) Control Process.

Q2) Explain the nature of Activity Based Costing and compare it with Traditional Costing. What are the four different levels of activities used in ABC to allocate costs? What are the benefits of ABC? Give examples to show how ABC is superior to Traditional Costing and how it leads to more accurate management control of product costs.   [18]

Q3) In deciding on the investment base to be used in evaluating managers of Investment centres what practices the best measure the performance of the unit as an economic entity? Give the pros and cons of different practices related to current and fixed assets measurement. [18]

Q4) What do you understand by goal congruence? Explain the importance of achieving goal congruence in designing Management Control Systems in following Sub-systems.

a) Staff welfare & Rewards System.

b) Profit Centres / Transfer Pricing.

c) Allocation of Head Quarters’ expenses on different divisions.     [18]

Q5) Write short notes on any Three

a) Control Systems in Service Organizations.

b) Management Audit.

c) Strategic Planning and Management Control.

d) Annuity Depreciation.

e) Engineered and Discretionary expense centres.

Q6) Actual performance data of 5 divisions of XYZ Ltd. are as follows. (Figures in Rs. Lakhs)

Division  Profit Average Current             Average Fixed Assets                            Assets A             80            90                   400 B             60            190                 450 C             50            350                 550 D             105          200                 800 E             155          200                 800

a) Compute ROI for each division.

b) Compute EVA for each division. Charge on the usage of Current Assets is 50/0 and Fixed Assets is 10%.

c) XYZ Ltd. decides to make an investment in Fixed Assets costing Rs. 1 Crore. This investment is expected to produce a profit of Rs. 10 lakhs per year, what will be the effect on ROI and EVA of each division? Comment on the results.

d) If XYZ decides in a declining market, a retrenchment strategy and sells a plant reducing fixed assets by Rs. 75 lakhs, there will be a reduction in annual profits by Rs. 5 lakhs. What will be the effect on ROI and EVA of each division? Comment on the results.                                                       [16]

Ref/ SPPU/D’8

Time: 3Hours

1) Attempt any three questions from 1 to 6. 2) Attempt anyone from 7 & 8. 3) Figures to the right indicate full marks.

Q. 1)  Explain the control process thoroughly. Elaborate the role played by each of its elements. Elaborate scope of management control systems.  [18]

Q. 2) In a typical organization one can observe goal conflicts arising out of different roles its people play/assume i.e. an individual, hierarchical, functional, organizational. How one can resolve this conflict? Explain with suitable example.” [18]

Q. 3) Explain the input-output relationship. What role it plays in performance assessment of responsibility centres. Justify your answer with suitable examples:  [18]

Q. 4) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of strategic planning.  [18]

Q. 5) Discuss the cause-effect relationship between the four perspectives of the balanced scorecard. Give a suitable example. [18]

Q. 6) Compare (any three) :   [18]

a) Profit centre and revenue centre.

b) Rolling budget and zero-based budget.

c) MCS in a manufacturing unit and for a project.

d)”Engineered cost and budget” and “Discretionary cost and budget”.

e) Financial and Non-financial measures.

f) Traditional costing and ABC.

Q. 7)  ABC Ltd is a multi-division integrated company. One of its division “A” produces a product, which is being sold in the open market entirely. However, in view of demand from division “B”, “A” supplies part of its produce to ‘B’. To keep motivated both the divisions, the company has established a transfer pricing policy such that’ B’ shall pay actual full cost plus 50% of profit division.

‘A’ would have made if it would have sold the product in the open market. Given below the sales and cost data for division’ A’.

Volume per annum 10,000 units

External sales @ Rs.150 per unit 6,000 units Internal transfer as per TP policy 4,000 units.

Variable cost Rs.80 per unit

Fixed cost Rs.20 per unit.

a)     Compute the transfer price per unit need to be born by division ‘B’ in the Present circumstances. b)      Incase demand from division B goes up from 4,000 to 6,000 units and division agrees to pay 60% of profit instead of 500/0 agreed earlier. Compute transfer price in this situation.

c)      Compute profitability of division’ A’, in case of situations discussed in 1 & 2 above.

d)     Given selling price of the final product by ‘B’ is Rs.250 per unit, variable cost ofRs.30 per unit (excluding transfer price) and fixed cost ofRs.20 per unit (based on the volume of 4,800 units). compute the profitability of division ‘B’ in both the above-discussed situations’- 1 & 2. Offer your comments on the suitability of approach. [16]

Q. 8)  Mis. Mittal Ltd has two divisions M & N. Division M sales two-third of its produce to division N and rests in the open market. Cost and revenue of these divisions and that of the company for year 2,000 is given as under:

(Amt.in Rs.)                          M              N          Company Sales (outside only)                        16,000     48,000     64,000 Cost of manufacturing            24,000     20,000     44,000 (Internal + outside sales) Profit                                                      20,000

There is no opening or closing stock. You are required to find out the profit of each division and that of the company under following options of transfer prices-

a) at cost.

b) at cost plus a margin of25%.

c) at cost plus a margin of 25% ; but there is overspending in division M by Rs.3,000. d) at market price.  [16]

Ref. SPPU/O’7

1) Please attempt any three questions from serial No.1 to serial No.6. 2) Question No.7 (Case Study) is compulsory. 3) Answers from Q. 1 to Q. 6 will attract a maximum of 15 marks each. 4) Question No.7 will carry 25 marks.

Ql) Using the example of a suitable company. Describe their process of achieving Globalisation, in various stages.  [15]

Q2) Analyse the factors that affect a. country risk evaluation? Which are the three worst types of risks? And why?   [15]

Q3) Write all you know about ‘World Trade Organisation’. Explain TRIPS, TRIMS and DSBs.  [15]

Q4) How do trade blocks function? Illustrate with two examples. What are tariff Nontariff & trade barriers?  [15]

Q5) Write Short Notes on (Any three) :  [15]

a) Balance of Trade.’

b) Balance of Payment.

d) World Bank

e) Methods of Payment.

f) EXIM Policy.

Q6} Describe the various methods used for evaluating & selecting countries as markets. What strategies should be deployed for successful entry?   [15]

Q 7) P1ease scrutinise the enclosed case study & answer the questions at the end of the case study [25]

The localisation of Global Companies:

Korean Experience Countries tend to be more concerned about large companies than small ones because of their greater potential impact on national economic and political. objectives. But not all companies operating internationally is large. In fact, the number of new MNEs is growing at about 4,000 to 5,000 per year. These are generally smaller companies with smal1er foreign investments. Generally, they have to do less to justify their entry and operations. Because they are assumed. to have less impact on host societies, countries often treat their entries differently. Further, many LDC governments prefer the entry of smaller companies because they may be more willing to yield to host -country wishes, increase c01npetition because of their numbers, and supply smaller-scale technology more suited to LDC needs.

