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Chemistry Project Ideas for Class 12 with Free Samples
- Updated on
- Nov 20, 2023
Chemistry is one of the most fascinating and sought-after branches of science that entails enormous career opportunities. CBSE curriculum for class 12 includes investigatory chemistry projects through which the students understand the fundamental theories. If you are a 12th-class student who is looking forward to preparing an impressive project and needs some assistance with it, you are just in the right place. Through this blog, we are here to help you with every little detail you would want to know about the chemistry project for class 12.
This Blog Includes:
Adsorption , synthesis of aspirin, sterilization of water using bleaching powder, analysis of fertilizer, presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit and different stages of ripening, effect of potassium bisulphate as a food preservative, quantity of presence of casein in different samples of milk, extraction of various essential oils present in ajwain (carum), illaichi (cardamom), and saunf (fennel seeds), surface chemistry colloidal solutions, paper chromatography.
- Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy
Electrolyte Turns on the Solar Cell
100 top chemistry projects for class 12, sample chemistry project ppt for class 12, popular chemistry project for class 12.
Since you have got comparatively less time to study for your board exams, it is advisable to prepare your chemistry project easily and simply to explain. Given below are the details about the most popular chemistry project for class 12.
A process that leads to the transfer of a substance from fluid bulk to a solid surface, because of the forces of chemical bonds is called Adsorption. In this, the gaseous or liquid particles bind to a solid surface called adsorbate and form a molecular or atomic adsorbate film. Adsorption is usually a reversible process and in most cases, it is described at equilibrium which quantifies the amount which is equal to the amount of substance attached to the surface given and the concentration in the fluid. This is a popular concept among students for the chemistry project for class 12.
One of the choicest Chemistry projects for class 12 students is the making of Aspirin which is a common name for a compound named acetylsalicylic acid, majorly used as a pain killer in our day-to-day use. It is derived from salicylic acid, which is a natural product originating from the bark extracts of the willow family of plants, and was earlier used as a home remedy for curing headaches and fever. As the salicylic acid is bitter and irritating for the stomach, it is administered in the form of aspirin which proves to be less irritating.
Project Details
Here are some of the chemistry projects for class 12th explained briefly:
Aim: The following experiment is conducted to determine the quantity of bleaching powder required for the sterilization or purification of different samples of water.
Theory: Bleaching powder or Calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)] is a very common way to disinfect drinking water with accurate scientific details. By using 5 drops of bleaching power for 2 litres of water, the chemical is set to sit for half an hour which can then make it safe for drinking. Bleaching powder also reacts with decaying levels and has lesser health risks than other chemical compounds like THMs.
Requirements: 250ml measuring flask, weight box, Burette, titration flask, 100ml graduated cylinder glazed tile, glass wool, bleaching Powder, 10% KI solution, Glass wool, Sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1 N Na2S2O3), different samples of water, starch solution.
Aim: The objective of this experiment is to examine the refractive index of water using a travelling microscope.
Theory: Refraction is a phenomenon when the direction of light changes while traveling from one transparent medium to another. A refractive index is measured by calculating the ratio of the velocity of light from one medium to another.
Requirements: A beaker, a paper piece, a coin, and a traveling microscope.
Aim: To analyze the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit and different stages of ripening.
Theory: Carboxylic acids- primarily found in animals and plants- are produced in our body by the conversion of Vitamin C to oxalate. Excessive oxalate in our urine can cause hyperoxaluria (kidney stones).
Requirements: 100ml. Measuring flask burette, pestle and mortar, beaker, funnel, weighing machine, papers, filter, dilute H2SO4, L (N /10) KMnO4 solution.
Aim: The objective of this project is to analyze the effect of Potassium bisulfite as a food preservative under different conditions.
Theory: Different food materials undergo natural changes due to environmental factors like temperature, time, and enzymes which make them decayed or inconsumable. The use of potassium bisulphite (KHSO3) effectively can preserve the food material by checking its concentration under different conditions.
Requirements: Beaker, glass bottles, balance, peeler, pestle and mortar, fresh fruits, knife, potassium bisulphite and sugar.
Aim: To analyze the Quantity of the presence of casein in different samples of milk.
Theory: Caseins are proteins found in milk and the most common form is sodium caseinate. When milk is kept out for a long time, the bacteria present convert it into lactic acid, making it sour. The casein of milk starts precipitating in acidic conditions.
Requirements: Conical flask, Funnel, Beakers, Measuring cylinder(100 mL), Watch glass, Filter paper, 1% acetic acid, Different samples of milk, Glass rod.
Aim: To extract essential oil present in Ajwain (Carum), Illaichi (Cardamom), and Saunf (Fennel Seeds)
Theory: Essential oils have pleasant odours and are used are flavouring agents in food. They comprise complex mixtures and are also useful in insecticides and medical purposes. They are mostly concentrated in seeds or flowers but can be extracted from plants by steam distillation which reduces the risk of decomposition of essential oils.
Requirements: Round bottom flask (500 ml), conical flask, Steam generator (Copper Vessel), condenser, glass tubes, iron stand, sand bath, separatory funnel, tripod stands, burners, Ajwain(Carum), Petroleum ether(60-80°C), Saunf(Aniseed).
Aim: To study the surface chemistry of colloidal solutions.
Theory: Colloids are homogenous solutions that contain separate phases. The dispersed phase consists of particles that are evenly distributed in the continuous phase. Some colloids exhibit the phenomenon of the Tyndall effect which makes them translucent (Scattering of light by colloidal particles.). Gums are secreted by stems of trees and are natural polysaccharides. On heating with water, this soluble substance gets hydrolyzed and yields several monosaccharides which leads to a colloidal solution.
Requirements: Two beakers (250 ml. and 50 ml.), Funnel, wire gauze, glass rod, tripod-stand, burner, filter papers, distilled water (100 ml), Arabic gum 4.5 g
Aim: To analyze ink components in black markers/pens using paper chromatography.
Theory: Chromatography is used to separate the components from complex mixtures. Ink manufacturers mix various colours to make newer ones. Paper chromatography helps separate different ingredients by attracting them to alcohol or water.
Requirements: 100 mL beaker, 500 mL beaker, 90% isopropyl alcohol, Mini binder clips (2), Wooden splints, Different black pens and markers.
Aim: To study the potential application of nano-gold for cancer therapy.
Theory: The latest method of cancer treatment includes using particles of nano-gold to absorb light from infrared lasers and destroy a tumour. It is slightly challenging because the light must not harm the healthy tissues.
Requirements: Vial of nano-gold (red, pink, blue) suspensions, Vial of water with yellow food colouring, Flask of coloured water (red, pink, blue), LED flashlights, Magnet board (from Seeing Scale), Red theatrical gel.
Aim: To study how electrolytes and different objects influence the solar cell’s output energy.
Theory: Solar cells have more energy output when the material is blended well. Through this experiment, various objects and substances with different measures are used to impact the output energy of a solar cell.
Requirements: 10 ml vinegar, 6g Titanium Dioxide, dishwashing detergent, TiO2 solution, berries, water, glass slides, and multimeter.
Apart from these two popular choices for the chemistry project for class 12 students, you can decide and design a project based on your own choices and depending on the available resources. Given below is the list of the top 100 ideas that you can choose to prepare your chemistry project for class 12 CBSE easily:
- Sterilization of water using bleaching powder
- Analysis of fertilizer
- Chemistry in black and white photography
- Presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit and different stages of ripening
- Effect of Potassium Bisulphate as a food preservative
- Quantity of the presence of casein in different samples of milk
- Extraction of various essential oils present in Ajwain (Carum), Illaichi (Cardamom) and Saunf (Fennel Seeds)
- Surface chemistry colloidal solutions
- Paper chromatography
Electrolyte turns on the solar cell
- Effects of Dye on different types of fabric
- Comparative study of the rate of fermentation in the following substances- potato juice, wheat flour, carrot juice, gram flour, etc.
- Common food adulterants in fat, butter, oil, turmeric powder, pepper, chilli powder, sugar, etc.
- Measuring solubility of saturated solutions
- Measure the amount of acetic acid in vinegar
- Determination of contents in cold drinks
- Removal of alcohol from the body through Esterification
- Study of diffusion of solids in liquids
- Compare the rate of evaporation of water
- Check the ions present in a toothpaste
- Water concentration and texture
- Study the effects of metal coupling on the rate of corrosion
- Effects of voltage and concentration
- Effect of heat on vitamin C in tomatoes
- Removal of natural pigments by the interaction of oxygen and UV lights
- Uses of exothermic reactions
- Production of Hydrogen
- Reversible sunglasses
- Biodiesel formation
- Determining the amount of phosphate in detergents
- Preparation of Potash Alum
- Variation of conductance with temperature in electrolytes
- Measurement of the diffusion coefficient in liquids
- Preparation of soya bean milk
- Determining caffeine in tea samples
- Catalytic decomposition
- Presence of pesticides and insecticides in fruits and vegetables
- Properties of alpha, beta and gamma rays
- Digestion of starch by salivary amylase
- Invisible Ink: Modeling A Molecular Switch
- Absorbing Ammonia
- Effect of Acid Rain on Limestone Rock
- Finding EMF of Electrochemical Cell
- Alka-Seltzer Rocket Race
- The Visible Spectra of Soda Pops
- Green Chemistry: Bio-Diesel and Bio-Petrol
- Rate of Evaporation of Different Liquids
- Red Cabbage pH paper
- DNAs Secret Code
- Amorphous Solids
- Nanoparticle Stained Glass
- Photolithography
- Growing Crystals
- Antibacterial Silver
- To Determine the Ignition Property of Potassium Nitrate
- Setting Of Mixture of Cement with Sand, Time and Fly Ash
- Formation Of Biodiesel
- Electrochemical Cell
- The Neutralizing Ability of Antacid Tablets
- Modelling Zeolites
- Investigating the Strength of Paper
- Microscope Activity
- Slicing Ice
- Invisible Sunblock
- Microencapsulation
- Using Zeolites as a Fertilizer
- What Keeps The Baby Dry
- Popcorn Towers
- Vitamin C in Fruit Juices
- Optimal Temperature for the Decomposition
- Luminescent Silole Nanoparticles for Chromium (VI) Detection
- Dyeing of Wool, Silk and Cotton in Malachite Green
- Effect Of Sodium Carbonate On the Foaming Capacity Of A Soap
- Environmental Pollution
- Discoveries In The Field Of Chemistry
- Which of the Plant Materials Used
- Which Road Deicer Corrodes Steel the Most?
