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Participant tools and worksheets

Explore the SMART Recovery participant toolkit to find worksheets with handy guides on how to use them.

  • Build and maintain motivation
  • Cope with urges
  • Problem solving
  • LifeStyle balance

Cost Benefit Analysis (CBA)

Performing a cost benefit analysis (CBA) helps individuals weigh the positives and negatives of a behavior, facilitating motivation, decision-making, and progression from precontemplation to the contemplation and preparation stage of change.

Change Plan

The change plan worksheet captures and organizes essential elements of a plan, including desired changes, reasons, steps, helpers, success indicators, and obstacles.

An awareness and understanding of urges is crucial to recovery. One way to understand urges is by recording them. After a few entries, participants may notice patterns and similarities about their urges. The log then becomes a road map that will help them to anticipate situations and emotions that may trigger urges and  plan ways to avoid recognized triggers or distract themselves from the urge until it passes.

Setting SMART Goals

It’s important to make sure goals are SMART: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Timed.

Lifestyle Balance Pie

The lifestyle balance pie helps us to visually map out which areas of life are important to us and which areas need greater attention.

DEADs: Deny/Delay; Escape; Avoid/Accept/Attack; Distract; Substitute

DEADs is an acronym that stands for "Deny," "Escape," "Accept," and "Dispute." This tool is designed to equip individuals with strategies to combat the immediate demands of addictive urges, providing practical steps to diminish their power and influence.

DIBs: Disputing Irrational Beliefs

In the realm of addiction recovery, the battleground is often not in the physical world but within the confines of our own minds. SMART Recovery, a program grounded in empowering individuals to break free from the chains of addictive behaviors, underscores the importance of mental liberation through the DIBs tool. An acronym for "Disputing Irrational Beliefs," DIBs is a central pillar in the SMART Recovery approach, guiding individuals through the process of identifying and challenging irrational beliefs that fuel addictive behaviors. This article illuminates the transformative power of DIBs in the journey toward sustainable recovery.

DISARM: Destructive Images and Self-Talk Awareness and Refusal Method

Recovery from addiction is often visualized as a battlefield where one's inner demons are the foe. These inner enemies come armed with deceptive allure, masquerading as friends or saviors, promising relief, pleasure, or escape. But, as anyone on the journey to recovery knows, yielding to these false promises leads only to more suffering. SMART Recovery arms individuals in this battle with an arsenal of tools, one of the most potent being DISARM - Destructive Images and Self-talk Awareness and Refusal Method.

HOV: Hierarchy of Values

In the throes of addiction, it's not uncommon for individuals to feel disconnected from what truly matters most to them. Activities, relationships, and principles that once held significant importance might have taken a back seat to the pursuit of addictive behaviors. SMART Recovery's Hierarchy of Values (HOV) tool is designed to bridge this gap, helping you reconnect with your authentic self and realign your daily actions with your deepest values.

Role-Playing/Rehearsal

When we think of role-playing, we might imagine actors rehearsing for a play. They try out different lines and actions, preparing for their performance. But did you know that a similar strategy can be super helpful for people working to overcome addictive behaviors? This strategy, known as the Role-play/Rehearsal tool in SMART Recovery, is a powerful way to get ready for tough situations and make smart choices.

VACI: Vital Absorbing Creative Interest

Overcoming addictive behaviors is a journey that involves more than just abstaining from substances or detrimental habits. It's about rediscovering yourself, finding joy, and engaging in activities that provide a deep sense of fulfillment and purpose. This is where SMART Recovery's VACI tool comes into play. VACI, or Vitally Absorbing Creative Interest, isn't just a fancy term; it's a beacon of hope, a way to rediscover passion and joy in life beyond addiction's confines.

USA: Unconditional Self Acceptance (and UOA and ULA)

Recovery isn't just about stopping harmful behaviors; it's also about building a mindset that supports happiness and resilience. That's where Unconditional Self-Acceptance (USA), Unconditional Other-Acceptance (UOA), and Unconditional Life-Acceptance (ULA) come in. These three pillars of acceptance in SMART Recovery help you build a strong emotional foundation by teaching you how to fully accept yourself, others, and life's challenges.

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Overcoming Your Alcohol or Drug Problem: Effective Recovery Strategies, Workbook (2 edn)

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Forms and Worksheets

  • Published: June 2006
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Substance Abuse Criteria

Substance Dependence Criteria

Self-Rating Scale

Harmful Effects Worksheet

Initial Goals for Treatment Worksheet

Assessing Your Stage of Change Worksheet

Decision-Making Matrix: Pros and cons of quitting

Therapy-Sabotaging Behavior Worksheet

Review of Your Past Treatment Experiences Worksheet

Goal-Planning Worksheet

Daily Craving Record

Substance Use Triggers Worksheet

Managing Thoughts of Using Worksheet

Emotions Worksheet

Social Pressures Worksheet

Relationships Worksheet

Interpersonal Style Worksheet

Family Effects Worksheet

Recovery Network Worksheet

Self-Help Program Worksheet

Relapse Warning Signs Worksheet

High-Risk Situations Worksheet

Lapse and Relapse Worksheet

Relapse Chain Worksheet

Teeter-Totter Balance Test

Lifestyle Balance Worksheet

Weekly Schedule Worksheet

Pleasant Activities Worksheet

Putting It All Together Worksheet: What You Learned and What You Will Continue to Do to Change

Assessing Your Psychiatric Symptoms Worksheet

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Table of Contents

Substance Abuse Worksheets (7+)

pros and cons of addiction worksheet

As a BetterHelp affiliate, we may receive compensation from BetterHelp if you purchase products or services through the links provided.