Internationalisation is viewed as a process leading to the outcome of a competitive environment that in turn induces efficiency in production and optimality in resource allocation. A few economists refer to internationalisation as a surrogate to indicate the level of cross-border production by Multi-National Corporations (MNCs) and their network of affiliates, subcontractors and partners. Yet another viewpoint analyses the different dimensions of internationalisation ascribing the internationalisation of corporate strategies, in particular, their commitment to competition as well as the internationalisation of consumer and financial markets, the diminished role of national governments in designing the rules for international governance, and so on as a set of characteristics describing the different. dimensions df the process.

Superior Performance from Indian Subsidiaries

In the past, it was the Indian subsidiaries of the MNEs who had to depend on their parent companies for financial support. Though many of the Indian subsidiaries still do that, a new phenomenon is also gaining ground. Many of the Indian subsidiaries of major MNEs like ABB, LG, Samsung, Nestle, and Siemens, to name a few, are all beating their parent companies on the performance scale, and India is fast emerging as the growth engine for MNEs. Some of these Indian subsidiaries are even clocking double-digit growth even when their parent companies are recording losses.

Though the vast Indian market of the billion-plus population holds great opportunity for the consumer goods companies, this phenomenon is not restricted to that sector only. Indian subsidiaries for the MNEs in non:-consumer goods sectors such as engineering and pharmaceuticals are also showing the same phenomenon. Global sales for Siemens (Siemens AG) has decreased by 3.4 per cent m 2002 (total sale in 2003 was only $83,784 million) while the Indian subsidiary of Siemens showed an increase in net sales by 13.8 per cent.

Changing Global Dynamics

With rapid globalisation, intensive competition and poor economic conditions prevailing in most economies, l’vfN”Es arc always searching for ways to reduce costs to improve the bottom line. As a result, we have seen a rise in outsourcing to India Along with this- India’s advantage of the availability of low-cost skilled labour gained importance. On the flip side, with the opening up of the Indian economy, new opportunities arrived, which these companies have grabbed successfully. International Business

At the same time, opening up of the Indian economy and moderately high growth rate have attracted new competitors. With increased competition, companies have to reassess their existing investments and business portfolio. Those businesses, where returns on investments were not high and were not contributing significantly to their overall profit, were sold or hived off. The restructuring has left the Indian subsidiaries in a better position to move ahead of the competition.

Manufacturing Efficiencies

Production of goods and managing supply chain effici~ntly has also helped Indian subsidiaries of the MNEs to contribute more to their bottom line. Low manpower cost in manufacturing has helped the Indian subsidiaries very much. Siemens India benefited by shedding its excess workforce and reorganising its workforce has been able to reduce its costs. At the factory level, the company reorganised its workforce on the basis of employees’ ability to handle functions across one or more divisions. As a result, Siemens was able to maintain the same efficiency in terms of output level with 50 per cent fewer employees.

Hyundai India has the best-integrated manufacturing plant amongst the Indian subsidiaries of the MNEs. The efficiency of Hyundai India’s operation at its Chennai plant has made the top management of its parent company in South Korea to send 2,000 managers and workers from its plant to Seoul to study Indian subsidiary’s operations. Siemens has also reduced -its number of vendors from 20,000 to 2,000 with plans of further reducing them. Earlier the sheer number of vendors complicated the process of checking, ensuring quality, and delivery time. It has since then started grading its suppliers on several- parameters.

LG has followed kaizen in its Indian manufacturing plants, with the ultimate aim to achieve Six Sigma Quality. LG has also passed on the same. work ethics to its suppliers.

Hyundai is planning to make Hyundai India as the global sourcing base for Santro. Siemens India is now also becoming increasingly significant. contributor to Siemens AG. The outsourcing from Siemens India now contributes 21 per cent of its consolidated revenues. Cummins India now exports to China and Mexico.

Customer-Driven

While MNEs like Kellogg’s failed to understand the Indian consumers, relentless focus towards the Indian consume~s has enabled these companies to increase their sales, which has a positive impact on their revenues and profits. The localisation of products and knowing what the Indian consumers want worked well for the consumer goods companies. Samsung has learned this aspect quickly and that it is very important for them to live to the expectations of the Indian consumers to stay on in the Indian market.

Samsung has washing machines with unique ‘sari guard’ and a memory restart: the feature that is ideally suited for India where there are frequent power cuts. LG has also launched TV s with Hindi and regional language menus.

Both Samsung and LG have launched TV sets with more than 800 watts ‘of sound, compared to the normal 200 watts. This is a result of findings by both the companies that Indians like more volume on their TV sets because famili~s often watch in a noisy environment. With the end-consumers in mind, LG now offers products with unique technology. Its Plasma range air­conditioners with their unique Gold Fin technology offer air-filtering benefit. For the lower-end market, where the consumers are price-conscious, LG has launched low-priced TV such as Cine plus.

Nestle India launched a low priced (Rs 2) liquid chocolate, called Choc stick to cater to the price-conscious customers. Hyundai Accent has a powerful engine and sleek interiors at an attractive price range. In Siemens’ case, the company has introduced several programmes to seek, generate and monitor customer feedback, and improve response time. It even redesigned indirect sales channels. One such customer-related programme is the Key Account Management (KAM) concept. Earlier, a customer was being approached by people from. two or more. divisions of the company.. In the KAM concept, one key’= executive is responsible for getting business from all divisions of that customer. The company ~Iso initiated a mystery call~r competition, under ­which top Siemens executives acting as customers would call up executives of various centres at different times, even during lunch hours. These initiatives have resulted in an increase in the number of repeat orders, which resulted, in generating more revenues and profits.

Strategic Wonders

Formulating successful strategies and executing them efficiently played an important role in behincl these companies’ profitability; be it in the entry-level, manufacturing, marketing, branding and pricing. Some of these companies have also found huge success by entering the vast rural market. Even though Hyundai entered the Indian market only in 1996, it was able to lead in all the three auto segments, namely B-segment, C-segment and D-segment, in which it competes. Hyundai’s choice of the deluxe small car to enter the Indian auto market instead of a sedan was its brilliant strategic move. Hyundai had correctly read the gap in the Indian market in that segment. That success helped Hyundai to establish its brand among the Indian consumers and has allowed Hyundai’s parent company to introduce more new cars in other segments in India.