- Extraction of Nicotine Sulphate from Samples of Cigarettes
- Fermentation
- Fuel Go Boom
- Get More Hydrogen from Your Water
- Investigation Of Foaming Capacity Of Different Washing Soap
- Measuring Solubility
- Mohr’s salt
- Acid vs. Teeth
- Why Are the Apples Brown
- Percentage Purity Of Iron Wire
- Preparation Of Cuprammonium Rayon Threads
- Preparation of Ink
- Preparation of Toilet Soaps
- Study of Constituents of an Alloy
- Study of Diffusion of Solids in Liquids
- To Analyze a Sample of Brass Qualitatively
- To Prepare a Smoke Bomb
- Acidity In Tea
- Aldol Condensation
- Analysis Of Honey
- Comparing Lactose Percentage between Whole Milk and Powdered Milk
Also Read: Chemistry Reference Books for Class 12
Explore more
Investigatory projects are part of an obligatory assignment involving purely experimental procedures so that you report on, duplicate, or adapt something that someone else has already discovered. It may involve some other form of investigation also.
Chemistry is one of the more important and challenging subjects of the CBSE Class 12 Science stream.
A project can help students understand the complicated organization of the subject. CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Prohibition and Models are logical and offer exceptional and thorough explanations. Moreover, the projects and models make it easy for the students to understand the explanation behind derivations, laws, equations, and other concepts.
We hope that we have provided you with every little detail you wanted to prepare for your chemistry project for class 12. If you are looking forward to pursuing a career in any of the branches of chemistry , abroad turn up to Leverage Edu . Book your 30 minutes of free career counselling session with us and get the answers to all your career-related queries.
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Project on removal of alcohol for human body by esterification
Hi Shivam, Get in touch with our experts and they will provide you with projects ideas on this topic.
This is very useful for me as a yearb12 learner
What exactly can I do for the topic “compare rate of evaporation of water”
Thank you for your feedback!
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100+ CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project Topics 2024
Manali Ganguly ,
Dec 22, 2023 | CBSE 12th
Share it on:
The top CBSE class 12 chemistry investigatory project topics 2024 are amount of casein in different milk samples, surface chemistry of colloidal solutions, paper chromatography and a lot more.
The most popular CBSE class 12 chemistry investigatory project topics 2024 are sterilising water with the use of bleaching powder, surface chemistry of colloidal solutions, extraction of the essential oils from fennel seeds, cardamom, and carum, paper chromatography, amount of casein in different milk samples, and many more.
The investigatory project in CBSE class 12th is a part of the Chemistry practical question paper. The investigatory project carries 4 marks. Students can score full marks in the project if they choose the project topic wisely. The concept and the topic must be known thoroughly.
This article lists down the most popular topics for the Investigatory Project in CBSE class 12 Chemistry practical examination.
Table of Contents
- Sterilising water with the use of bleaching powder
- Surface chemistry of colloidal solutions
- Extraction of the essential oils from fennel seeds, cardamom, and carum
- Paper chromatography
- Amount of casein in different milk samples
- Presence of oxalate in guava
- Potassium bisulphite as a food preservative
- Analysing a fertiliser
List of 100+ CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project Topics 2024
Top 8 cbse class 12 chemistry investigatory project topics 2024.
The most popular CBSE class 12 chemistry investigatory project topics have been shared below:
1. Sterilising water with the use of bleaching powder
Objective: The experiment aims to determine the amount of bleaching powder needed for purifying or sterilising various samples of water.
Requirements: Burette, weight box, titration flask, measuring flask (250 ml), graduated cylinder (100 ml), glazed tile, bleaching Powder, glass wool, 10% KI solution, Sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1 N Na2S2O3), starch solution, Glass wool, different water samples
Theory: Drinking water is most commonly purified using bleaching powder or sodium hypochlorite. 5 drops of bleaching powder is added to 2 litres of water. The water is kept for 30 minutes to allow the chemical to disinfect the water, thereby making it fit to drink. Bleaching powder has fewer health risks as compared to other chemicals.
2. Surface chemistry of colloidal solutions
Objective: The experiment aims to understand the surface chemistry of colloidal solutions.
Requirements: Beaker 1 (250 ml), Beaker 2 (50 ml), distilled water (100 ml), wire gauze, funnel, glass rod, burner, tripod-stand, filter papers, Arabic gum (4.5 g)
Theory: Colloids are said to be homogenous solutions containing different phases. The dispersed phase contains particles which are distributed evenly in the continuous phase. Some colloids also exhibit the Tyndall effect which is the phenomenon of light being scattered by colloidal particles, making them translucent. Gums are secreted by the stems of trees. These gums are natural polysaccharides. When heated with water, this soluble substance becomes hydrolyzed, therefore producing numerous monosaccharides. This results in a colloidal solution.
3. Extraction of the essential oils from fennel seeds, cardamom, and carum
Objective: The experiment aims to extract the essential oils in fennel seeds, cardamom, and carum
Requirements: Conical flask, round bottomed flask (500 ml), condenser, steam generator (copper vessel), iron stand, glass tubes, separatory funnel, sand bath, burners, tripod stands, carum, cardamom, aniseed, petroleum ether (60-80°C)
Theory: Essential oils are used in foods as flavouring foods because of their pleasant smells. They consist of complex mixtures. These essential oils are extracted from the seeds and flowers by the method of steam distillation. This method of extraction prevents the essential oils from decomposing.
Also Read: CBSE 12th Chemistry Practical Syllabus 2023-24 - Download PDF
4. Paper chromatography
Objective: The experiment aims to understand the components of ink in the pens and markers through the method of paper chromatography
Requirements: Beaker 1 (500 ml), Beaker 2 (100 ml), Wooden splints, 90% Isopropyl alcohol, Mini binder clips (2), markers , black pens
Theory: Chromatography is the method of separating the component from the complex mixtures. Several different colours are mixed to form new colours by the ink manufacturers. Various components present in the ink are separated through chromatography, which involves attracting the components to water or alcohol.
5. Amount of casein in different milk samples
Objective: The experiment aims to measure the quantity of casein present in different samples of milk
Requirements: Funnel, conical flask, beakers, watch glass, measuring cylinder (100 ml), filter paper, different samples of milk, 1% acetic acid, glass rod
Theory: Caseins are a form of protein. These are present in milk in very high quantities. The most common type of casein that is found in milk is sodium caseinate. When the milk is unrefrigerated for a very long time, it curdles because bacteria turns it into lactic acid. When exposed to acidic conditions, the casein of milk precipitates.
6. Presence of oxalate in guava
Objective: The experiment aims to analyse the presence of the oxalate ions in guava together with the different ripening stages
Requirements: Measuring flask (100 ml), burette, beaker, pestle and mortar, funnel, weighing machine, filter, papers, (n/10) KMnO4 solution, dilute H2SO4
Theory: Carboxylic acid is a form of acid which is mostly present in animals and plants. It is also present in the human body. During the ripening of guava, the oxalate ions present in the fruit increase at a very fast rate. At a stage when the fruit is the ripest, the amount of oxalate ions present in it is maximum.
Also Check: CBSE Class 12th Chemistry Syllabus 2023-24
7. Potassium bisulphite as food preservative
Objective: The experiment aims to analyse the role of potassium bisulphite as a preservative of food under varying conditions
Requirements: Beaker, balance, glass bottles, peeler, fresh fruits, pestle and mortar, knife, sugar, potassium bisulphite
Theory: Different kinds of foods undergo chemical changes under standard conditions of temperature, and pressure, and because of various enzymes present in the natural environment. This renders the food unfit for consumption. Potassium bisulphite is used as a preservative for food, preventing the decomposition of food under standard temperature and pressure.
8. Analysing a fertiliser
Objective: The experiment aims to analyse the amount of fertiliser which should be used to yield maximum produce that is economically viable for the producer.
Requirements: Different fertilisers such as urea, superphosphate of lime, ammonium sulphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, etc.
Theory: A fertiliser can be a nitrate mixture or a manure. Fertilisers are used to yield good produce of crops. These are used in the soil to increase its fertility thereby helping the plants and crops give better yield. Fertilisers are the components which are responsible for increasing the fertility of the soil by adding potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen, etc. to help the plants produce better quality and quantity of crops.
Also Read: CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Viva Questions with Answers 2023-24
Apart from the list shared above, the students can also refer to these additional topics for the Chemistry investigatory project that is shared below.
- Abiotic Synthesis of Silicon-Based Life
- Formation of acid ice
- Absorbing Ammonia
- Acid versus Teeth
- Acidity In Tea
- Adjusting the level of Chlorine to minimise loss through evaporation
- Adulterants in Food
- Activated Charcoal
- Aldol Condensation
- Are Copper Pipes a Significant Source of Copper in Drinking Water
- Alternative methods to produce Iodized Salt
- Alka-Seltzer rocket race
- Amorphous solids
- Amateur studies in polymer construction
- An Ionic inquiry gives saline solutions
- Analysis of honey
- Analysis of bioactive compounds in arctostaphylos in different solvents
- Analysis of fruit and vegetables juices
- Analysing the water for mercury through the use of light
- Antibacterial Silver
- Do Copper Pipes a act as a good copper resource in Drinking Water
- Analysis of fertilisers
- Apple dehydration
- How can biodiesel be fuel for the future
- Blocking the ultraviolet light
- The science of cake
- Calcium Oxalate: Protector of Marble
- Calories count
- Does electricity affect the quality of hardness of water?