The Optimistminds editorial team is made up of psychologists, psychiatrists and mental health professionals. Each article is written by a team member with exposure to and experience in the subject matter.  The article then gets reviewed by a more senior editorial member. This is someone with extensive knowledge of the subject matter and highly cited published material.

Substance abuse worksheets help individuals clarify their concepts about the substance they are abusing and acknowledge their effects on them.

These worksheets help them to identify their urge and aid them in dealing with these urges effectively to help prevent substance abuse.

This page provides you with some of the most effective substance abuse worksheets.

Some of these worksheets have been created by us while some of them have been curated from reputable third-party websites.

Substance Abuse Worksheet- Substance Abuse 

Substance abuse is referred to as the intake or usage of drugs in a way that is harmful to the individual. Substance abuse is also known as drug abuse and includes the abuse of unprescribed medicines, illegal drugs or alcohol. 

Substance abusers are not necessarily drug addicts.

Substance abusers can change their behavior and stop misusing drugs whereas drug addicts need to seek the help of a psychologist or medical consultant for quitting the addiction.

The thoughts of substance abusers about the substance they abuse influence their actions.

Individuals neglect the harmful effects of drugs and focus on the pleasurable, calming effects it leaves on this. This results in the intake of the drug more regularly. 

Some thoughts that lead an individual to abuse the substance include “I can stay sober even after taking the drug”, “everything is under control” and “I will not abuse this substance from the next time”.

These thoughts need to be challenged and replaced with rational thoughts to prevent substance abuse.

pros and cons of addiction worksheet

Substance Abuse Worksheet- Dealing with Cravings 

Substance abuse makes an individual helpless in front of the urges and cravings to use the drug again.

In other words, substance abuse affects an individual emotionally and arouses certain emotions in an individual that influences his mood and behavior, resulting in the intake of substance or drug. 

The cravings for abusing drugs can be dealt with in many ways.

Some of the most effective ways for dealing with urges of abusing substances include delaying the intake of drugs or alcohol, escaping from the triggering emotions, thoughts or situations and avoiding them, distracting oneself to forget the cravings, using a substitute of drugs and so forth. 

pros and cons of addiction worksheet

Substance Abuse Worksheet- Recognizing Effects of Substance Abuse

Anything which is used in excess is harmful to an individual.

Substance abuse may make an individual feel high, calm and relaxed but this is only for a short time.

If continuously misused, the individual can get addicted to the substance and won’t be able to prevent their negative effects on his life, family, career, and friendships.

Substance abuse makes an individual dependent on the drug he abuses.

It affects his organs including liver, heart, brain, throat, stomach, pancreas and the nervous system.

It can lead to severe illnesses such as cancer, respiratory and heart diseases and can also result in hormonal imbalance.

Not only the substance abuser, but his family is also affected by his substance abuse.

His family members may get depressed, sad or tense due to his behavior.

His career may be ruined, spouse and children separated and quality of life decreased.

Substance abuse also increases criminal acts and violence etcetera. 

pros and cons of addiction worksheet

Substance Abuse Worksheet- Decision Making Matrix: Pros and Cons of Quitting

Identifying the pros and cons of quitting substance abuse can help an individual decide which path he wants to choose for himself.

The path on which there is only despair, destruction and aloofness or the path which ensures the mental, emotional and physical health of the individual, his family, friends, and career.

Decision-making matrix: pros and cons of quitting worksheet, is an effective worksheet that allows an individual to think of short term and long term pros and cons of substance abuse and quitting substance abuse.

This helps an individual think about his future and make the right decision at the right time.

This worksheet can be downloaded in the form of pdf from this page.

Substance Abuse Worksheet- Goal Planning Worksheet

Making goals, being positive about the outcomes, staying determined and working hard on the goals assure effective goal achievement.

Goal planning worksheet is a simple but effective worksheet that enables an individual to make goals related to recovery and think of ways in which he can achieve these goals. 

This worksheet allows an individual to think of changes in various domains including physical, psychological, social, family and so on.

This worksheet is helpful for substance abusers to move a step towards recovery by making goals and planning ways in which they are going to achieve these goals.

This worksheet is easily accessible. You can download it in the form of pdf from here .

Substance Abuse Worksheet-Coping Skills: Addictions

Coping skills: addictions worksheets, is a great detailed worksheet that helps individuals to overcome their addiction.

This worksheet mentions and explains in detail the coping skills in five major domains of life including social support, distractions, developing new habits, prevention techniques, and emotion regulation .

This worksheet helps increase the awareness of an individual about numerous strategies and skills in which the individual can cope with his addiction and prevent relapse.

This worksheet consists of 3 pages and is an effective source of learning ways to manage addiction.

This worksheet can be downloaded in the form of pdf from this page. 

Substance Abuse Worksheet- Combat Cravings Action Plan Worksheet

Combat cravings action plan worksheet, by psychpoint website, is a great attempt to help substance abusers deal with their cravings.

This worksheet allows an individual to think of ways in which he can distract himself when he craves to abuse a substance, cope with the cravings in a healthy way, seek social support and application of things he had learned while his treatment. 