Marketers of these companies have adopted different strategies for launching products, LG’s strategy of promoting its premium models like Flatron helps the brand creation. an image of a high technology company. , The company has positioned its products keeping.in ‘mind the health-conscious attitude of Indians. Samsung’s ‘DigitaIAll’ campaign has worked in positioning. ~ Samsung as a company, which produces high technology products in the minds of the consumers. Hyundai has used the image of Shahrukh Khan in advertising its Santro, which was an instant hit among the Indian consumers: ~

CASE DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

  • A parent corporation is looking at Indian subsidiary for improving its quality of corporate governance and enhancing profitability. The theory says the reverse will happen, i.e. spillover effect from the parent to the subsidiary. This is also considered as the greatest honour ever received for Indian corporates in the professional arena.

i) What are the factors that may result in higher profitability? ii) What can be the impact of customer-driven business practices in Indian environment? iii) What are the measures that can be taken by the MNEs to improve their local image in India? There is a growing concern about the opening up of the retail sector in India. What is the significance of retail MNEs in the national economy by looking at the experience of Korean MNEs in India?

Ref. SPPU/M’7

Instructions for candidates

1) Please attempt any three questions from Q. No.1 to Q. No.6. 2) Question No.7 (case study) is compulsory. 3) Answers from Q. No.1 to Q. No.6 will attract a maximum of 15 marks each. Q. No. 7’s answer 25 marks.

Ql) What is Globalization – Its forces, meaning, dimensions and stages? Select any company as an example and describe their working. [15]

Q2) What are Tariff, Non-Tariff barriers and Trade barriers? What are Trade Blocks – explain 2 examples. [15]

Q3) What do you understand by Country Risks? What are the factors that affect? a country’s risk? [15]

Q4) Write short notes on IMF, World B~ Exim Policy, Methods of Payment in International Trade, Balance of Payment, Balance of Trade? (Any 3) [15]

Q5) Write all you know about WTO with emphasis on TRIPS, TRIMS and DSB. [15]

Q6) What the strategies for Market selection and Entry in the International Market?  [15]

Q7) Please examine the enclosed case study and answer the questions at the end of the same.  [25] The emergence of New Industry: Story of Indian BPO

Trade theories advocate the optimum utilisation of resources and reducing the cost of production globally. This leads to a new tendency, which we call outsourcing less important or back-office works to low wage countries like India and China. The growing demand for backup is adding a dimension to the quickly proliferating outsourcing industry. Traditionally, conservative businesses such as insurance companies and mortgage brokers are contracting out back-office and customer service work, mirroring the way corporate titans such as IBM and General Electric moved such tasks away from the US several years ago. As new clients are handing over duties to third party companies rather than to their own subsidiaries, and in countries where they often have little experience, they feel more comfortable with suppliers who have good backup plans.

(a) Role  ‘Of Educational Institution

Clearly, there are things that the educational institutions can do to help that. Some of the institutions have taken initiatives to get there and some are ~ waiting to see how these experiments shape up. There is also a lot of talks ‘:. about the need for the industry and academia to come together so that it will ” eventually help the industry better. But not much seems to be happening in this area. The orientation (of the academic institutions) will have to be a little different than the existing one, view the industry as their customers and do what’s good for the industry and get rated by the industry.

Unless the academia has that kind of alignment with customer interests, it’s difficult for them to devise the most appropriate curricula and syllabi. It is only when the academic institutions realise that they are serving ‘” a certain customer base and they need to fulfil the needs of that customer base and take proactive action internally, that the situation would improve. But, at this point of time, it appears as though the entire onus is on the industry to do it. Today, academia seems to say if you want these people you come and do whatever it is to make these people suitable for companies.

(b) Rising Demand

The huge pool of human resources in India is much talked about and a chunk of the human resources from the engineering colleges. The mistake companies commonly make is to underestimate the human potential that is available, and not providing them with the right type of opportunities. We must remember that the IT industry recruits the top 1 per cent of the brainpower that is available in this country. This number is small compared to the ones “that go to school, and the ones that graduate. So it means its the cream of the cream that gets into this industry. And so in terms of brainpower, it’s quite unmatched.

Unlikely, for the next several years, it’s not going to be uncompetitive. The wage increase is only marginal, and the productivity improvement that happens year after year compensates for the bulk of the increase that happens. To that extent, its not a factor ~o worry about, at least for the next four to five years. Nasscom report (May 2004) predicts that within a few years, there will be less supply of qualified human resource in India compared to the demand. Forrester (May 2004) says that by 2010, 3.3 million jobs will be created in IT and IT-related areas in India, That’s a lot of people. This means many companies may not go after the top 1 per cent, and they would expand it to the top 5 per cent, for which, the educational institutions have to change and intensify the courses, and should be meritocracy-based. People who score good marks or are more intelligent do get into higher schools.

(c) In Search of Talents

In order to get a comprehensive mix of capabilities and high talent, companies decided to look at outside universities as well. They went to Carnegie Mellon, Stanford, MIT, and Columbia for recruitment. These are all Ivy League schools that attract top talent. Earlier, people hesitated to come to India. A couple of years back, many Indian companies went to recruit but they .were not interested in coming to India and spending some time here.

The beginning of 2003 was a turning point when the media turned their attention to offshoring in a big way. The visibility was very high and everybody was suddenly talking about India. There is a lot more that gets outsourced to China in terms of manufacturing than to India, but India got a far greater share of that visibility. That’s when people realised that there is so much happening in India, and wanted to be a part of. it.

But when a company goes to these schools, ask for GPA-based filtering of candidates, say a GPA of over 3.5 or 3.8, most of them are Indians. Indians somehow seem to have mastered the trade of how to get high GP A. So, companies had to do a different mix in order to make sure they have a good mix of people who have gone from India to study in the USA as well as the local people, and people from other countries.

(d) Chennai, the BPO Hub

Offshore projects accounted for over 70 per cent of the total software exports of Tamil Nadu during 2003-4, according to Software Technology Parks of India, Chennai. Tamil Nadu’s total IT exports stood at Rs. 7,621.50 crore (Rs. 7621 billion) during the last fiscal, including exports from STPI, MEPZ, and other units.

Chennai and its suburbs continued to be the major software exporting locations in the state. Exports from these locations stood at Rs. 7,557.64 crore (Rs. 75.58 billion), followed by Coimbatore region at Rs. 45.76 crore (Rs. 457.6 million), and Tiruchi at Rs. 13.42 crore (Rs. 134.2 million). Application software and system software accounted for 60 per cent of total exports, followed by consultancy services at 28 per cent, and ITES at 8 per cent. Tata Consultancy Services was the top exporter from Tamil Nadu, followed by Infosys Technologies, HCL Technologies, Cognizant Technology Solutions, Wipro, and Polaris Software. Tamil Nadu’s hardware exports crossed Rs. 100 crore (Rs. 1 billion), and stood at Rs. 118.88 crore (Rs. 1.19 billion) in 2003.

1. To what extent does the theory of Comparative Advantage explain the rise of th~ Indian BPO industry? 2. To what extent does the Heckscher-Ohlin theory explain the rise of the Indian BPO industry? 3. Use Michael Porter’s diamond to analyse the rise of the Indian BPO industry. Does this analysis help explain the rise of this industry?