- Catalytic decomposition
- Chemical analysis of artificial and authentic Red Coral
- Chemical investigation of the content of water and an analysis of pH
- Chemistry in a Black and White Photography
- Analysis of Chocolates
- Commercial antacid
- Comparative study and a qualitative analysis of various brands of soft drinks
- Comparing the percentage of lactose between powdered milk and whole milk
- Comparing the differences in Fingerprints
- Comparing two biodiesel recipes from the view of Flashpoint
- Composite study of the Bio-Diesel
- Control of the Hydrophilicity in a Nanoporous Zeolite Film
- Controlling the growth of Crystal
- Cooking destroys the Vitamins
- Correlation between corrosion and conductivity
- Creating an alternative fuel: Making an oxyhydrogen gas or producing hydrogen gas through electrolysis or vice versa, and producing electricity from hydrogen gas
- Destruction of the natural pigments through the interaction of ultraviolet light and oxygen
- Determining the amount of caffeine in different samples of tea
- Determination of the content of toothpaste
- Determining theta by variable solvent
- Dialysis of various sewage water samples and an identification of different ions in the resulting solutions
- Digitally advanced thin layered chromatography
- Discovery of new natural dye in the garden
- The secret code in DNAs
- Do the oranges gain or lose vitamin C when picked?
- Does acid catalyse the rusting of steel?
- Do all the fibres burn at a similar rate?
- Does toothpaste stop bacterial growth?
- Does the methods of cooking methods affect the quantity of Vitamin C present in Carrots
- Does the quantity of ammonia affect the forming of salt crystals
- Dyeing of silk, wool and cotton in Malachite Green
- Studying the effect of acid rain on limestone rock
- Studying the effect of electrolysis on the phenomenon of solar desalination
- Studying the effect of coupling of metal on the rate of corrosion
- Studying the effect of sodium carbonate on foaming capacity of soap
- Studying the effect of temperature on chemical reaction
- Studying the effect of temperature on Ascorbic Acid Decay
- Studying the effect of the pH of electrolyte in the optimization of hydrogen fuel cell
- Studying the effect of temperature and water in altering the levels of toxicity of different pollutants
- Studying the effect of dye on various kinds of fabric
- Studying the effect of heat on the Vitamin C content in tomatoes
- Electrical cleavage of a mineral ore
- Electricity and electrolyte
- The functioning of electrochemical cell
- The process of electrographic Metal Detection
- The separation of Hydrogen from salt water through electrolysis
- Electrolytes turning on the Solar Cell
- Elucidation of the molecular Structure as well as bonding by Viscosity
- Energy Content in candy bars
- Evaluation and study of the qualitative of obtaining drinking water from different sources
- Estimation of the quantity and the content of bone ash
- The process of evaporation of Liquids
- The process of extraction of Nicotine Sulphate from various samples of Cigarettes
- The process of examining the Freezing Point Depression (FPD)
- Finding the difference of conductance with temperature in different electrolytes
- Studying the fatty material contained in different samplesof soap
- The process of fermentation
- Fingerprinting in a Crime Scene Investigation
- Finding the EMF of an Electrochemical Cell
- Formation and characterization of the Floating and self-assembling
- The foaming capacity of various soaps
- Fuel for the Future
- Super-hydrophobic nano particle membranes
- Thermochemistry and Hess' Law
- Growing crystals under different conditions
- Can freezing make anything warmer?
- What is the difference between carbon dioxide gas and the same quantity of CO2 solid?
- Is corrosion of iron affected by seawater?
- How fast do the ions in Hydrogen diffuse through water?
- What is the science behind powering an engine with water?
- How to increase the speed of a chemical reaction?
- Can hydrofoam change the way the world is powered?
- Ice Spike Formation in the Presence of a Strong Wind
- Are vegetable dyes effective? Comment.
- The production of hydrogen
Also, Check : Best Reference Books for CBSE Class 12th Chemistry
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Chemistry investigatory projects for class 12, topics and samples.
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Safalta Expert Published by: Noor Fatima Updated Wed, 10 Jan 2024 06:23 PM IST
Here is important and relevant information regarding Chemistry Investigatory Projects for Class 12. Read the article to know about these projects and around 100 ideas for Chemistry Investigatory Projects for Class 12.
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Popular chemistry investigatory projects for class 12, synthesis of aspirin, adsorption .
- Sterilization of water using bleaching powder
Quality of Presence of Casein in Different Samples of Milk
Paper chromatography , effect of potassium bisulfate as a food preservative, surface chemistry colloidal solutions, top 50 chemistry investigatory projects for class 12.
- Common food adulterants in fat, butter, oil, turmeric powder, pepper, chili powder, sugar, etc.
- Measuring solubility of saturated solutions
- Measure the amount of acetic acid in vinegar
- Determination of contents in cold drinks
- Removal of alcohol from the body through Esterification
- Study of diffusion of solids in liquids
- Analysis of fertilizer
- Chemistry in black and white photography
- Presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit and different stages of ripening
- Compare the rate of evaporation of water
- Check the ions present in toothpaste
- Preparation of Toilet Soaps
- Study of Constituents of an Alloy
- Study of Diffusion of Solids in Liquids
- To Analyze a Sample of Brass Qualitatively
- To Prepare a Smoke Bomb
- Acidity In Tea
- Aldol Condensation
- Analysis Of Honey
- Water concentration and texture
- Study the effects of metal coupling on the rate of corrosion
- Effects of voltage and concentration
- Variation of conductance with temperature in electrolytes
- Measurement of the diffusion coefficient in liquids
- Preparation of soya bean milk
- Determining caffeine in tea samples
- Catalytic decomposition
- Presence of pesticides and insecticides in fruits and vegetables
- Properties of alpha, beta, and gamma rays
- Digestion of starch by salivary amylase
- Invisible Ink: Modeling A Molecular Switch
- Green Chemistry: Bio-Diesel and Bio-Petrol
- Rate of Evaporation of Different Liquids
- Red Cabbage pH paper
- Effect of heat on vitamin C in tomatoes
- Removal of natural pigments by the interaction of oxygen and UV lights
- Uses of exothermic reactions
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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project Topics
Author : Akash Kumar Singh
Updated On : November 14, 2023
Summary: Discover the amazing world of CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Projects! Dive into exciting chemical experiments, insightful analysis, and unexpected discoveries. Explore a variety of fascinating topics that ignite your scientific curiosity.
Chemistry is one of the most fascinating science subjects. Chemistry is engaged in practically every aspect of our daily lives. It's always fascinating to discover how chemical reactions affect our lives.
A chemical investigational project is a scientific investigation aimed at investigating a specific topic or question. It usually entails performing research in the discipline of chemistry as part of a scientific fair or an individual study.
Examining the qualities of a novel material, analysing the chemical composition of a specific item, or evaluating the efficiency of a newly established technique for synthesising a chemical molecule are all examples of CBSE class 12 chemistry investigatory projects.
Designing and executing experiments, systematically analysing the collected results, and finally presenting the findings through a detailed report or a well-structured presentation are all part of the process of completing a CBSE class 12 chemistry investigatory project.
We give an extensive list of popular CBSE class 12 chemistry investigatory project topics that students might explore in their studies in the sections that follow.
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CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project Topics: Overview
Before we get into the CBSE Class 12 chemistry investigative project topics, let's have a look at the CBSE Class 12 exams in general.
Read more: CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus
10 Most Popular CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Project Topics
Because you have less time to study for your board examinations, it is best to prepare your chemistry project so that it is easy to explain. The most common chemistry project for class 12 is described here.
Adsorption
A process that leads to the transfer of a substance from fluid bulk to a solid surface, because of the forces of chemical bonds is called Adsorption. In this, the gaseous or liquid particles bind to a solid surface called adsorbate and form a molecular or atomic adsorbate film. Adsorption is usually a reversible process and in most cases, it is described at equilibrium which quantifies the amount which is equal to the amount of substance attached to the surface given and the concentration in the fluid. This is a popular concept among students for the chemistry project for class 12.
Synthesis of Aspirin
One of the choicest Chemistry projects for class 12 students is the making of Aspirin which is a common name for a compound named acetylsalicylic acid, majorly used as a pain killer in our day-to-day use. It is derived from salicylic acid, which is a natural product originating from the bark extracts of the willow family of plants, and was earlier used as a home remedy for curing headaches and fever. As the salicylic acid is bitter and irritating for the stomach, it is administered in the form of aspirin which proves to be less irritating.
Read more: CBSE Toppers Talk
Analysis of Fertilizer
Aim: The objective of this experiment is to examine the refractive index of water using a travelling microscope.
Theory: Refraction is a phenomenon when the direction of light changes while traveling from one transparent medium to another. A refractive index is measured by calculating the ratio of the velocity of light from one medium to another.
Requirements: A beaker, a paper piece, a coin, and a traveling microscope.
Effect of Potassium Bisulphate as a Food Preservative
Aim: The objective of this project is to analyze the effect of Potassium bisulfite as a food preservative under different conditions.
Theory: Different food materials undergo natural changes due to environmental factors like temperature, time, and enzymes which make them decayed or inconsumable. The use of potassium bisulphite (KHSO3) effectively can preserve the food material by checking its concentration under different conditions.
Requirements: Beaker, glass bottles, balance, peeler, pestle and mortar, fresh fruits, knife, potassium bisulphite and sugar.
Sterilization of Water Using Bleaching Powder
Aim: The following experiment is conducted to determine the quantity of bleaching powder required for the sterilization or purification of different samples of water.
Theory: Bleaching powder or Calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)] is a very common way to disinfect drinking water with accurate scientific details. By using 5 drops of bleaching power for 2 litres of water, the chemical is set to sit for half an hour which can then make it safe for drinking. Bleaching powder also reacts with decaying levels and has lesser health risks than other chemical compounds like THMs.
Requirements: 250ml measuring flask, weight box, Burette, titration flask, 100ml graduated cylinder glazed tile, glass wool, bleaching Powder, 10% KI solution, Glass wool, Sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1 N Na2S2O3), different samples of water, starch solution.
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Extraction of various essential oils present in Ajwain (Carum), Illaichi (Cardamom), and Saunf (Fennel Seeds)
Aim: To extract essential oil present in Ajwain (Carum), Illaichi (Cardamom), and Saunf (Fennel Seeds)
Theory: Essential oils have pleasant odours and are used are flavouring agents in food. They comprise complex mixtures and are also useful in insecticides and medical purposes. They are mostly concentrated in seeds or flowers but can be extracted from plants by steam distillation which reduces the risk of decomposition of essential oils.
Requirements: Round bottom flask (500 ml), conical flask, Steam generator (Copper Vessel), condenser, glass tubes, iron stand, sand bath, separatory funnel, tripod stands, burners, Ajwain(Carum), Petroleum ether(60-80°C), Saunf(Aniseed).