This worksheet helps an individual to make a plan and follow it whenever he experiences the urge to abuse drugs.

This worksheet is a stepwise guide for coping with cravings.

You can download his worksheet from this page.

This page provided you with some of the most effective substance abuse worksheets.

Some of these worksheets were created by us while some of them were curated from reputable third-party websites.

These substance abuse worksheets are helpful for individuals who abuse drugs, alcohol or ills and finds it difficult to overcome their addiction.

These worksheets help individuals deal with their craving successfully by changing their cognitions and adopting coping skills and strategies.

Other mental health worksheets

Below are a list of other mental health worksheets which may interest you:

If you have any questions or queries regarding these worksheets, let us know through your comments, we will be glad to assist you.

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The 6 Stages of Change: Worksheets for Helping Your Clients

stages of change

That evening, he was drunk and out with friends at a night club in San Francisco when a beautiful young woman approached him. They hit it off instantly. One way or another, what he decided next would determine his future.

Perhaps unexpectedly, he made his excuses and left. Once home, he rooted through boxes, took out an old pair of sneakers, and did something he hadn’t done since college: he started running (Karnazes, 2006).

And he carried on, and on, becoming famous for winning several ultra-marathons and running across America. He has since been named as one of the “ Top 100 Most Influential People in the World” by Time magazine.

Change can take many forms. Sometimes we choose it, and sometimes it just happens.

The Transtheoretical Model of Change explains the stages we pass through when we change our behavior and provides the insights we need to intervene and move on in life.

In this article, we look at the model, explore the stages and multiple factors involved in change, and identify worksheets that can help you or your client.

Before you continue, we thought you might like to download our three Goal Achievement Exercises for free . These detailed, science-based exercises will help you or your clients create actionable goals and master techniques to create lasting behavior change.

This Article Contains:

What are the stages of change, stage 1: precontemplation, stage 2: contemplation, stage 3: preparation, stage 4: action, stage 5: maintenance, stage 6: relapse, stage 7: termination, 5 worksheets to aid your clients’ process, 4 ways to use motivational interviewing, positivepsychology.com resources, a take-home message.

The Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) – the result of the analysis of more than 300 psychotherapy theories – was initially developed in 1977 by James Prochaska of the University of Rhode Island and Carlo Di Clemente (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997).

The TTM offers a theory of healthy behavior adoption and its progression through six different stages of change: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, and termination.

TTM is a model, rather than a single method for change, combining four key constructs and a temporal dimension – not present in other theories at that time – that can help a client understand behavioral transformation.

  • Stages of change Each of the six stages must be completed in order to implement behavioral change into a client’s lifestyle.
  • Processes of change Ten processes capture the critical mechanisms for driving change.
  • Critical markers of change Beliefs and confidence develop as a client moves through the stages.
  • Context of change Factors such as risk, resources, and obstacles provide context and influence change.

How do we progress through change?

Our perception of change – for example, altering our diet or increasing exercise –transforms over time. In earlier stages, we see more cons than pros, but over time, in later stages, the balance shifts, and we start to see increased benefits to behavioral change.

The model helps us understand not only the process by which clients make an intentional change, but also the support from themselves and others that can help. As such, it provides a useful tool for therapists , counselors, and health professionals working with clients and patients.

TTM identifies six stages of readiness experienced by an individual attempting to change (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997; Liu, Kueh, Arifin, Kim, & Kuan, 2018):

  • Precontemplation – failing to recognize the need for change
  • Contemplation – seriously considering the need for change
  • Preparation – making small changes
  • Action – exercising for less than six months
  • Maintenance – regular exercise lasting longer than six months
  • Termination

The final stage, termination, is perhaps more of a destination – an end state. At this point, even if bored or depressed, the client will not return to their former way of coping (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997).

Change States

However, it is essential to note that the client’s behavior through earlier stages may not be linear. Instead, it occurs in cycles; they may revisit – or relapse – to prior stages before moving on to the next.

An individual may maintain their diet for months, but then on vacation, return to their old ways. After several weeks, they may start re-considering returning to their new diet or seek out other options.

What influences change?

Many factors impact – strengthening or weakening – the client’s ability to change.

TTM lists 10 processes that assist the progression between these stages; important ones include self-efficacy, decisional balance, and temptations.

Indeed, self-efficacy – the belief in our ability to change – is crucial to planning and executing the actions required to meet the goals we set and fight the temptation to relapse (Luszczynska, Diehl, Gutiérrez-Dona, Kuusinen, & Schwarzer, 2004).

As a result, clients high in self-efficacy are better at accepting challenges and persisting in overcoming obstacles.

The individual’s perception of the positive and negative aspects of modifying their behavior is also crucial to success. They must balance the pros and cons to decide whether to continue the journey, fall back, or give in.

Successful change requires the client to believe that the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.

But there is help at hand.

Indeed, interventions based on the TTM have resulted in substantial improvements when applied across multiple disciplines, including the workplace and health settings (Liu et al., 2018; Freitas et al., 2020).

Next, we review the six stages of change to understand what it means to be in each, its goal, and the tasks that, when completed, help a person move to the next (guided by Prochaska & Velicer, 1997).

I don't need to change

“I don’t need to change.”

Client status

Change is not wanted, needed, or possible.

Client goal

Seriously consider the need for behavioral change.