SPPU/M’6

Note: 1)     Question No 6 (case study) is compulsory 2)     Attempt any three questions from the remaining question 3)     All question carry equal marks

1)     Define a multinational corporation. What are the benefits of MNC’s operating in developing countries from the point of view of the host country?

2)     What are the causes of political risk that may impact a firm? What are the different means adopted by companies to deal with political risks in international business?

3)     Explain the mechanics of ‘Currency Trading’ in detail. What do you understand by

a)     spot

b)      forward and

c)      Swap transaction?

4)     The whole universe is a potential market for your products. Discuss the various market entry strategies that need to be evolved to exploit this potential.

5)     Write short notes on any three of the following

a)     Function and objectives of W.T.O.

b)      Classical theory of comparative cost.

c)      Different types of Letters of Credit.

d)     South-East Asian crisis.

e)     Asian development bank.

6)     CASE study: cutting edge ltd

Cutting Edge Ltd., a Nashik based company is globally set up, for its unique products. This is a precise example of a which has remarkable skills and strategies for identifying new product developing them for commercial exploitation. The company always at global operation right from the beginning. It was very quick in and establishing itself firmly in the international markets.

The company began its corporate journey in the year 1995manufacturing of quality scissors used for various application/uses did not lose any time and was quick enough to spread its wings in other countries. By the end of the year 2004, it had added more products portfolio, popular among them are razors and blades.

CEL’s manufacturing operations, apart from Nashik are in more than 10 locations in four countries. The products are market for more than 20 countries. Within a span of fewer than 10 years, CEL has its overseas revenue from a meagre US$50000 to US$140 million. It concentrated on its main line of scissors and blades and expanded the by adopting novel ideas like distribution-free razor blades or scissors bank(Shave and save plan) or (Cut and cut the expenditure plan). Even the recessionary period it sponsored major sporting events and through worldwide advertising kept up its sales.

The remarkable strategy adopted by this company is in identifying a for which there was need and developing from the beginning a high product and convincing consumers to buy quality and sophisticated. This enabled the company to sell more expensive products at a higher profit. It kept in close touch with the market and the needs of the and produced new product as demand arose. The company considerable market research and design engineering.

CEL realized the importance of exports and international operation. Words, international operation/business was the part of the plan from inception to the company and not an afterthought.

Out of the total sales of US$140 million, almost 92% sales are coming from the developed market like U.S.A., Canada Japan, etc. the company has not been able to make inroads in developing and underdeveloped markets. One of the main reasons fearing is that in the developing and underdeveloped markets it may able to enjoy the same profit margins as it is enjoying in developed CEL would like to make sure that its presence must be felt in the developing and underdeveloped markets and business contribution from these markets must be enhanced to a  large extent without harming the profitability picture.

Analyse the case and guide the CEL management in increasing the sales revenue from the less developed markets without hampering the company’s overall profitability.

SPPU/O’5

1) Question no. 6 (case study) is compulsory

2) Answer any three questions from the remaining questions.

3) All three carry equal marks

Q1) Explain the various factors to be considered while scanning the international business environment. Give one example of each Factor.

Q2) Explain the terms:

a) Transaction Exposure.

b) Transfer Pricing.

Q3) Write a note on contributions of multi-national enterprises with reference to the market. Highlight the criticisms levelled against the MNE’s.

Q4) Describe the objectives and functions of the World Trade Organisation. Comment on the organization structure of WTO.

Q5) Write short notes on any three of the following.

a) Global sourcing.

b) Ricardian theory of comparative advantage.

c) Non-tariff barriers to international trade.

d) Management of political risk in international business.

e) International Monetary Fund.

Q6) Case Study:

The globalization of the Indian economy has led to the establishment of a number of large and medium firms as licensing was not necessary. This resulted in the production of a number of goods, more than the demand in some cases. Consequently, some small scale units which were receiving Govt. protection became sick. The earlier sick units became mortal. Some examples in this category were textile units in Ahmedabad, electronic units in Delhi, consumer goods firms in Mumbai, AP Lightings, Anantapur, steel melting units in Hindupur, paper mills in Coastal Andhra and leather units in Chennai. Globalization resulted in the entry of a number of MNC’s in India through exports, joint ventures etc. in the addition, U.S.A and Malaysia dumped cooking oil, steel, electronic products etc. European countries exported milk and other agro-based products. These factors created a slump in the market due to excess supply. Further, the decline in employment opportunities affected the purchasing power of middle-class consumers adversely.

This created like China, S.Korea produced goods at a cheaper rate than India. This created havoc in the market. The policy of globalization was criticized by some. Other quarters of the industry felt that Indian business and industry should learn management techniques and focus on high productivity and low cost.

In the light of above answer the following questions:

1) Is globalization desirable for the Indian economy? Why?

2) How globalization will benefit Indian Consumers?

3)  Identify the key areas wherein the Indian manufactures need to improve to enable them to compete internationally.

Q1) Discuss the importance of strategic marketing decisions in marketing planning with suitable examples.

Q2) In view of the foreign institutes entering India in near future, what strategic options you will suggest to Indian Management institutes to counter the possible competition? Your suggestions shall be based on SWOT analysis.

Q3)” Freebies and discounts are aimed at making loyal customers purchase more quantities in advance attracting non-users to try the product. However, with all major players offering freebies and discounts, this strategy is proving counter-productive’. Critically discuss this statement with examples.

Q4) Discuss with examples of how marketing mix strategies change within PLC stages of a product.

Q5) Write short notes on any THREE:

a) Export pricing strategy

b) Cost strategy v/s differentiation strategy.

c)  Distribution strategy in declining markets.

d) International branding.

e) MLM and ethical issues.

SECTION – II

Q6) Explain with examples how the characteristics of rural market segments based on various criteria of segmentation.

Q7) Sachet packing is normally introduced to ultimately increase the demand for large packing. However, in India, sachet packing is contributing to almost 70% of the sales of FMCGs like shampoo and tea. Discuss this phenomenon with reference to typical characteristics of Indian rural market.

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The Theory of International Business: The Role of Economic Models

  • Research Article
  • Published: 14 February 2018
  • Volume 58 , pages 363–387, ( 2018 )

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This paper reviews the scope for economic modelling in international business. It argues for a multi-level theory based on classical internalisation theory. The theory extends the ‘systems approach’ to the multinational enterprise in which modular activities, such as production, marketing and R&D, are linked by flows of semi-processed products and proprietary knowledge. It is shown how this theory can be extended from the firm level to the industry level in order to analyse inter-firm co-operation and rivalry. The theory can be extended to higher levels (e.g., the global economy) and lower levels (e.g., personal relationships within plants and offices).