Presence of Oxalate Ions in Guava Fruit and Different Stages of Ripening
Aim: To analyze the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit and different stages of ripening.
Theory: Carboxylic acids- primarily found in animals and plants- are produced in our body by the conversion of Vitamin C to oxalate. Excessive oxalate in our urine can cause hyperoxaluria (kidney stones).
Requirements: 100ml. Measuring flask burette, pestle and mortar, beaker, funnel, weighing machine, papers, filter, dilute H2SO4, L (N /10) KMnO4 solution.
Quantity of Presence of Casein in Different Samples of Milk
Aim: To analyze the Quantity the presence of casein in different samples of milk.
Theory: Caseins are proteins found in milk and the most common form is sodium caseinate. When milk is kept out for a long time, the bacteria present convert it into lactic acid, making it sour. The casein of milk starts precipitating in acidic conditions.
Requirements: Conical flask, Funnel, Beakers, Measuring cylinder(100 mL), Watch glass, Filter paper, 1% acetic acid, Different samples of milk, Glass rod.
Read more: CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Preparation Books
Surface Chemistry Colloidal Solutions
Aim: To study the surface chemistry of colloidal solutions.
Theory: Colloids are homogenous solutions that contain separate phases. The dispersed phase consists of particles that are evenly distributed in the continuous phase. Some colloids exhibit the phenomenon of the Tyndall effect, which makes them translucent (Scattering of light by colloidal particles.). Gums are secreted by stems of trees and are natural polysaccharides. On heating with water, this soluble substance gets hydrolyzed and yields several monosaccharides which leads to a colloidal solution.
Requirements: Two beakers (250 ml. and 50 ml.), Funnel, wire gauze, glass rod, tripod-stand, burner, filter papers, distilled water (100 ml), Arabic gum 4.5 g
Paper Chromatography
Aim: To analyze ink components in black markers/pens using paper chromatography.
Theory: Chromatography is used to separate the components from complex mixtures. Ink manufacturers mix various colours to make newer ones. Paper chromatography helps separate different ingredients by attracting them to alcohol or water.
Requirements: 100 mL beaker, 500 mL beaker, 90% isopropyl alcohol, Mini binder clips (2), Wooden splints, Different black pens and markers.
Read more: Marking Scheme of CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Examination
Top CBSE Chemistry Investigatory Project Topics for Class 12
Apart from these popular CBSE class 12 chemistry investigatory project ideas, students can choose and set up a project based on their own preferences and accessible resources. The following is a comprehensive list of CBSE class 12 chemistry investigatory project subjects from which you may pick to simply prepare your CBSE chemistry investigatory project for class 12:
Read more: Chemistry Exam Tips and Tricks for CBSE Class 12
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Investigatory Projects will take you on a journey of scientific discovery. These fascinating topics are sure to keep your interest and take you on a fascinating journey through the world of chemistry. So, roll up your sleeves and get ready to experiment!
Read more: How to Score 100 in CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Exam?
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Frequently Asked Questions
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Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12 Topics, Samples, PDF Download
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12 is an important part of the class 12 board exams. Get the list of common chemistry investigatory project class 12 Topics with all the detailed information
Table of Contents
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12
The Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12 Curriculum is very crucial that help the students comprehend the basic topics. Chemistry is one of the most scoring and interesting subjects in the field of science. Since chemistry plays a role in almost all aspects of our daily lives, learning how chemical processes impact our lives is intriguing. you have come to the proper place if you’re looking for intriguing Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12 topics and need help with them. Here, we are ready to assist you with a comprehensive list of appreciated Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12 Topics complete with all the necessary information.
Chemistry Project Class 12
It is remarkable that chemistry affects almost every aspect of our daily life. A chemistry investigatory project is a scientific investigation aimed at investigating a specific topic or concern. The Chemistry Project Class 12 is an important part of the CBSE class 12 curriculum . Examining the qualities of a novel material, assessing the chemical composition of a specific item, or evaluating the efficiency of a newly created technique for manufacturing a chemical compound are all examples of Chemistry Project Class 12 activities.
Investigatory Project in Chemistry for Class 12: Samples
The investigatory project in chemistry for class 12 includes doing research in the discipline of chemistry. Designing and executing experiments, methodically evaluating the collected results, and finally presenting the findings through a detailed report or a well-structured presentation are all part of the process of completing a chemical investigatory project. The sections that follow show some popular chemistry investigatory project class 12 ideas that students can explore in their studies.
Check: Physics Class 12 Investigatory Project PDF
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12- Sterilization of Water Using Bleaching Powder
Objective: The goal of this experiment is to identify the amount of bleaching powder required for the sterilization or purification of various water samples.
Theory: With proper scientific details, bleaching powder or calcium hypochlorite [Ca(ClO)] is a relatively frequent approach to clean drinking water. The chemical is set to sit for half an hour after utilizing 5 drops of bleaching power for 2 liters of water, making it safe to drink. Bleaching powder reacts with declining levels as well and poses fewer health dangers than other chemical substances such as THMs.
Requirements: 250ml measuring flask, weight box, Burette, titration flask, 100ml graduated cylinder glazed tile, glass wool, bleaching powder, 10% KI solution, glass wool, sodium thiosulfate solution (0.1%)
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12- Oxalate Ion Presence in Guava Fruit at Different Ripening Stages
Objective: To study the occurrence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at various stages of ripening.
Theory: Carboxylic acids, which are found largely in animals and plants, are created in our bodies through the conversion of Vitamin C to oxalate. The presence of too much oxalate in our urine might result in hyperoxaluria (kidney stones).
Requirements: Pestle and mortar, beaker, funnel,100ml. Measuring flask burette weighing machine, papers, filter, dilute H2SO4, L (N /10) KMnO4 solution.
Get CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Sample Papers With Solutions
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12- Paper Chromatography
Objectives: Using paper chromatology, determine the ink components in black pens and markers.
Theory: Chromatology is used to separate the components of complex combinations. Ink makers combine several hues to create new ones. Paper chromatology aids in the separation of distinct components by drawing them to water or alcohol.
Requirements: 90% isopropyl alcohol, 100 mL beaker, 500 mL beaker, various black pencils and markers Wooden splints, little binder clips (2).
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12- Surface Chemistry Colloidal Solutions
Objective: The goal of this research is to investigate the surface chemistry of colloidal solutions.
Theory: Colloids are homogeneous solutions that contain distinct phases. The particles in the dispersed phase are evenly distributed in the continuous phase. Some colloids show the Tyndall effect, which causes them to be translucent (light scattering by colloidal particles). Gums are natural polysaccharides released by tree stems. When heated with water, this soluble material hydrolyzes and produces multiple monosaccharides, resulting in a colloidal solution.
Requirements: Two beakers (250 mL and 50 mL), funnel, wire gauze, glass rod, tripod-stand, burner, filter papers, distilled water (100 mL), and 4.5 g Arabic gum are required
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12- Casein Presence Quality in Different Milk Samples
Objective: The goal of this study is to determine the amount of Casein present in various milk samples.
Theory: Caseins are proteins that are found in milk. Sodium caseinate is the most prevalent type. When we leave milk outside for an extended amount of time, the bacteria in it convert it to lactic acid, turning it sour. In acidic conditions, milk casein begins to precipitate.
Requirements: Filter paper, Conical flask, various milk samples, funnel, Watch glass, Glass rod, Measuring cylinder (100mL), and 1% acetic acid are required.
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12- Analysis of Fertilizer
Objective: The goal of this experiment is to study the refractive index of water using a traveling microscope.
Theory: Refraction is a phenomenon that occurs when the direction of light changes as it travels from one clear medium to another. A refractive index is calculated by dividing the velocity of light from one medium by the velocity of light from another.
Requirements: A beaker, a piece of paper, a coin, and a traveling microscope are required.
Investigatory Project of Chemistry Class 12 Pdf Download
Students can also download the investigatory project of chemistry class 12 pdf download by clicking on the link given below.
Investigatory Project of Chemistry for class 12 pdf
Chemistry Investigatory Project Class 12: Topics
It is advised to choose Chemistry Investigatory Project topics that are simple to describe because you have relatively less time to study for your board exams. Aside from the above chemistry investigatory project class 12, we’ve compiled a list of some of the most common chemistry investigatory project class 12 easy topics.
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Which is the best topic for chemistry project class 12?
Following are the best topic for chemistry project class 12 are: 1) Paper Chromatography 2) Study of diffusion of solids in liquids 3) Analysis of fertilizer 4) Sterilization of water using bleaching powder 5) To Prepare a Smoke Bomb 6) Aldol Condensation
How to make Chemistry Investigatory Project?
A chemistry investigatory project is a scientific investigation aimed at investigating a specific topic or concern. The Chemistry Investigatory Project is an important part of the CBSE class 12 curriculum. Examining the qualities of a novel material, assessing the chemical composition of a specific item, or evaluating the efficiency of a newly created technique for manufacturing a chemical compound are all examples of Chemistry Investigatory Project class 12 activities.
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Nov 21, 2023
10 Chemistry Project Ideas for Class 12
Embark on a captivating journey through Class 12 Chemistry projects. From unravelling the secrets of diffusion in solids and liquids to exploring the composition of fertilizers, each project offers a hands-on experience and their real-world applications.
Image Source: Getty-Images
Study of Diffusion of Solids in Liquids
Explore the fascinating world of diffusion as solids interact with liquids. Investigate the factors influencing this process, unveiling insights into molecular movement and substance interaction within a solution.
Analysis of Fertilizer
Delve into the composition of fertilizers, unravelling the essential nutrients for plant growth. Through detailed analysis, gain a deeper understanding of the impact of fertilizers on soil fertility and crop productivity.
Sterilization of Water Using Bleaching Powder
Investigate the effectiveness of bleaching powder in sterilizing water. Uncover the chemical processes that neutralize harmful microorganisms, ensuring safe and potable water for various applications.
Preparation of a Smoke Bomb
Step into the realm of pyrotechnics with the creation of a smoke bomb. Explore the chemical reactions behind its formation, understanding the components that contribute to the visually captivating and controlled smoke emission.
Aldol Condensation
Immerse yourself in the intricacies of aldol condensation, a fundamental organic reaction. Investigate the synthesis of compounds through the union of aldehydes and ketones, gaining insights into the molecular transformations and product formations.