Description

The Precontemplation stage occurs when the client has no intention, now, or in the future (typically seen as six months), to change their behavior.

For example, “ I have no intention of taking up a sport or going running .”

Most likely, they are either under-informed or uninformed.

The client is either completely unaware or lacking details regarding the health benefits of changing their behavior and taking up physical exercise.

Perhaps they tried previously, with little apparent success, and have become demoralized or despondent.

  • Increase client awareness of why change is needed.
  • Discuss the risks regarding their current behavior.
  • Get the client to consider the possibility of change.
“I might change.”

Procrastination. The client intends to make the change within six months.

Commit to change in the immediate future.

The client has become acutely aware of the pros of making the change, but they are also keenly aware of the cons.

For example, “ I know I need to lose weight for my health, but I enjoy fast food. ”

Balancing the costs versus the benefits can lead to ambivalence – mixed and contradictory feelings – that cause the client to become stuck, often for an extended period.

  • Consider the pros and cons of existing behavior.
  • Weigh up the pros and cons of the new behavior.
  • Identify obstacles to change.

I will change

“I will change. Really!!”

Committed to changing their behavior.

Develop an action plan to organize resources and develop strategies to make the changes happen.

The client intends to move to the action stage soon – typically within the next month – but they are not there yet.

For example, “ I need to understand what support is available and put it in place before I stop smoking. ”

The client typically begins to put actions in place, for example, starting a gym membership, joining a class, or engaging with a personal trainer.

  • Increase the client’s commitment.
  • Write down the client’s goals.
  • Develop a change plan.
“I have started to change.”

The plan has taken effect, actions are underway, and a new pattern of behavior is forming.

The new behavioral pattern has remained in place for a reasonable length of time (typically six months).

The client has made good progress; they have modified their lifestyle over the last six months.

For example, “ I go to the gym on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays every week, and I am following a plan set out by my trainer. ”

Their new behavior is observable by other people, whether it’s exercising, eating more healthily, or no longer smoking.

  • Implement the plan.
  • Revisit and revise the plan if needed.
  • Overcome difficulties and maintain the commitment.
  • Reward successes.

I have changed

“I’ve changed.”

A new pattern of behavior has been sustained for a reasonable amount of time and is now part of the client’s lifestyle.

Sustain the new behavior for the long term.

Within the maintenance stage, the client becomes confident they can continue their new lifestyle, and the behavioral change is embedded in their lives. Perhaps equally important, they are less likely to relapse – to fall or slip back into their old selves.

For example, “ I am confident I can make healthy eating choices at home, work, or when I go out .”

Based on data from both self-efficacy and temptation studies, maintenance can last between six months and five years (Prochaska & Velicer, 1997).

  • Maintain behavior across multiple situations.
  • Continue integration into life.
  • Develop coping strategies.
  • Avoid regression or relapse into old ways.

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“I’ve returned to my old ways.”

Returned to an earlier stage.

Reaffirm commitment and begin progressing through each stage again.

A relapse is a form of regression to an earlier stage. It is not a stage in itself, but a failure to maintain the existing position in behavioral change, either as a result of inaction (e.g., stopping physical activity) or the wrong activity (e.g., beginning smoking again.)

Unfortunately, relapse is typical for many health-related behavioral changes. But it is not inevitable.

For example, “ I was out the other night and started smoking. I’ve continued since. ”

The smoker begins smoking, the new runner gives up, the diet is over, fast food is back on the menu.

  • Identify the triggers linked to relapse.
  • Reaffirm commitment to change.
  • Revisit the tasks associated with the stage the client has returned to.
“ I am changed forever.”

The temptation to return to old ways of behavior is no longer present.

None required; behavioral change is part of who the client is.

Success. The client has zero temptation, and their self-efficacy is 100%.

They will not return to their old ways, for example, if they argue with their partner, are unhappy with work, or dent their car. The unhealthy habit is no longer a part of their way of coping.

Instead, the new behavior is part of the person’s identity and lifestyle and has persisted for a long time.

For example, “ I have been keeping up with physical exercise for some years now, and even after recovering from a long-term injury, I continue to do so. ”

  • None required. The client’s old ways are in the past.

Note that an alternative view is that termination is never reached. There is always a risk of relapse into prior unhealthy ways, even several years down the line. In this picture, the individual only ever remains in the maintenance stage.

Transtheoretical model and stages of change – Practical Psychology

The following worksheets support the client in planning, implementing, and maintaining behavioral change:

The five A model

The five A framework was created to help smoking cessation but has since been successful in the management of other negative health habits (e.g., excessive drinking, lack of exercise, and substance abuse).

Decisional Balance Worksheets

Changes are most effective when there is motivation and ‘buy-in’ from the client.

The Decisional Balance Worksheet provides an excellent way of capturing pros versus cons involving a change under discussion.

Stages of Change

The Stages of Change worksheet is a free download to educate the client about the stages involved in behavioral transformation and relapse.

Relapse Prevention Plan

The Relapse Prevention Plan provides a useful resource to capture coping skills and social support, along with the potential impact of relapse in behavior.

Goal Setting

Goal Setting is crucial to any transformation. It provides focus, tracks progress, and ensures appropriate support and resources are in place for success.

Our SMART Goals Worksheet offers a valuable tool for defining and documenting realistic, achievable, and time-bound goals .

motivational interviewing

The approach has proven successful as an intervention for managing health conditions and overcoming addiction.