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Casson, M. The Theory of International Business: The Role of Economic Models. Manag Int Rev 58 , 363–387 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-018-0342-6

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Issue Date : June 2018

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-018-0342-6

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international business model question paper

11th Standard

11th Commerce - International Business Model Question Paper

international business model question paper

11th Commerce - International Business Model Question Paper Nov-02 , 2019

International Business 

international business model question paper

Final Semester - June 2015

International Business Model Question Paper

Movement of goods, services, intellectual property, human assets, technology and so on among the countries.

International Trade

International Business

Entrepot Trade

Internal Trade

Goods are imported for purpose of re-export to another country is termed as______

Import Trade

Export Trade

Selling of Goods from home country to foreign country is called______.

Foreign Trade

Joint Venture

The importance centre for entrepot_______.

All the above

Which of the following is not an Indian Multinational Company?

Asian Paints

.................company enjoys ownership accommodation in more than one country.

Multinational

What do you mean by international business?

What is meant by Import Trade?

What is meant by Entrepot Trade?

Give any two reasons for International business.

What is Franchising?

What is FDI?

Describe importance of the external trade to an economy.

What are the limitations of international business?

What are the features of Entrepot Trade?

Define International Business.

List out the advantages of international trade.

Distinguish between internal and international trade.

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CBSE Sample Papers Class 11 Business Studies 2023-24

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CBSE Sample Question Paper for class 11 Business Studies – in PDF

CBSE Sample Papers 2024 of class 11 Business Studies have some changes this year. CBSE has updated the new marking scheme and blueprint for Class 11 Business Studies for the session 2023-24. We are also providing Business Studies sample papers for Class 11 CBSE exams on myCBSEguide app and website in PDF format. Although the business studies question paper has no numerical yet you will find lots of case study-based questions. So, knowledge of practical aspects is equally important in class 11th Business Studies.

Download Business Studies Sample Papers as PDF

CBSE Sample Papers Class 11 Business Studies 2024

Our mobile app myCBSEguide provides CBSE Class 11 Sample Papers of Business Studies for the academic session 2023-24 with solutions in PDF format for free download. As we know, the examination pattern is updated this year. CBSE will ask not only objective questions but there will be subjective questions as well. So, Students have to put some extra effort into their studies. Especially Business Studies is a very dynamic subject. It needs special attention to solve real-life situation-based questions.

Marking Scheme for the Class 11 exam

If you have gone through the new format of the examination, you may have noticed that the class 11 marking scheme has also changed. CBSE has added a good amount of objective questions to the examination. Especially, CBSE has introduced competency-based questions this year. Such questions have both objective and subjective types of questions. We recommend students download class 11 Business Studied model question papers from the myCBSEguide app or from the CBSE official website and practice them.

Class 11 – Business Studies Sample Paper (2023-24)

Maximum Marks: 80 Time Allowed: : 3 hours

General Instructions:

  • This question paper contains 34 questions.
  • Marks are indicated against each question.
  • Answers should be brief and to the point.
  • Answers to the questions carrying 3 marks may be from 50 to 75 words.
  • Answers to the questions carrying 4 marks may be about 150 words.
  • Answers to the questions carrying 6 marks may be about 200 words.
  • Attempt all parts of the questions together.
  • When two or more firms come together to create a new business entity that is legally separate and distinct from its parents it is known as ________. It brings in people with different cultures to work together. It also gives access to better resources like specialized staff and technology. a) contract manufacturing b) franchising c) joint ventures d) licensing
  • Expand KVIC a) King of Village Investment Culture b) Khadi and Village Industries Commission c) Khadi and Village Industries Core d) King of Village Industries Commission
  • Funding for Departmental Undertakings comes from which of the following sources: a) Debentures b) Shares c) Government Treasury d) Loans from Financial Institutions
  • Which of the following is the advantage of Mall? a) Attract a large number of customers b) All of these c) Wide choice d) Convenience in shopping
  • Which of the following is part of Village and Small Industries Sector? a) Handlooms b) All of these c) Sericulture d) Handicrafts
  • Which of the following is a limitation of e-business? a) Low personal touch b) Ethical fallouts c) Risk d) All of these
  • The District Industries Centers Programme was launched on: a) September 1, 1978 b) July 1, 1978 c) May 1, 1978 d) 15 August 1978
  • Interest paid on debentures is tax-deductible.
  • Debentures do not carry voting rights.
  • It preferred by investors who want fixed income at lesser risk.
  • Issue of debentures dilutes the control of equity shareholders on management.
  • Assertion (A):  Sole proprietorship is the least regulated form of business. Reason (R): There are minimal legal formalities and it is easy to start and close the sole proprietorship business as per the wish of the owner. a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
  • To sell ready-made garments for children, men, women, etc. is the example of: a) General Store b) Single-line shop c) Departmental Store d) Single-product shop
  • ________ are agents who merely bring the buyer and the seller into contact. a) Commission agent b) Broker c) Stockist d) Selling agent
  • Preliminary Contracts are signed a) After incorporation but before commencement of business b) After incorporation but before capital subscription c) After commencement of business d) Before the incorporation
  • Which of the following are small industries? a) More labour intensive and less capital intensive. b) Less labour intensive and less capital intensive. c) More labour intensive and more capital intensive. d) Less labour intensive and more capital intensive.
  • Social interests and business interests are ________. a) Contradictory b) Complementary c) Counteractive d) Conflicting

Assertion (A): The contract of fire insurance is a contract of strict indemnity. Reason (R): A person should not be allowed to gain by insurance.

  • The investment limit of SSI does not exceed a) ₹10 crore b) ₹3 crore c) Above ₹25 lakh and upto ₹5 crore d) ₹2 crore
  • Which industries include activities concerned with the extraction and production of natural resources and reproduction and development of living organisms? a) Tertiary b) Primary c) Secondary d) None of these
  • What do you mean by an entrepreneur ? a) Job-hunter b) Job-seeker c) Job creator d) Job-applicant
  • Statutory corporations are ________. a) none of these b) sole proprietorship c) private enterprises d) public enterprises
  • How does market information provided by wholesalers benefit the manufacturers?
  • Identify the type of retail selling where goods are supplied to the customers without the help of middlemen and without customers undertaking journeys to the retailer.
  • Enlist any three merits of such retail business.
  • What are auxiliaries to trade?
  • Identify the different auxiliaries to trade that are being used by Harshit in his business by quoting lines from the paragraph.