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Study of constituents of an alloy.
Dive into the world of alloys, examining the composition of metals and their unique properties. Uncover the intricate blend of elements, defining the structural and mechanical characteristics that make alloys vital in various industries.
Preparation of Toilet Soaps
Explore the art and science of soap-making. Investigate the chemical processes involved in saponification, crafting toilet soaps with varying properties. Understand the role of fats and alkalis in creating cleansing agents.
Water Concentration and Texture
Study the concentration and texture of water, analyzing its physical properties. Explore the factors influencing water's texture, whether soft or hard and understand the implications of these characteristics in different applications.
Measure the Amount of Acetic Acid in Vinegar
Engage in a precise analysis of vinegar, measuring its acetic acid content. Explore titration techniques to determine the concentration of acetic acid, gaining practical skills in quantitative chemical analysis.
Removal of Alcohol from the Body through Esterification
Investigate the intriguing process of esterification in the context of alcohol metabolism. Explore how the body breaks down alcohol through this chemical reaction, shedding light on the physiological aspects of alcohol elimination.
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Get Practical Knowledge about Class 12 Chemistry Chapters in Detail
The Chemistry Practical Class 12 exams are an essential part of the subject's assessment and play a vital role in the overall academic performance of the students. These practicals provide students with hands-on experience in conducting experiments, analyzing data, and drawing conclusions, which is critical to understanding the subject's practical applications.
The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Practical Syllabus is divided into two sections - A and B. Section A consists of different experiments that students are required to perform during the practical exam. The experiments include topics such as qualitative analysis, salt analysis, and volumetric analysis. Section B consists of project work, which requires students to select a topic of their interest and carry out research and experimentation based on it.
The practical component of Class 12 Chemistry enables students to develop a better understanding of the theoretical concepts and principles taught in the classroom. It helps them to apply these concepts to real-life situations, thereby enhancing their knowledge and skills. Additionally, the Chemistry Practical Class 12 PDF enable students to develop essential skills such as observation, data collection, analysis, and problem-solving, which are valuable for higher education and future careers.
What Can Chemistry Practical Class 12 Teach Students?
The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Practical Syllabus are an essential component of the subject's assessment, which plays a vital role in evaluating the student's understanding of the subject's practical applications. The practicals test the students on various aspects such as their ability to conduct experiments, record observations, analyze data, and draw conclusions.
The practicals test the students on their understanding of the theoretical concepts taught in the classroom, and how well they can apply these concepts in real-life situations. It helps students to develop essential skills such as observation, data collection, analysis, and problem-solving, which are critical for higher education and future careers.
The Chemistry practicals and experiments can teach students various concepts, including the importance of accuracy, precision, and safety in a laboratory setting. It teaches them to be careful while handling chemicals, apparatus, and reagents, as even small errors can lead to disastrous consequences. They learn about the significance of following protocols, procedures, and ethical practices while conducting experiments, which is essential in scientific research and development.
Vedantu is an online education platform that is providing Class 12 Chemistry Practical Viva Questions with Answers PDF for the students. Along with that, students are also provided with lab manuals that detail the process involved in the experiments. Getting such information can help the students understand the subject in a much better way.
They will be able to perform the experiments properly. Since these practical examinations for Class 12 Chemistry have significant weightage in the exams, there is no doubt the overall score of students would improve as well. So, that is one of the main reasons why students need to download the PDF files and get all the details about Chemistry Practical Class 12 .
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Practical MCQs With Answers
1. Which of the following is a lyophobic sol?
b) Aluminium hydroxide
c) Egg albumin
Answer: b) Aluminium hydroxide
2. The process of separating solutes from a colloid solution through a semipermeable membrane is known as:
a) Dialysis
b) Emulsification
c) Coagulation
d) Precipitation
Answer: a) Dialysis
3. Which of the following is an emulsifying agent?
Answer: d) Soap
4. The rate of reaction between Sodium Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric acid increases with:
a) Decrease in concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate
b) Decrease in concentration of Hydrochloric acid
c) Increase in concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate
d) Increase in concentration of Hydrochloric acid
Answer: c) Increase in concentration of Sodium Thiosulphate
5. Which of the following is used as an indicator in the reaction between Potassium Iodate and Sodium Sulphite?
a) Methylene blue
b) Starch solution
c) Phenolphthalein
d) Bromocresol green
Answer: b) Starch solution
6. Enthalpy of neutralisation is the heat evolved when:
a) An acid reacts with water
b) A base reacts with water
c) An acid reacts with a base
d) A salt dissolves in water
Answer: c) An acid reacts with a base
7. Enthalpy of dissolution is the heat absorbed when:
a) A solid dissolves in water
b) A gas dissolves in water
c) A liquid dissolves in water
d) A salt precipitates from a solution
Answer: a) A solid dissolves in water
8. The electrochemical cell represented by Zn/Zn2+||Cu2+/Cu is an example of:
a) Galvanic cell
b) Electrolytic cell
c) Fuel cell
d) Voltaic cell
Answer: a) Galvanic cell
9. Which of the following is an example of paper chromatography?
a) Gas chromatography
b) Column chromatography
c) Thin-layer chromatography
d) High-performance liquid chromatography
Answer: c) Thin-layer chromatography
10. The double salt of Ferrous Ammonium Sulphate is also known as:
a) Mohr's salt
b) Glauber's salt
c) Epsom salt
d) Rochelle salt
Answer: a) Mohr's salt
11. Which of the following is used for the preparation of Potassium Ferric Oxalate?
a) Ferrous sulphate and oxalic acid
b) Ferric chloride and potassium oxalate
c) Ferric chloride and oxalic acid
d) Ferrous sulphate and potassium oxalate
Answer: b) Ferric chloride and potassium oxalate
12. Which of the following compounds is prepared during the preparation of Di-benzalAcetone?
b) Benzaldehyde
d) p-Nitroaniline
Answer: b) Benzaldehyde
13. Which functional group is present in aldehydes?
Answer: c) -CHO
14. Which of the following anions will not form a precipitate with silver nitrate?
a) Chloride
c) Carbonate
Answer: d) Acetate
15. What is the purpose of using starch solution as an indicator in the reaction between Potassium Iodate (KIO3) and Sodium Sulphite: (Na2SO3)?
a) To detect the presence of iodine
b) To slow down the reaction
c) To form a colored complex with iodine
d) To detect the endpoint of the reaction
Answer: d) To detect the endpoint of the reaction.
Download Class 12 Chemistry Practical Viva Questions with Answers PDF
The experiments in the Chemistry Practical Class 12 PDF include different sections such as Surface Chemistry, Chemical Kinetics, Thermochemistry, Electrochemistry, Chromatography, Preparation of inorganic and organic compounds, tests for functional groups in organic compounds, and qualitative analysis for cations and anions, etc. These experiments test a student's knowledge and understanding of various concepts and topics in
The practicals can also help students to understand the practical applications of Chemistry in everyday life, including the production of medicines, food preservation, and water purification. The practicals and experiments can also develop their problem-solving skills, which can benefit them in their future careers as scientists, engineers, and researchers.
Furthermore, the practicals can also teach students about the significance of teamwork and collaboration in a laboratory setting. Students learn to work in groups, communicate their findings effectively, and share their knowledge and expertise with others. This skill can help them in their future careers as they work collaboratively with other professionals to solve complex problems.
Get Better in Experimenting With Chemistry Practical Class 12 PDF
Class 12 Chemistry practicals are an essential part of the CBSE curriculum, which enables students to gain practical experience and develop critical thinking skills necessary for pursuing higher education and careers in Chemistry and related fields. Download the Chemistry Practical Notebook Class 12 and start learning.
FAQs on Chemistry Practical Class 12: Understand the Concepts Better
1. What is the importance of practicals in CBSE Class 12?
Practical exams in CBSE Class 12 are an essential component of the curriculum and account for 30% of the total marks. Practical exams help students to apply theoretical concepts practically and understand them better. They also develop scientific skills such as observation, inference, analysis, and experimentation.
2. How should I prepare for the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry practicals?
To prepare for the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry practicals, you should first understand the concepts of each experiment and practice performing them in the lab. You can refer to your lab manual and study material for guidance. Also, you should focus on making accurate observations and keeping neat and detailed records.
3. What should I do if I face difficulty in performing an experiment during the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry practicals?
If you face difficulty in performing an experiment during the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry practicals, you should immediately seek help from your teacher or lab assistant. Do not try to handle the situation on your own, as it could lead to inaccurate results and possible safety hazards.
4. What safety precautions should I take during the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry practicals?
You should always wear safety goggles and lab coats during the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry practicals to protect your eyes and clothes. Also, you should follow all the safety instructions given by your teacher, such as handling chemicals with care, keeping flammable materials away from heat sources, and properly disposing of chemical waste.
5. What is the role of viva voce in the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry practicals?
The viva voce is an important part of the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry practicals, as it tests your understanding of the experiment and its concepts. During the viva voce, you may be asked questions related to the experiment, such as the theory behind it, the observations made, and the significance of the results.
Chemistry Project On Carbohydrates For Class 12th
Table of Contents
Acknowledgment
In the pursuit of knowledge and the exploration of biochemical intricacies, no endeavor is undertaken in isolation. As we present this project on “Understanding Carbohydrates: Structure, Classification, and Biological Significance,” we extend our heartfelt appreciation to those who have played an instrumental role in shaping this comprehensive endeavor.
First and foremost, we express our gratitude to our dedicated chemistry educators whose guidance and expertise have been invaluable throughout the development of this project. Their passion for teaching and commitment to fostering a deep understanding of complex scientific concepts have inspired and propelled us forward.
We extend our sincere thanks to the academic community and researchers whose groundbreaking work forms the bedrock of our exploration into the world of carbohydrates. The wealth of knowledge and insights drawn from their contributions has enriched our understanding and provided a solid foundation for this project.
Additionally, we appreciate the support and encouragement received from our peers and classmates. The exchange of ideas, collaborative discussions, and shared enthusiasm have added a dynamic element to the learning process, making this project a collective achievement.