The OARS acronym offers guidance for a set of basic questions to be used early and on an ongoing basic in an interview:

Open questions

Invite someone to tell their story, without leading or directing them.

How can I help you with… ? What have you tried before to make a change?

Affirmations

Acknowledge someone’s strengths and behaviors that lead to positive change.

That’s a great idea. I’ve enjoyed talking with you today.

Reflective listening

Listening well is essential to building trust, engagement , and developing the motivation required to change.

Focus on the real message being spoken by repeating or rephrasing what has been said.

So you feel that… Are you wondering whether…?

This is a particular way of using reflective listening, often at the end of discussing a topic or when the interview is about to finish.

So, from what I understand so far … This is what I’ve heard; please let me know if I’ve missed anything.

The answers to the above questions feed into the process of planning with the client.

The following resources will help your client progress through the six stages, reducing the likelihood of relapse.

Basic needs satisfaction

Meeting basic psychological needs can help the client avoid becoming stuck and unable to proceed with positive behavioral changes.

WDEP questions worksheet

Use this list of questions to help a client understand what they Want, what they are Doing, Evaluate if it is working, and follow their Plan to change things for the better.

Abstraction worksheet

Download and complete this worksheet to identify the behavior to be changed, understand the steps to get there, and visualize how it will look.

Self-Directed Speech Worksheet

Use the client’s inner voice to motivate them to make changes in their life, with this Self-Directed Speech Worksheet .

Reward Replacement Worksheet

Identify and document the rewards that will arise from a change in behavior to motivate the client.

Behavior Contract

Helping the client write a Behavior Contract for the changes they wish to make can be an effective way of forming a commitment .

If-Then Planning

We often fail to act on our good intentions. If-Then planning can offer an effective strategy to turn goals into action.

Self-validation and Self-respect

Self-efficacy can grow over time as a result of a cycle of achievement and building confidence. This tool helps the client enhance their self-confidence.

Breaking out of the Comfort Zone

Growth mindsets must be translated into action, usually outside of the comfort zone. This tool helps the client identify opportunities to challenge their comfort zone.

17 Motivation & Goal-Achievement Exercises

If you’re looking for more science-based ways to help others reach their goals, this collection contains 17 validated motivation & goals-achievement tools for practitioners . Use them to help others turn their dreams into reality by applying the latest science-based behavioral change techniques.

At times we lose our way.

We don’t always eat well, exercise regularly, drink enough water, take time to learn, put our phone down, and spend time with our friends and family.

We need to change. But often we are unaware or ill-informed about what’s wrong or don’t know how to begin the process.

Understanding the steps to personal transformation is a great place to start and where the TTM can help.

The six stages of the model may not always closely map to our behavioral change, the progression between stages may seem unclear and the reasons for relapse ill-defined, but it can help you achieve your goals.

The TTM offers us insights into the journey we must take to move from where we are now, to where we want to be, by describing a useful abstraction of what is going on when we talk about change.

The model provides a lens through which we can view ourselves and our clients.

Ask yourself: What do I want to change? Am I ready to start? What stage am I at in my journey?

Use the answers, along with the TTM, the tools provided, and support from family and friends to push forward with the changes you want in life.

We hope you enjoyed reading this article. Don’t forget to download our three Goal Achievement Exercises for free .

  • Freitas, P. P., Menezes, M. C., Santos, L. C., Pimenta, A. M., Ferreira, A. V., & Lopes, A. C. (2020). The transtheoretical model is an effective weight management intervention: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 20 (1).
  • Karnazes, D. (2006). Ultramarathon man: Confessions of an all-night runner. Allen & Unwin.
  • Liu, K. T., Kueh, Y. C., Arifin, W. N., Kim, Y., & Kuan, G. (2018). Application of transtheoretical model on behavioral changes, and amount of physical activity among university’s students. Frontiers in Psychology, 9 .
  • Luszczynska, A., Diehl, M., Gutiérrez-Dona, B., Kuusinen, P., & Schwarzer, R. (2004). Measuring one component of dispositional self-regulation: Attention control in goal pursuit. Personality and Individual Differences, 37 (3), 555-566.
  • Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2013). Motivational interviewing: Helping people change (applications of motivational interviewing) (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
  • Prochaska, J. O., & Velicer, W. F. (1997). The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. American Journal of Health Promotion, 12 (1), 38–48.

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What our readers think.

Julie

I have used this model when working with long term survivors of domestic abuse, who have addictive relationships, as in the 1990’s I recognised its value with those wanting to break free but unable to sustain the changes necessary, and stay away from the abusive person long term. I have always written and run group work courses and often successfully used this model in part of the course. I am updating my recovery course for release to a wider groupwork audience, but cannot seem to find if and how to access permission or a license to use Prochaska and Diclemente’s Cycle of Change. Can you let me know if and how you have used this material – under license or with permission or is it available to use freely?

Julia Poernbacher

Prochaska and Diclemente’s Transtheoretical Model of Change (TTM) is widely reported and referred to in the literature. Since it is used in many and varied behavioral change settings, it is possible that it can be used so long as it is appropriately referenced.

I hope this helps! Kind regards, Julia | Community Manager

Vivi Mpikashe

Very useful article. All those being introduced to change need it.

Warren Raybon, Sr.

I am so appreciative that you have this information available. It is definitely a great resource to have available.