Karan is running a grocery shop in the nearby local market whereas his friend Priyanshu works as a finance manager in a reputed IT company. In the context of the above case:

  • Identify the different types of economic activities both the friends are engaged in.
  • Distinguish between the two different types of economic activities as identified in part (i) of the question (any two points).
  • How is the mode of business that Esha intends to adopt different from the one that her father has been following over the years?
  • Distinguish between the two different modes of business as identified in part (a) of the question by giving any four points.
  • Name and state the type of enterprise referred to in the above para.
  • State its three features.
  • Business has to safeguard not only the interests of the parties but the interests of several other parties also. The other parties are the employees, consumers, supplies, competitors/rivals, government, community and the world. Today, only that business is regarded as good which along with the interests of the owner takes care of the interests of all these parties also. Which concept of business has been talked about in this statement? Identify that concept and state its meaning.
  • Discuss the various characteristics or features of Entrepreneurship.
  • Why is approval from SEBI considered necessary?
  • Who are underwriters? Is their appointment necessary whenever a public company wishes to raise the required funds from the public by means of an issue of shares and debentures?

Jagat is running a grocery store under the name ‘Morning Needs’ in a local market. He takes all decisions about business himself, without any interference from others and also earns a direct reward for his risk-bearing. In the context of the above case:

  • Identify and define the form of business organization in which Jagat has promoted his business.
  • State any four features of this form of business organization.
  • Describe in brief the features of equity shares.
  • Identify the feature of services being discussed above.
  • Explain briefly three other features of services.

Class 11 – Business Studies Sample Paper  Solution

  • (c) joint ventures Explanation: A joint venture is a commercial enterprise undertaken jointly by two or more parties which otherwise retain their distinct identities.
  • (b) Khadi and Village Industries Commission Explanation: The various policies, programmes and schemes related to agro and rural industries are implemented by the ministry through the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC), Handicrafts Board, Coir Board, Silk Board, etc.
  • (c) Government Treasury Explanation: The funding of these enterprises come directly from the Government Treasury and are an annual appropriation from the budget of the government.
  • (b) All of these Explanation: With the coming of Malls, the consumers get a wide variety to chose from. The customers get a variety of brands under one roof which makes it convenient for them to shop.
  • (b) All of these Explanation: The village and small industries (VSI) sector consist broadly of traditional industries (viz. handlooms, khadi, and village industries, sericulture, handicrafts, and coir) and modern small scale industries including ‘tiny’ units and power loom. To practice more questions & prepare well for exams, download myCBSEguide App . It provides complete study material for CBSE, NCERT, JEE (main), NEET-UG and NDA exams. Teachers can use Examin8 App to create similar papers with their own name and logo.
  • Low personal touch
  • Ethical fallouts
  • (b) Government Explanation: Government
  • (c) May 1, 1978 Explanation: The District Industries Centers Programme was launched on May 1, 1978, with a view to providing an integrated administrative framework at the district level.
  • (c) Only D Explanation: Debenture holders are a debt of the company and are not allowed to take their own decisions in the company.
  • (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Explanation: A sole proprietorship business has minimum legal restrictions and formalities. Its life depends upon the life and wish of the sole proprietor. Therefore it is the least regulated form of business.
  • (b) Single-line shop Explanation: This is an example of Single-line shop.
  • (b) Broker Explanation: Brokers are agents who merely bring the buyer and the seller into contact. They execute the orders as per the buyer without physically involving the buyer in the transaction.
  • (d) Before the incorporation Explanation: Before the incorporation
  • (a) More labour intensive and less capital intensive. Explanation: Small scale industries employed more labour and less capital .
  • (b) Complementary Explanation: Complementary, because both are linked to each other.
  • (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Explanation: The purpose behind strict indemnity in case of fire insurance is that a person should not be allowed to gain by insurance.
  • (c) Above ₹25 lakh and upto ₹5 crore Explanation: Above ₹25 lakh and upto ₹5 crore
  • (b) Primary Explanation: Primary industries are those industries that get raw material from nature.
  • (c) Job creator Explanation: An entrepreneur is a Job creator and not a job seeker or hunter.
  • (d) public enterprises Explanation: Statutory corporations are public enterprises brought into existence by a special act of the parliament.
  • United Nations Conference on Trade and Development ( UNCTAD ): UNCTAD that comes into being in 1964 is the international institution shaping international trade. The widening trade gap between developed and developing countries. The general dis-satisfaction of developing countries with the GATT and the need for international economic cooperation led to the setting up of UNCTAD. Few basic functions of UNCTAD are: (i) To promote international trade with a view to accelerating economic development. (ii) To formulate principles and policies on international trade and related problems of economic development.
  • MIGA : The Multinational Investment Guarantee Agency was established in April 1988 to supplement the functions of the World Bank and International Finance Corporation. Few objectives of MIGA are : (i) To encourage the flow of direct foreign investment into the less developed member countries. (ii) To provide insurance cover to investors against political risks. (iii) To provide promotional and advisory services. (iv) To establish creditability.
  • Production of goods and services
  • Distribution of goods
  • A wholesaler provides almost all the relevant information regarding the preferences and expectations of the customers to the manufacturer. He also collects information regarding the products of the competitor, price of his product, promotional schemes running by competitor for increasing the sale of his product etc. Wholesalers make suggestions about the type and quality of goods required by the consumers, and he also gives an rough idea regarding the future expected demand of the product. Such information helps the producer to regulate production according to the changing requirement of the consumer.

Equity shares are the main source of finance of a firm. It gives the right to the holders to claim dividend on the surplus profits of the company. The rate of dividend on the equity capital is determined by the management of the company. Features:

  • Equity shares are transferable in nature. They can be transferred from one person to another with or without consideration.
  • Equity shareholders are the actual owners of the company and they bear the highest risk.
  • This is mail-order business which is also known as shopping by post.
  • Elimination of middlemen which results in lots of savings for both buyers and sellers.
  • It does not require heavy expenditure on building and other infrastructure. Therefore, it can be started with limited capital.
  • Since the mail order business does not extend credit facilities to the customers, there is no risk of bad debts to them.
  • There is no direct contact between parties so it is through advertisement which saves time.

Both the expectations of the people can be fulfilled only by a wholesale trader. Therefore, it is clear that Bindu and Rekha are doing wholesale trade. A wholesale trader can do both the desired services in the following manner:

  • Control on Market Fluctuations: A wholesaler controls huge fluctuations in the market by stocking goods. Therefore, the prices remain under control. This directly benefits consumers.
  • Easy Availability of Goods: The presence of the wholesaler makes it easy for a retailer to get the goods according to the taste of the consumers at any time. Consequently, all things are readily available to consumers. In the absence of the wholesaler, the retailers cannot perform this job easily.
  • Auxiliaries to Trade – It implies activities required to facilitate the purchase and sale of goods i.e. are meant for assisting trade.
  • Transport as he procures different kinds of products from all over the country through railways, roadways, and airways.
  • Warehousing as he owns a godown to hold the stocks.
  • Insurance as he has taken an insurance policy worth Rs. 10 crores for his business.
  • Banking and Finance as he has taken a loan of Rs. 2,00,000 from ICICI Bank in order to meet short term financial needs of his business.
  • Advertising as he has placed information about his store on the hoardings, billboards, etc. in order to popularize them.
  • The different types of economic activities both the friends are engaged in are: Karan is doing Business whereas the occupation of Priyanshu is Employment.
  • Esha intends to start e-business, whereas her father is following the traditional business.
  • Public Private Partnership (PPP) Public-Private Partnership means an enterprise in which a project or service is financed and operated through a partnership of Government and Private enterprises.
  • PPP is suitable for big projects whose gestation period is very long.
  • The purpose of PPP is to combine the skills, resources, expertise and experience of both the public and private sectors to deliver a better quality of services.
  • In PPP both government and private enterprises share the revenue in the agreed ratio.
  • Responsibility towards the shareholders or owners
  • Responsibility towards the workers
  • Responsibility towards the consumers
  • Responsibility towards the government and community
  • Ability to take Risks:  This is the first and foremost trait of entrepreneurship. Starting any business involves a considerable amount of risk of failure. Therefore, the courage and capacity to take the said risk are essential for an entrepreneur.
  • Innovation:  In a world, where almost everything has been done, innovation is a priceless gift to have. Innovation basically means generating a new idea with which you can start a business and achieve a substantial amount of profits. Innovation can be in the form of a product, i.e., launching a product that no one is selling in the market. It can also be in the form of a process, i.e., doing the same work in a more efficient and economical way.
  • Visionary:  Every entrepreneur needs to be a visionary. Without a vision for the future of his venture, he or she would just be working aimlessly without reaching any point of success.
  • Leadership:  An entrepreneur has a vision. However, it takes a lot of resources to turn that vision into reality. One of these resources is the people that the entrepreneur hires to perform various functions like production, supplying, accounting, etc.
  • ​​ Trade Enquiry:-  The first stage in an import transaction is to conduct enquiry and collect information about Canada which can export the required goods and then the exporter sends a reply in the form of a quotation called proforma invoice.
  • Procurement of Import License:- We will consult the Export-Import (EXIM) policy in force to know whether the textile machinery imports are subject to import licensing. In case it can be imported only against the licence, we will procure an import licence.
  • Obtaining Foreign Exchange:- As payment for imports will be made in Canadian dollars, our firm will have to make an application to a bank authorized by RBI to issue a foreign exchange.
  • Placing Order:-  After obtaining the import license, our firm will place an import order or indent with the exporter for the supply of the specified products. This order is known as indent.
  • Obtaining a Letter of Credit:- If the payment terms agreed between us and the overseas supplier then our firm should obtain the letter of credit from its bank and forward it to the overseas supplier.
  • Arranging for Finance:- Our firm would make arrangements in advance to pay to the exporter on arrival of goods at the port.
  • Receipt of Shipment Advice:- After loading the ordered textile machinery on the vessel, the overseas supplier will dispatch the shipment advice to our firm which contains information about the shipment of goods.
  • Retirement of Import Documents:- After shipping the machinery, the overseas supplier will prepare a set of necessary documents including bill of exchange, commercial invoice.
  • Arrival of Goods:-  The officer in charge at the dock will provide the document called import general manifest on the basis of which unloading of cargo will take place.
  • Customs Clearance and Release of Goods:- Textile machinery imported into India will have to pass through customs clearance.

In order to promote foreign trade, the Government has set up the following institutions:

  • Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT): Established in 1963 under the Societies Registration Act, the IIFT is an autonomous body responsible for the management of the country’s foreign trade. It is also a deemed university that provides training in international trade, conducts research in areas of international business.
  • Export Inspection Council (EIC) : The EIC was established by the Government of India under Section 3 of the Export Quality Control and Inspection Act, 1963, with the objective of promoting exports through quality control and pre-shipment inspections.
  • Indian Institute of Packaging (IIP) : The IIP is a training and research institute established in 1966 by the joint efforts of the Ministry of Commerce of the Government of lndia, Indian Packaging Industry and Allied Industries. The institute caters to the packaging needs of domestic manufacturers and exporters.
  • Indian Trade Promotion Organisation(ITPO):  The ITPO was formed on January 1, 1992, under the Companies Act, 1956. Its main objective is to maintain close interactions among traders, industry and the government.
  • Department of Commerce : The Department of Commerce is the apex body in the Ministry of Commerce of the Government of India and is responsible for formulating policies related to foreign trade as well as evolving import and export policies for the country.
  • State Trading Organisation: State Trading Organisation (STC) was established in May 1956. The main purpose of STC is to promote trade, primarily export trade among different trading partners of the globe.
  • Export Promotion Councils (EPCs):  Export Promotion Councils are non-profit institutions register under the Companies Act or the Societies Registration Act. The fundamental objective of the export promotion councils is to market and produce the nation’s exports of particular products falling under their jurisdiction.
  • SEBI (Securities and Exchange Board of India) is the regulatory authority in India and has issued guidelines for the disclosure of information and investor protection. Therefore, any company who wishes to invite funds from the general public must make adequate disclosure of all relevant information and must not conceal any material information from the potential investors.
  • In case a company is not reasonably assured of a good public response to the issue, it may appoint underwriters to the issue. Underwriters undertake to buy the shares if these are not subscribed by the public. They receive a commission for underwriting the issue. Appointment of underwriters is not necessary whenever a public company wishes to raise the required funds from the public by means of the issue of shares and debentures.
  • Jagat has promoted his business organization in the form of Sole proprietorship. A sole proprietorship form of business organisation which is owned, managed and controlled by an individual who is the recipient of all profits and bearer of all risks.
  • Ease of formation and closure: A sole proprietorship form of business organisation is not covered by a separate law. As a result, it is easy to form or close down it with minimum formalities.
  • Unlimited liability: The liability of a sole proprietor is unlimited because in the eyes of the law the owner and his business are one and the same. Therefore, the personal assets of the sole proprietor may be utilised to settle the claims of the creditors if the business assets are insufficient to meet the debts.
  • Sole risk bearer and profit recipient: A sole proprietor is not expected to share the gains of his business with anyone and remains the sole recipient of it and also the risk of failure of a business is borne all alone by him.
  • Lack of business continuity: Since a sole proprietorship business doesn’t have a separate legal entity the death, insolvency or insanity of the sole proprietor may adversely affect the business and lead to its closure.
  • Voting Rights: They have voting rights and hence they are the owners of the business.
  • Participation in Management: Using their voting rights, equity shareholders get a right to participate in the company’s management.
  • Return: These shareholders do not get a fixed dividend. They get according to the earnings of the company. They receive what is left after all other claims on the company’s income and assets have been settled.
  • Risk: They enjoy the reward and also bear the risk of ownership. Therefore, it is also called risk capital.
  • Permanent Capital: Equity capital serves as permanent capital as it is to be repaid only at the time of liquidation of a company.
  • No charge on assets of the company: Funds can be raised through equity issues without creating any charge on the assets of a company. The assets of a company are, therefore, free to be mortgaged for the purpose of borrowings, if the need be.
  • More Costly: The cost of equity shares is generally more as compared to the cost of raising funds through other sources.
  • The feature of services being discussed above is ‘Inconsistency’. It means unlike goods, services are not standardised. It may differ from individual to individual and is based on consumer demands and expectations. Moreover, the quality of services may also vary depending upon the approach of the service providers. The efficiency of a dedicated and committed service provider will be more.
  • Intangibility: Like goodwill of a business, services are intangible in nature. They cannot be touched. Since they are purely experiential is nature the quality of services cannot be determined before consumption. Therefore, it is essential that the service providers work deliberately towards creating desired services in order to ensure that the consumer undergoes a favourable experience. For example, watching a movie should be a pleasant experience for the audience.
  • Inseparability: The presence of the customer is required and his/her interaction with the process of providing services has to be managed. It is the simultaneous activity of production and consumption, thereby making both of them inseparable.
  • Inventory: Unlike goods, services cannot be produced and stored beforehand. The services have to be performed as and when a consumer asks for it. Services are perishable therefore, the marketers may keep an inventory of the related goods but not the services itself. For example, a beauty salon may only keep a ready stock of accessories like a comb, water dispenser, hairdryer, scissors, etc. which are needed to provide a haircut service to a client, but the service itself cannot be stored.