Finally, our gratitude extends to our families and friends for their unwavering support and understanding during the demanding
process of research and project development. Their encouragement has been a constant source of motivation, reminding us of the importance of curiosity and dedication in the pursuit of knowledge.
As we present this project, it stands as a testament to the collaborative spirit that fuels academic inquiry. Each contribution, no matter how small, has played a part in shaping the final outcome. We acknowledge and appreciate the collective efforts that have gone into the creation of “Understanding Carbohydrates: Structure, Classification, and Biological Significance.”
Thank you to all who have been a part of this academic journey, contributing to the depth and breadth of our exploration into the fascinating world of carbohydrates.
With sincere gratitude,
Introduction
Carbohydrates, often referred to as the “building blocks of life,” stand as the cornerstone of biological systems, orchestrating a symphony of essential functions within living organisms. This project embarks on a journey to unravel the intricacies of carbohydrates, delving into their structural diversity, classification, and profound biological significance. As the molecular architects of energy and the structural foundation of life, understanding carbohydrates is paramount for comprehending the fundamental processes that sustain and propel the intricate dance of life. Join us in this exploration as we navigate the molecular landscapes of sugars, polysaccharides, and their multifaceted roles in the grand tapestry of biochemistry. Welcome to “Understanding Carbohydrates: Structure, Classification, and Biological Significance.”
In the intricate tapestry of biochemistry, carbohydrates emerge as master orchestrators, intricately weaving the fabric of life itself. Beyond their role as mere energy sources, carbohydrates, with their diverse structures and functions, unveil a captivating narrative of biological complexity. This project endeavors to peel back the layers of this narrative, unveiling the molecular ballet that underlies the vitality of living organisms.
From the simplicity of monosaccharides to the complexity of polysaccharides, carbohydrates serve as the molecular architects of life’s blueprint. Their classification into energy-storing compounds and structural components highlights their versatility and importance. As we embark on this exploration, we will navigate through the intricate world of carbohydrates, examining their role in cellular energy dynamics, structural integrity, and their profound impact on human nutrition.
Prepare to delve into the microscopic realm where sugars dance, and polymers shape the foundation of life. Together, we will uncover the significance of carbohydrates in sustaining life processes and fostering a deeper appreciation for the molecular ballet that unfolds within every living cell. Join us in this captivating journey through “Understanding Carbohydrates: Structure, Classification, and Biological Significance.”
Structure of Carbohydrates
- Basic Structure: Carbohydrates, at their essence, are organic compounds weaving together carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, encapsulated by the molecular formula (CH₂O)n. Within this molecular dance, isomerism takes center stage, birthing diverse structural configurations.
- Monosaccharides : The elemental embodiment of carbohydrates, monosaccharides like glucose, fructose, and galactose stand as solitary sugar units. Their intricate dance includes stereoisomerism, with D and L isomers, and the unfolding of three-dimensional structures through the artistic canvases of Haworth and Fischer projections.
- Disaccharides: Born of the union of two monosaccharide entities, disaccharides, including sucrose, lactose, and maltose, unfurl their secrets through the alchemy of hydrolysis reactions.
- Polysaccharides: Mobilizing numerous monosaccharide troops, polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose, and glycogen march forth, donning multifaceted roles in cellular realms, from harboring energy to providing structural scaffolding.
Classification of Carbohydrates
- Based on Size: The grand tapestry of carbohydrates unfolds, classified by size into three distinct categories: the soloists of monosaccharides, the duets of oligosaccharides (disaccharides), and the symphonies of polysaccharides.
- Based on Function: Their purposes carve the landscape, distinguishing carbohydrates as custodians of energy, like glycogen and starch, and architects of structure, embodied in cellulose.
- Based on Chemical Nature: In the chemical ballet, carbohydrates waltz into two categories, donning the attire of simplicity as sugars or the intricate garments of complexity, exemplified by starch and cellulose.
Biological Functions of Carbohydrates
- Energy Source: Carbohydrates take the stage, spotlighted as the protagonists in cellular respiration, fueling the rhythmic cadence of processes like glycolysis.
Importance in Human Nutrition
- Dietary Sources: Within the rich tapestry of human nutrition, carbohydrate-laden fare, such as grains, fruits, and vegetables, emerges as a cornerstone. These culinary offerings, with their varied textures and Flavors, weave an essential thread in the fabric of a balanced diet. The recommended daily intake becomes a nuanced symphony, harmonizing with factors like age and activity level to compose an individualized nutritional score.
- Carbohydrates and Health: The intricate dance of carbohydrates within the human body extends beyond taste, resonating deeply with health. Understanding their influence on blood sugar levels becomes a compass for steering clear of afflictions like diabetes. Carbohydrates, once deciphered, reveal their role as culinary architects of well-being, calling for a mindful selection of dietary building blocks.
In traversing the intricate landscapes of “Understanding Carbohydrates: Structure, Classification, and Biological Significance,” we have embarked on a captivating exploration into the heart of biochemistry. Carbohydrates, often overshadowed by their roles as energy providers, reveal themselves as architectural marvels, influencing the very essence of life.
From the simplicity of monosaccharides to the complexity of polysaccharides, we have unveiled the structural elegance and diversity that underpin the biological significance of carbohydrates. The molecular choreography of sugars, disaccharides, and polymers paints a vivid picture of their indispensable roles in cellular processes.
The classification of carbohydrates based on size, function, and chemical nature has provided us with a framework to appreciate their versatility. We comprehend how these molecules serve not only as energy reservoirs but also as the scaffolding upon which life is constructed. From the resilient cellulose fortifying plant cell walls to the dynamic glycogen storing energy in animal cells, carbohydrates emerge as molecular architects, shaping the very fabric of living organisms.
Biological functions, ranging from energy provision to structural support, underscore the paramount importance of carbohydrates in sustaining life. Through glycolysis, cellular respiration, and the intricate dance of glycoproteins and glycolipids in cell membranes, we witness the multifaceted contributions of carbohydrates to the vitality of living cells.
As we reflect on the dietary sources and the impact of carbohydrates on human health, we recognize the delicate balance required for optimal well-being. From the grains and fruits that grace our plates to the intricate dance of blood sugar levels, carbohydrates play a pivotal role in maintaining health and preventing diseases.
In the spirit of scientific inquiry, we acknowledge that this project merely scratches the surface of the vast realm of carbohydrates. The molecules we have explored, with their complex structures and biological functions, beckon us to delve deeper into the ever-evolving landscape of biochemistry.
In conclusion, “Understanding Carbohydrates” transcends the boundaries of a project; it is an invitation to continue the journey of discovery. Through the lens of carbohydrates, we gain a profound appreciation for the elegance and complexity of the molecular world. As we close this chapter, we look forward to further unraveling the mysteries that continue to shape our understanding of life at its most fundamental level.
Certificate of Completion
This is to certify that I, [Student’s Name], a [Class/Grade Level] student, have successfully completed the “Chemistry project on carbohydrates for class 12th.” The project explores the fundamental principles and key aspects of the chosen topic, providing a comprehensive understanding of its significance and implications.
In this project, I delved into in-depth research and analysis, investigating various facets and relevant theories related to the chosen topic. I demonstrated dedication, diligence, and a high level of sincerity throughout the project’s completion.
Key Achievements:
Thoroughly researched and analyzed Project on chemistry project on carbohydrates for class 12th. Examined the historical background and evolution of the subject matter. Explored the contributions of notable figures in the field. Investigated the key theories and principles associated with the topic. Discussed practical applications and real-world implications. Considered critical viewpoints and alternative theories, fostering a well-rounded understanding. This project has significantly enhanced my knowledge and critical thinking skills in the chosen field of study. It reflects my commitment to academic excellence and the pursuit of knowledge.
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CBSE Chemistry Practical Class 12
In CBSE Chemistry Practicals Class 12, students will learn the application of the theory topics by performing the CBSE Chemistry Practicals Class 12. Moreover, students are evaluated based on the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Practicals. The marks obtained in the practical exam are added with theory to prepare the final score of the student. They can take the help of Chemistry Lab Manual Class 12 PDF to prepare for practical exams.
Students of Class 12 must concentrate on CBSE Chemistry Practical Class 12 as it holds a weightage of 30 marks. CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Practical consists of volumetric analysis for 8 marks and salt analysis for 8 marks, 6 marks for the content-based experiment, and 4 marks each for the project, class record and viva. Students must aim to get full marks by performing all the experiments and activities listed in the Chemistry Lab Manual Class 12. Doing so will help in increasing the overall scores of the students in the Class 12 board exam. To download the CBSE Syllabus for Class 12 Chemistry Practicals, click on the link below.
Download CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Practical Syllabus PDF 2023-24
Cbse class 12 chemistry practical evaluation scheme.
Below you will find the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry practical evaluation scheme for students.
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Practical Experiments
Students should study the laws and theories from the Chemistry Lab Manual Class 12 before performing the experiments. Also, they are suggested to go through the practical notes before the practical exam. Chemistry Practicals CBSE Class 12 experiments are given here so that students can prepare for their practical examinations efficiently. They can find these experiments in Chemistry Lab Manual Class 12 in PDFs below.
Also Check: CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Viva Questions
CBSE Chemistry Lab Manual Class 12 Projects
A few suggested Projects for CBSE Chemistry Lab Manual Class 12 are mentioned below:
- Study of the presence of oxalate ions in guava fruit at different stages of ripening.
- Study of quantity of casein present in different samples of milk.
- Preparation of soybean milk and its comparison with natural milk with respect to curd formation, the effect of temperature, etc.
- Study of the effect of Potassium Bisulphate as a food preservative under various conditions (temperature, concentration, time, etc.).
- Study of digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of pH and temperature on it.
- Comparative study of the rate of fermentation of the following materials: wheat flour, gram flour, potato juice, carrot juice, etc.
- Extraction of essential oils present in Saunf (aniseed), Ajwain (carum), and Illaichi (cardamom).
- Study of common food adulterants in fat, oil, butter, sugar, turmeric powder, chilli powder and pepper.
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Can you score full marks on this CBSE Class 12 Chemistry sample paper?
Check out the cbse class 12 chemistry sample paper for the board exam 2024 with solutions. solve this cbse sample paper to know if you can score 100%..
Listen to Story
The CBSE board exams 2024 have begun today, February 15. CBSE released the CBSE board exam 2024 official sample papers for Classes 10 and 12 in early last year so students could familiarise themselves with the board exam pattern and question types long beforehand.