Zelle

This indeed powerful information, so clear and easily applicable

Flora Todaro Luck

Thank you very much for your article and the very useful suggestions. I have to young male patients that are anxious and depress because they are “stuck” need to change but do mot know how. Your articles is helping me to support them in their journey to change. I believe in changing… 20 years ago, I was a successful microbiologist, but I was always stressed with the “run” for success. Then I stopped work, went back to study Psychology , psychoanalysis and counselling. Now I am very happy helping my patients to change the way they see their life.

Rebecca C. Daluping

Thank you so much for sharing these life-saving ideas and concepts. I am looking forward for more. It will help me personally for my growth and for my work as well. Thank you and God bless.

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Weighing the Pros and Cons of Drug Abuse

Understanding and weighing the pros and cons of drug abuse is often a part of the process for someone who is trying to decide if they need addiction treatment and if this path will be worth it for them to begin. If you or someone you love is looking for substance abuse treatment, call 800-430-1407 Who Answers? now or search our directory .

Why Don’t Some People Want to Seek Treatment?

Drug abuse starts out as a voluntary action in most cases, according to the National Institute on Drug Abuse . But over time, it changes the way the brain works, causing a person to not be able to choose when they want to use and when they don’t. Many individuals become addicts and experience problems in their lives that are caused by their inability to stop using or control their use of drugs. But by this point, they will often not want to stop because of how the drug has changed their brain, or if they do want to stop, they will not be able to on their own.

Drug addiction also makes a person lie: to themselves and to everyone else. Some people tell themselves they don’t need treatment when they do or they start to feel that everyone is pushing against them and trying to force them to seek help when they don’t really need it. It makes people avoid treatment and the pleas of their loved ones because they want to keep using.

As a result, many people don’t seek help voluntarily until their substance abuse has become a real problem. But whenever an individual does decide to seek the treatment they need, weighing the pros and cons of drug abuse is usually part of the process.

Pros and Cons of Drug Abuse

Consider how drug abuse is affecting every aspect of your life.

If you are considering whether or not your substance abuse is causing more problems or benefits in your life and whether or not it would be a better option to seek treatment, you are at a good place. This means you are truly ready to consider the consequences of your substance abuse. However, as stated above, becoming an addict can cause a person to ignore the downsides of their substance abuse and to lie to themselves. This is why it is important to really consider how this issue is affecting your whole life.

Drug abuse can affect many aspects of an individual’s life and the lives of those they interact with on a day-to-day basis.

Professional

  • Positives : Some people start using drugs in order to increase their performance in work, school, or sports. They may also do so to take the edge off of the daily stressors caused by their professional life.
  • Negatives : However, many people experience problems at work and school because of their substance abuse. According to the National Library of Medicine , addiction can cause a person to “miss… work or school.” And, while a person may start out using drugs to increase their performance, continued and frequent use will often lead to a decreased performance.
  • Positives : Some individuals start abusing drugs in order to increase their sociability or to make friends with other people who use. This can start out making a person feel good about their social self but can quickly turn problematic.
  • Negatives : When a person starts using all the time, their social relationships tend to suffer. They will only want to spend time with those who use and, often, others will start to become concerned about their drug use. In many cases, drug addiction causes long-term relationships to dissolve and people to burn bridges with those they care deeply for.
  • Positives : Many people believe their drug use will make them feel better physically or even, in the case of anabolic steroids, become physically stronger.
  • Negatives : Substance abuse actually leads a person to experiencing more medical issues than they would have if they had avoided this behavior. Many individuals become sick or contract diseases from their drug use before they seek treatment.

Psychological

  • Positives : As stated above, some individuals use drugs to cope with stress or other psychological issues, including mental disorders ( NIDA ).
  • Negatives : However, when one seeks substance abuse as a kind of coping mechanism, it can usually make psychological problems much worse.

In addition to these issues, substance abuse has a number of other possible negative effects, including

  • Creating legal issues for those who get caught using or selling
  • Causing individuals to be in inebriated states where they are more vulnerable to dangers like muggings and assault
  • Causing individuals to get into car accidents or other types of accidents because they are inebriated or high

Weighing Continued Drug Abuse Against Treatment

Some people refuse to seek the treatment they need because they feel it will be a better solution for them to merely continue using drugs than to look for help. This myth exists for a number of reasons.

  • Belief : Treatment for addiction costs more than drug abuse.
  • According to the NIDA , rehab is much more cost effective for the country than the other solutions for substance abuse, which include continued use and prison. But it is also cheaper the individual who seeks help than for the same person to feed a habit that can sometimes cost upwards of several hundred dollars a day.
  • Belief : Treatment doesn’t work. I don’t want to waste my time and money for nothing.
  • Evidence-based practices like medication and behavioral therapy have been used for almost fifty years to create a safe recovery model for individuals in treatment. In addition, new and holistic treatments have been increasing the benefits of rehab.
  • Belief : If I relapse, it means my treatment didn’t work, and I won’t be able to recover.
  • Many people relapse at some point during their addiction recovery, but those who do must continue on their path and seek help when needed. This is the only way to create real change.

Treatment is cheaper, more successful, and safer than continued substance abuse, which means it can actually help you make a positive change in your life.

Where Can I Get Help For Drug Abuse?

How Has Substance Abuse Affected My Life?