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UP Board Class 12th Hindi Question Paper 2024 with Answers_00.1

UP Board Class 12th Hindi Question Paper 2024 with Answers

The UP Board Class 12 Hindi question paper 2024 with the answer key is provided here. Check the UP board question paper and answer key 2024 pdf to match your responses and predict your marks

UP Board Class 12th Hindi Question Paper 2024 with Answers_20.1

Table of Contents

The Uttar Pradesh Madhyamik Shiksha Parishad is conducting the Hindi exam paper 2024 for the Class 12 Hindi exam on 22nd February 2024. The UP Board Class 12 Hindi exam paper is being conducted in the evening shift from 2 PM to 5:15 PM at different exam centres across the state. The UP Board Class 12 Hindi Question Paper 2024 will be provided here as soon as the examination is concluded. The UP Board Class 12 Hindi Answer Key 2024 will also be provided on this page for different exam paper sets.

UP Board Class 12 Hindi Question Paper 2024

The UP Board Class 12 Hindi question paper 2024 followed exactly the same exam pattern as the UP Board Class 12 Hindi Model Paper 2024 . The question paper consists of both the objective and subjective-type questions. The weightage of the subjective-type questions was far more than the weightage of the objective questions. The authority provides extra 15 minutes to read the UP Board 12th Hindi question paper 2024. Students can use the Hindi paper for class 12th as a reference source to match their answers.

Get UP Board Class 12 Revision Notes in Hindi

Hindi Paper 2024 Class 12 UP Board Overview

The Uttar Pradesh Board provides 3 hours and 15 minutes to solve the UP Board 12th Hindi question paper which includes 15 minutes of reading time. The UP Board 12th Hindi exam is organized in offline mode. It is expected that UPMSP will release the UP Board 12th Hindi answer key in April 2024. The overview of the UP Board Hindi model paper 2024 class 12 is given below.

UP Board Class 12 Hindi Model Paper 2024: Exam Pattern

The up board class 12 hindi model paper 2024 is based on exactly the same exam pattern as given in the Model Paper. The Class 12 Hindi question paper of the UP Board 2024 exam consists of two sections, known as Khands in Hindi. These two sections are Khand Ka (खंड क) and Khand Kha (खंड ख). Both the sections of the exam has the same weightage, i.e., 50% weightage. The UPMSP 10th question paper consists of a total of 14 questions, 7 in each sections.

The Khand Ka of the Hindi exam paper 2024 consists of essay questions along with the multiple choice questions (MCQs). There are 10 multiple choice questions in the Khand Ka. The Khand Kha of the Hindi question paper 2024 consists of only descriptive questions with Padyandsh and Gadyansh based questions. The second khand of the question paper also consists of translation questions.

UP Board Class 12th Hindi Question Paper 2024 with Answers_30.1

Hindi Model Paper 2024 Class 12 UP Board Marking Scheme

The UPSMP 12th Hindi exam paper is held for 100 marks, as expected from the marking scheme of the model paper released earlier by the Parishad. There is no internal assessment done for the Hindi subject in UP Board. As all the marks are offered through the theory exam, students must put sincere efforts to score excellent marks in the exam. Both the sections of the Hindi question paper contains equal questions (7 marks) with and equal marks (50 marks each). The MCQs are asked for 10 marks only. There is no negative marking in the exam. The exam consists of descriptive questions ranging from 2 marks to 10 marks.

UP Board Paper 2024 Class 12 PDF Download Hindi

The UP Board 12th Hindi question paper conducted on 22 February 2024 is provided below for students. The question paper is given so that students can use it to match their answers to the answer key table and PDF. Check out the UP Board Class 12 Hindi question paper 2024 PDF below in this article soon.

UP Board Class 12 Hindi Answer Key 2024

The UPMSP will release the UP Board Class 12 Hindi official answer key 2024 by the third week of April (tentative). Until then, the unofficial answer key is being provided to students by the experts. The answer key is made by the expert Hindi faculty and contains 100% accurate answers to all the questions. Students who took the UP Board Hindi exam in 2024 must go through the answer key to predict their scores. In this way, students will be more comfortable in taking future decisions based on their expected academic score.

UP Board Class 12th Hindi Question Paper 2024 with Answers_40.1

Hindi Model Paper 2024 Class 12

The UPMSP class 12th multiple choice questions and their corresponding answers is provided below. Students should check their answers with the correct answer given below. The questions and answers for the actual exam paper for Hindi will be uploaded once the exam gets over and answers to the questions are provided. Until then, students can check the most expected MCQs for the Hindi board paper 2024 below.

UP Board Class 12th Hindi Question Paper 2024 with Answers_50.1

Hindi Answer Key 2024 PDF Class 12 UP Board

The UP Board Class 12 Hindi answer key 2024 pdf is provided below for the sake of students. They can use the answer key to check correct answers of each and every questions at their own convenience. The answer key PDF will be provided here shortly.

UP Board Class 12th Hindi Question Paper 2024 with Answers_70.1

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What is the maximum marks for the UP Board Class 12 Hindi exam paper?

The UP Board class 12 Hindi exam paper is held for 100 marks. There is no internal assessment.

Are there objective-type questions in the UPMSP 12th Hindi exam?

Yes, there are around 10 MCQs in the UP Board 12th Hindi paper.

What is the total number of questions in the UPMSP 2024 Hindi question paper?

The UPMSP 12th Hindi exam paper 2024 consists of a total of 14 questions.

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