The CBSE board exam datesheets were released on December 12.
The exams begin for both classes on February 15. While the CBSE Class 10 board exams 2023 get over on March 13, the Class 12 board exams 2023 end on April 2.
The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry board exam 2024 is scheduled for February 27.
To get used to how the CBSE exam papers are set and marked, students should practice using the official CBSE sample papers and try out as many mock exams as possible.
Note that CBSE has also released a series of supplementary practice papers for key subjects of CBSE Class 10 and Class 12. These practice sets feature an increased emphasis on competency-based questions compared to traditional CBSE sample papers.
Scroll down to find the sample paper solutions and other important links.
Top 30+ CBSE Class 12 Chemistry MCQs for Board Exam 2024 with Answers to Secure Good Marks
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CBSE Board Class 12 Chemistry MCQs (With Answers) 2024: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) 12th Class Chemistry examination is planned to be conducted on February 27, 2024, Tuesday. This paper holds significant importance for science students. With the diverse range of topics and concepts covered in the syllabus, mastering this subject is challenging. To help students in their preparation for the CBSE Class 12 Chemistry exam 2024, Jagran Josh presents a comprehensive set of over 30 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) along with their answers, expertly curated to cover various chapters and topics of the syllabus.
These MCQs are from previous year's papers and other online resources to assess students' understanding of fundamental principles, theories, and applications in Chemistry. These MCQs offer a valuable tool for students aspiring to secure good marks in their CBSE 12th-grade Chemistry examination 2024. Scroll down, download, and test your knowledge.
MCQs for CBSE Class 12 Chemistry 2024
Below is the list of 30+ MCQs from Class 12 Chemistry. The answers are highlighted for your reference.
1. Choose the compound which is more acidic than phenol :
(a) o-nitrophenol
(b) ethanol
(c) o-methylphenol
(d) o-methoxyphenol
2. The most common oxidation state for all lanthanoids is :
(a) + 5
(c) + 3
3. A reaction follows second order kinetics. How is the rate of reaction affected if the concentration of the reactant is reduced to half ? Choose the correct value from the following :
(a) four times
(b) eight times
(c) 1/4 of the original value
(d) three times
4. Solutions of two electrolytes X and Y are diluted. Molar conductivity of X increases 25 times whereas that of Y increases 1·5 times. Which one is a stronger electrolyte ?
(a) X
(c) Both X and Y
(d) None of the above
5. Unit of rate constant for the zero order reaction is :
(b) mol-1Ls-1
(c) mol-2L2s-1
(d) mol L⁻¹ s⁻¹
6. Which type of isomerism is shown by the complexes [Co(NH 3 ) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ]Cl 3 ?
(a) Linkage
(b) Ionisation
(c) Optical
(d) Solvate
7. Pentan-2-one and Pentan-3-one can be distinguished by :
(a) Fehlings's test
(b) Sodium bicarbonate test
(c) Tollen's test
(d) Iodoform test
8. Oxidation state of central metal atom in the given complex is : [Co(NH 3 ) 4 (H 2 O) 2 ]Cl 3
(a) + 2
(c) + 1
9. A galvanic cell can behave as an electrolytic cell when :
(a) Ecell = Eext
(b) Ecell > Eext
(c) Ecell = 0
(d) Eext > Ecell
10. The rate law for a particular reaction is given as rate = k[A][B]2 How is the rate of reaction affected if we double the concentration of B ? Choose the correct option :
(a) two times
(b) four times
(c) three times
(d) becomes half (1/2)
11. Three compounds are given below :
The correct decreasing order of their basic strength is :
(a) II > III > I
(b) III > II > I
(c) III > I > II
(d) I > III > II
12. The helix structure of protein is stablized by:
(a) peptide bond
(b) hydrogen bond
(c) disulphide bond
(d) van der Walls forces
13. Nucleic acids are polymers of:
(a) nucleosides
(b) D-ribose
(c) amino acids
(d) nucleotides
14. Which of the following is a strong oxidising agent? (At. no. Mn= 25, Zn=30, Cr=24, Sc=21)
15. A compound formed by elements P and Q crystallizes in a cubic structure where Patoms are at the corners of a cube and Q atoms are at the face centres. The formula of the compound is:
16. Nitrogen is unable to form pentahalides because of:
(A) the presence of s and p orbitals.
(B) the absence of both p and d orbitals.
(C) the absence of d orbitals.
(D) all of the above
17. Which of the following hydrogen halides is most volatile?
18. The oxidation number of Co in [Co(en) gl2(SO4)3 is:
19. Which of the following ligands form a 'chelate' complex with metal ion?
(C) C2O 2- 4
20. The coordination number of Cr in [CrCl2(ox)2]³- is:
21. Cubic close packing of equal sized spheres is described by:
(A) ACB ACB ACB
(B) AB AB AB ...
(C) ABC ABC ABC...
(D) AB AC AC AB...
22. Which stoichiometric defect does not change the density of the crystal?
(A) Frenkel defect
(B) Schottky defect
(C) Interstitial defect
(D) F-centres
23. An antifreeze solution is prepared from 222.6 g of ethylene glycol C2H4(OH)2 and 200 g of water. Calculate the molality of the solution. If the density of this solution be 1.072 gmL-1, what will be the molarity of the solution?
(a) 7.20 M
(b) 12.03 M
(c) 9.11 M
24. The osmotic pressure of a solution is directly proportional to
(a) the molecular concentration of the solute
(b) the absolute temperature at a given concentration
(c) the lowering of vapour pressure
(d) all the above.
25. The average osmotic pressure of human bloood is 7.8 bar at 37°C. What is the concentration of an aqueous solution of NaCl that could be used in blood stream?
(a) 0.15 mol L-1
(b) 0.30 mol L-1
(c) 0.60 mol L-1
(d) 0.45 mol L-1
26. Isopropyl chloride undergoes hydrolysis by
(a) SN1 mechanism
(b) SN2 mechanism
(c) SN1 and SN2 mechanism
(d) neither SN1 nor SN2 mechanism
27. Dehydration of alcohol to ethers is catalysed by
(a) conc. H2SO4 at 413 K
(b) Hot NaOH
(c) Hot HBr
(d) Hot HNO3
28. Which of the following alcohols gives 2-butenc on dehydration by conc. H2SO4?
(a) 2-methyl propene-2-ol
(b) 2-methyl 1 -propanol
(c) Butane-2-ol
(d) Butane 1-ol
29. Order of esterification of alcohols are
(a) 3° > 1° > 2°
(b) 2°> 3° > 1°
(c) 1 ° > 2° > 3°
(d) None of these
30. The functional group which is found in amino acid is-
(a)-COOH
(b) -NH2
(c) -CH3
(d) both (a) and (b)
31. Which base is present in RNA but not in DNA?
(a) Uracil
(b) Cytosine
(c) Guanine
(d) Thymine
32. Which of the following factors is not responsible for the denaturation of proteins?
(a) Heat
(b) Charge
(c) PH change
(d) Organic solvents
33. Mn3+ is not stable in acidic medium, while Fe3+is stable because
(a) O2 oxidises Mn2+ to Mn3+
(b) O2 oxidises both Mn2+ to Mn3+ and Fe2+ to Fe3+
(c) Fe3- oxidises H2O to O2
(d) Mn3+ oxidises H2O to O2
34. The first order reaction takes 80 minutes to complete 99.9%. What will be its half-life?
(a) 8 min
(b) 16 min
(c) 24 min
35. In the first order reaction, the concentration of the reactant is reduced to 1/4th in 60 minutes. What will be its half-life?
(a) 120 min
(b) 40 min
(c) 30 min
We hope these MCQs helped you improve your knowledge. For more information and updates keep checking jagranjosh.com
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chemistry project for class 12
- Chemistry project for Class 12
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chemistry project report
Study digestion of starch, project guide, salivary digestion of, final project report, investigatory project, project work entitledto, effect of ph.
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INVESTIGATORY PROJECT WORK
Submitted By
SHAHBAN ALI
Class: XII Science
Under the Guidance of
Mr. S.P Gupta
PGT (Chemistry)
Department of Chemistry
Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria.
C E R T I F I C A T E
This is to certify that SHAHBAN ALI of Class XII Science has prepared the investigatory chemistry project entitled “To Study the digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of temperature and pH on it”. The report is the result of his efforts & endeavors.
The report is found worthy of acceptance as final project report for the subject Chemistry of Class XII. He has prepared the report under my guidance.
(Mr. S.P. Gupta)
Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria
The investigatory project entitled
“To Study the digestion of starch by salivary
amylase and effect of temperature and pH on it”
Submitted by SHAHBAN ALI of Class XII Science for the C.B.S.E Senior Secondary Examination class XII of Chemistry Practical at Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria has been examined.
SIGNATURE OF EXAMINER
D E C L A R A T I O N
I hereby declare that the project work entitled
“To Study the digestion of starch by
salivary amylase and effect of temperature and pH on it”, submitted to Department of Chemistry, Kendriya Vidyalaya Khagaria is prepared by me.
Class XII Science
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T
I would like to express a deep sense of thanks & gratitude to my
project guide Mr. S.P. Gupta Sir for guiding me immensely through the
course of the project. He always evinced keen interest in my work. His
constructive advice & constant motivation have been responsible for the
successful completion of this project.
My sincere thanks go to Shri Yeshdeep Rohilla, Our principal sir,
for his co-ordination in extending every possible support for the
completion of this project.
I also thanks to my parents for their motivation & support. I must
thanks to my classmates for their timely help & support for compilation
of this project.
Last but not the least; I would like to thank all those who had
Helped directly or indirectly towards the completion of this project.