Consider your life and the way that substance abuse has affected it. Now, begin to weigh the pros and cons of drug abuse as it has affected you.

  • Has my substance abuse caused problems between me and my friends and family members?
  • Have I lost any relationships because of my drug use?
  • Have I experienced any health problems associated with my drug use?
  • Do I notice my eating, sleeping, hygiene, etc. habits are less healthy because of my substance abuse?
  • Has my work taken a downturn, either in school or at my job, and have other people begun to notice?
  • Have I been suspended, fired, or otherwise formally reprimanded in my professional life for issues related to my substance use?
  • Have I lied to others in order to obtain or use more drugs?
  • Have I stolen to get what I wanted?
  • Have I found myself doing things I never thought I would do because I wanted another fix?
  • Is using the only way I can feel good or good about myself?
  • Have I experienced legal problems associated with my addiction?
  • Do I feel like I am less able to cope with stress, anxiety, and other negative feelings now than I used to be?
  • Does a large amount of my money go to maintaining my substance use habit, and is this beginning to affect my finances?
  • Have I ever put myself or someone I cared about in danger because I wanted to use drugs?

If you have been using drugs for a long time, or even for only a month, there is a possibility that you have experienced at least one of these negative consequences. Weighing the pros and cons of drug abuse can help you to finally realize the truth: you lose a lot more than you gain when you use, and seeking treatment is often the only way to make a real change.

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Table of Contents

Pros and Cons Worksheet 

pros and cons of addiction worksheet

The contents of this article are fact-based except otherwise stated within the article.

Dr Sabina Alispahic, PhD, is a psychologist and gestalt psychotherapist with expertise in clinical and health psychology. 

Dr Sabina Alispahic’s Highlights:

  • Associate Professor at the University of Sarajevo for the past 12 years
  • PhD in psychology at the University of Zagreb
  • European Certificate of Psychotherapy

Professional experience

Dr Alispahic pioneered innovative teaching methods as an associate professor of clinical and health psychology, inspiring a new generation of mental health professionals while contributing to the field for over 12 years. Also, she empowered individuals across the globe as an online psychotherapist, delivering life-changing therapy and earning a reputation for compassionate care and exceptional results. She has demonstrated expertise in a range of therapeutic approaches (CBT, ACT, Gestalt, mindfulness, and family constellations).

Certifications

European Certificate of Psychotherapy (Education in Gestalt Psychotherapy Training of the Malta Institute)

Eight-week stress reduction mindfulness programme, Society of Psychologists in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2009-2013 University of Zagreb, Faculty of Philosophy, Postgraduate Doctoral Studies in Psychology

2004-2008 University of Sarajevo, Faculty of Philosophy, Master Studies, Department of Psychology

Publications

Alispahic. S. (2021). Selected topics from psychotherapy Sarajevo: TDP.

Alispahic. S. (2020). Online psychotherapy. Handbook for psychotherapists and clients Sarajevo: TDP.

Alispahic, S., and Godinjak, A. (2018). (R)evolution of the doctor-patient relationship. Sarajevo: TDP.

Alispahic, S. (2016). The psychology of pain Sarajevo: Faculty of Philosophy (e-publication, Bosnian language): https://ebooks.ff.unsa.ba/index.php/ebooks_ffunsa/catalog/book/29

Book chapters

Alispahic, S. (2018). Psychological Theory and Therapy of Traumatic Memory In: A. Hamburger (ur.), Trauma, Trust, and Memory: Social Trauma and Reconciliation in Psychoanalysis, Psychotherapy, and Cultural Memory, 23-35. London and New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.

Link: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003076247-4/psychological-theory-therapy-traumatic-memory-sabina-alispahić

Markovic Pavlovic, M., Alispahic, S., and Dautbegovic, A. (2015). Psychology of Nonkilling in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Knowledge and Attitudes of Students Towards Nonkilling Culture. In: R. Bahtijaragic i J. E. Pim (ur.), Nonkilling Balkans, 171-183. Honolulu: Centre for Global Nonkilling, and Sarajevo: Faculty of Philosophy.

Link: http://nonkilling.org/pdf/nkbalkans.pdf

Alispahic, S., & Alispahic, B. (2021). Definition of police psychology: The role of psychologists in the police. Technium Soc. Sci. J., 17 , 235-244.

Link: https://techniumscience.com/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/2678

Alispahic, S., Hasanbegovic-Anic, E., & Tuce, Đ. (2021). Big Five Personality Traits as Predictors of Mindfulness: A Study on a Bosnian Sample. Epiphany , 14 (1), 146-155.

Link: http://epiphany.ius.edu.ba/index.php/epiphany/article/view/357

Alispahic, S. & Hodžić Küreç, A. (2021). How does yoga affect health?  Yoga teachers’ experiences. International Scientific Journal of Kinesiology, Vol. 12 , 2, 135-140. 

Link: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sabina-Alispahic/publication/349140097_How_does_yoga_affect_health_Yoga_teachers_experiences/links/60226c87a6fdcc37a812def3/How-does-yoga-affect-health-Yoga-teachers-experiences.pdf

Hasanbegovic-Anic, E., Sandic, A., and Alispahic, S. (2018). Prevention of substance abuse in children and adolescents: an evidence-based practice approach. Epiphany , 11 (1), 11-30. 

Link: http://epiphany.ius.edu.ba/index.php/epiphany/article/view/280

Alispahic, S. and Hasanbegovic-Anic, E. (2017). Mindfulness: Age and Gender Differences in a Bosnian Sample. Psychological Thought, Vol. 10 (1), 155–166. 

Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316560770_Mindfulness_Age_and_Gender_Differences_on_a_Bosnian_Sample

Hadziahmetovic, N., Alispahic, S., Tuce, Đ., i Hasanbegovic-Anic, E. (2016). Therapist interpersonal style and therapy benefit as determinants of client personality self-reports in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Vojnosanit Pregl, 73 (2): 135–145. 

Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/288178501_Therapist%27s_interpersonal_style_and_therapy_benefit_as_the_determinants_of_personality_self-reports_in_clients

Alispahic, S., Hasanbegovic-Anic, E., Tuce, Đ., Hadziahmetovic, N., Sandic, A. (2014). Characteristics of Patients Involved in Psychotherapy in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Health Sciences , 4 (1): 4-6. 

Link: https://www.jhsci.ba/ojs/index.php/jhsci/article/view/142

Alispahic, S. (2013). Motivational function of plans and goals. Psychological Thought, Vol. 6 (2), 96–203.

Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258225796_Motivational_Function_of_Plans_and_Goals

Professional profiles

ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sabina-Alispahic

Google Scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?hl=hr&user=TnYiVK0AAAAJ

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/sabina-alispahić/

Reviewer bio

What are the theories behind this worksheet?

The Pros and Cons Worksheet is founded on the concepts of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), a goal-oriented and strengths-based treatment. 

To support good transformation, SFBT stresses the discovery of existing strengths, resources, and effective tactics. 

The worksheet is meant to be SFBT-compliant by having tables that explore both the positive and negative elements of a specific circumstance.

How will this worksheet help you?

This worksheet will assist users in gaining a thorough grasp of your issue via the perspective of SFBT. 

You may harness your talents and effective tactics to solve obstacles by thoroughly evaluating the good and negative elements.

How should you use this worksheet?

Users can use this worksheet to state the circumstance or problem at hand. Then, start with the Positive 

Aspects table to highlight current strengths and resources. Proceed to the table of Successful Strategies to uncover historical accomplishments and useful ways. Proceed to the tables to identify problems and potential triggers.

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    worksheet. Urge surfing helps control behaviors such as drug and alcohol use, emotional outbursts, aggression, and other unwanted impulses. The goal of this technique is to recognize and accept the feelings of an urge, rather than trying to suppress them. Relaxation and distraction are used to "surf" the urge until it fades away.

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    A more detailed description and further examples of each worksheet can be found in Beck, J. S. Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond, 3rd ed. (2020), and Beck, J. S. Cognitive Therapy for Challenging Problems (2005). As noted in these books, the decision to use any given worksheet is based on the

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    Pros. Temporary escape from stress. Initial feelings of pleasure or relief. Social bonding with like-minded peers. Momentary confidence boost. Perceived coping mechanism. Sense of euphoria or excitement. 2. Cons of Addiction.

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    Enjoy your success, but with a c lear mind; p lan for temptations to re lapse. 2. Spend time or touch base with people who will reinforce you for abstinence. 3. Plan reinforc ing activiti es to do instead of add ictive behav iors. 4. Burn bridges: Avoid cues and high-risk situations for addictive behaviors. 5.

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    Substance Abuse Worksheet- Decision Making Matrix: Pros and Cons of Quitting. ... Coping skills: addictions worksheets, is a great detailed worksheet that helps individuals to overcome their addiction. This worksheet mentions and explains in detail the coping skills in five major domains of life including social support, distractions, ...

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    (Distress Tolerance Worksheets 3, 3a. 7 4 p - . 3 3 ; p 7 5) Pros and Cons Use pros and cons any time you have to decide between two courses of action. An urge is a crisis when it is very strong and when acting on the urge will make things worse in the long term. Make a list of the pros and cons of acting on your crisis urges.

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    Cognitive behavioral therapy, or CBT, is a form of psychotherapy that is effective in treating a range of mental health issues including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, and substance use disorders. 1 CBT emphasizes changing negative thought patterns to change behaviors, as well as developing and implementing healthy coping skills into one ...

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    Decisionalorksheet Balance W. When we think about making changes, most of us way . Instead, we often do what we think we "should" doing, or just feel confused or overwhelmed and the pros and cons of both changing and not making have fully considered a possible change. This or temptation. Below , write easons in the that r you can think of ...

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    The Thoughts & Behaviors: Cost / Benefit Analysis worksheet was designed for cognitive restructuring in CBT, or exploring undesirable behaviors in any other treatment approach. Clients are prompted to describe a particular thought or behavior, the costs and benefits of that thought or behavior, and a more adaptive alternative. In addition to ...

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    Weighing the Pros and Cons of Drug Abuse. Understanding and weighing the pros and cons of drug abuse is often a part of the process for someone who is trying to decide if they need addiction treatment and if this path will be worth it for them to begin. If you or someone you love is looking for substance abuse treatment, call 800-430-1407 Who ...

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  24. Pros And Cons Worksheet

    The Pros and Cons Worksheet is founded on the concepts of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT), a goal-oriented and strengths-based treatment. To support good transformation, SFBT stresses the discovery of existing strengths, resources, and effective tactics. The worksheet is meant to be SFBT-compliant by having tables that explore both the ...