1. Certificate by Teacher. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2. Certificate by Examiner. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 3. Declaration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 4. Acknowledgement. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . 5. Verification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
6. Objectives of the Project. . . . . . . . . . . .
7. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8. Material Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
9. Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
10. Observation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
11. CONCLUSION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
12. BIBLIOGRAPHY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Objectives of the Project Report
The main objective of this chemistry project report is “To Study the digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of temperature and pH on it” and
1) To study digestion of starch by saliva. 2) To study the effect of temperature on the digestion
of starch by saliva. 3) To study the effect of pH on the salivary digestion of
Introduction
Every Health book insists on the chewing of food. The act of chewing stimulates the excretion of saliva. Saliva mixes up with the food and helps its digestion. That is, the enzyme ptyalin or amylase present in human saliva hydrolyzes the big molecules of food into many molecules. For example starch into mono-saccnaricies maltose and glucose; proteins into amino acids and fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Thus saliva not only helps in digestion of food but convert it into energy generating substances. Further, enzymes and their activity are very sensitive to temperature and ph. Even a slight variation in these two factors, can disturb the action of enzymes. In other words, digestion of food by salivary amylase is also effected by pH and temperature and can be verified experimentally. For example, hydrolysis of starch can be verified by testing it with iodine solution. Starch forms blue coloured complex with iodine. If no starch is present in a system it will not give blue colour with iodine.
Material Required
The requirements for experiment of Chemistry
Project Report are as under:
1) Test tubes
2) Test tube stand
3) One dropper
5) Stop watch
6) Starch and Iodine solution
7) Thermometer
8) Dilute HCL and Dilute NaOH solution.
Chemistry Experiment 1 Procedure
Procedure for Chemistry Experiment 1 is:
1) Collection of Saliva – Rinse mouth throughly with cold
water and ensure that it does not contain any food
particles. Now take about 20ml of lupe warm water in
the mouth and gangle for about three minutes so that
saliva mixes up well with it. Spit this into a beaker.
Filter, if there is any suspended impurity clear filtrate is
saliva solution and contains enzyme ptyalin.
2) Preparation of starch solution – Take about 0.5g of
starch in 100ml beaker and add enough water to make a
paste. Dilute the paste by adding 50ml water and boil for
about 5 minutes.
3) Digestion of starch :-
(a) Take 5ml of the starch solution in a test tube. Add
2ml of saliva solution into it. Mix the solutions well
by shaking the tube carefully and start a step watch.
(b) After one minute take out two drops of the mixture
solution from the test tube with the help of a dropper
and transfer it into another test tube containing about
one 1ml of 1% iodine solution. Note the colour
produced, if any.
(c) Repeat this test after every one minute taking two
drops of the mixture solution and fresh 1% iodine
solution continue until the test shows no blue colour.
Record the time and blue colour intensity.
Observation
Time Passed
after Mixing
Blue Light Blue
Absence of blue colour on addition to iodine solution
means absence of starch in the mixture solution. That is whole of the starch has got digested or hydrolysed.
Chemistry Experiment 2
Procedure: - Effect of temperature on the digestion of starch by saliva.
1) Take three test tubes and label these 1, 2, and 3.
2) Take 5ml of the starch solution, 2ml of the saliva solution
and 5ml of water in each test tube.
3) Place test tube Number 1 in water at room temperature, test
tube Number 2 in a beaker containing water at 500 C and
test tube Number 3 in boiling water.
4) After 5 minutes, observe the colour change on mixing two
drops of the mixture of every tube with one ml of 1%
iodine solution. Note the intensity of blue coloured form.
Starch get hydrolysed by saliva amylase
Chemistry Experiment 3
Procedure: - To study the effect of pH on the salivary digestion of starch
2) Add 5ml of the starch solution, 2ml of the saliva
solution in each test tube.
3) Now ass 2ml of water in test tube Number 1 2ml of
Dilute HCL in test tube Number 2 and 2ml of Dilute
NaOH solution in test tube Number 3 and shake
4) Keep the three test tubes in water at room temperature
for about 10 minutes.
5) Add 2 drops of the solution of each test tube with 1%
iodine solution and observe the colour change
Temperature effects the digestion of starch by salivary
with increase in temperature salivary amylase get
inactivated and process of digestion do not take place.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1 http://www.google.com/ 2 http://en.wikipedia.org 3 N.C.E.R.T Class 12 Chemistry
4 Dinesh Chemistry
5 Comprehensive Chemistry
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Press Release
U.S. Department of Energy Announces $15 Million for 12 Projects Developing High-Energy Storage Solutions to Electrify Domestic Aircraft, Railroads & Ships
WASHINGTON, D.C. — The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $15 million for 12 projects across 11 states to advance next-generation, high-energy storage solutions to help accelerate the electrification of the aviation, railroad, and maritime transportation sectors. Funded through the Pioneering Railroad, Oceanic and Plane ELectrification with 1K energy storage systems ( PROPEL-1K ) program, projects will develop energy storage systems with “1K” technologies capable of achieving or exceeding 1000 Watt-hour per kilogram (Wh/kg) and 1000 Watt-hour per liter (Wh/L), which is a greater than four times energy density improvement compared to current technologies. This effort supports President Biden’s 2050 net-zero climate goals.
“Reducing emissions in the transportation sector—which is the largest contributor to the country’s greenhouse gas emissions—is critical to achieving President Biden’s clean energy and climate goals,” said ARPA-E Director Evelyn N. Wang. “ARPA-E is pleased to announce the dozen teams that will pursue exciting new solutions for powering and electrifying heavy-duty transportation.”
Managed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy (ARPA-E), the selected 12 project teams will work on high-energy storage solutions, capable of catalyzing broad electrification of aviation, railroad and maritime sectors:
- And Battery Aero (Palo Alto, CA) and its collaborators are developing battery cells, stacks, and systems using fluorinated electrodes to usher in a new type of battery chemistry for aviation applications. The team will focus on enhancing energy density of the cell design through electrode materials optimization and electrolyte formulation. The proposed approach would also innovate battery pack design to reduce energy density penalty due to packaging. (Award amount: $983,445)
- Aurora Flight Sciences (Manassas, VA) is working on an aluminum air energy storage and power generation system to provide a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for powering heavy-duty transportation. The technology’s novelty lies in its ability to facilitate aluminum combustion, resulting in the production of hydrogen that powers a solid-oxide fuel cell. The heat and electricity generated by this process are subsequently utilized for propulsion. The system utilizes a platform that separates energy and power, allowing for swappable energy boxes or pumpable fuel, that can be rapidly and seamlessly charged and discharged mechanically from the vehicle. (Award amount: $1,499,375)
- Georgia Tech Research Corporation (Atlanta, GA) will advance an alkali hydroxide triple phase flow battery (3PFB) to enable reversible operation of ultrahigh energy density battery chemistries. The approach takes inspiration from fuel injectors in internal combustion engines and from conventional flow batteries. The proposed design leverages innovative pumping and handling of molten alkali metal and hydroxide species to maximize the volume of reactants over inactive components and thus increase energy density. (Award amount: $1,317,842)
- Giner (Newton, MA) will package hydrogen in a paste to power fuel cells, eliminating the need for high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks. The power paste—a mix of magnesium and hydrogen stored in a cartridge—would trigger the release of hydrogen gas when water is added. The paste is not flammable or explosive. The team will also update the system’s fuel cell to operate at lower humidity, making the approach more versatile and lower volume, improving the overall energy density of the design. (Award amount: $1,500,000)
- Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) (Chicago, IL) focuses on a solid-state lithium-air battery that would overcome previous challenges with lithium-air technologies through several key innovations. IIT’s approach features a composite polymer solid-state electrolyte with no liquid component, a cathode module with a highly active catalyst and oxygen uptake ability, advanced air flow, and a new cell architecture. The inexpensive battery materials in IIT’s technology improves supply chain resilience, and the battery could have up to three to four times greater energy density than current lithium-ion batteries. (Award amount: $1,500,000)
- Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, MD) will work on a high-energy-density hydrogen carrier using methylcyclohexane to create a fuel cell (FC) system that holds higher mass-specific energy densities than conventional systems. The proposed hydrogen FC uses closed loop cyclic hydrogen carriers. The FC system can also be rapidly (~10 min) replenished via pumping. (Award amount: $625,000)
- Precision Combustion (North Haven, CT) and its hybrid fuel-cell battery system features an electrochemical wafer that uses liquid hydrogen as fuel to generate energy, coupled with a high-power lithium-ion battery, to enable peak-power operation. The progressive energy storage system hybridizes a highly efficient advanced electrochemical device and a small rechargeable battery and pairs them with a high-energy-density carbon-free fuel. The process intensified architecture has the potential to deliver significantly more power density than other systems in development. (Award amount: $1,221,058)
- Propel Aero (Ann Arbor, MI) and its “Redox Engine” technology would provide considerable power performance and deliver the energy density required to meet the demands of electric aircraft. The cost of electricity for the technology would be comparable to jet fuel. Given the low cost and high specific energy, the Redox Engine can address electrification of shipping and trains as well. (Award amount: $1,117,000)
- University of Maryland (College Park, MD) will develop a rechargeable lithium carbon monofluoride cathode chemistry to meet PROPEL-1K technical targets. This new chemistry builds on previous work at UMD on halogen conversion-intercalation chemistry but targets significantly higher energy through active material, electrolyte, and other cell chemistry modifications. The cell is assembled in the discharged state, significantly lowering cost relative to high-energy Li-metal cells that are built in the charged state (and hence require the use of Li-metal foils). The cell chemistry work will be combined with performance and cost modeling at several scales to demonstrate a path to meet the final system PROPEL-1K targets. (Award amount: $1,483,595)
- Washington State University (Pullman, WA) and its modular energy system combines ceramic fuel cell technology with an innovative way to package hydrogen in the liquid form. The approach uses a self-pressurizing heat recovery and hydrogen expander module coupled with a proton conducting ceramic fuel cell. The high-temperature system enables energy recovery and significant weight savings through omission of radiative heat exchangers used for cooling. (Award amount: $803,945)
- Washington University in St. Louis (St. Louis, MO) will use a Li-Air battery with ionic liquids to deliver efficient, reliable, and durable performance for high-energy and high-power applications. The proposed Li-Air flow battery would feature circulating ionic liquid saturated with oxygen to overcome critical challenges to Li-Air battery development, including achieving power rate capability and specific energy targets. The team will synthesize ionic liquids with high oxygen solubility, low viscosity, ultra-low volatility, and high ionic conductivity. Preliminary experimental results have demonstrated a tenfold increase in capacity using a circulating electrolyte. (Award amount: $1,499,985)
- Wright Electric (Malta, NY) and Columbia University are developing an aluminum-air flow battery that has swappable aluminum anodes that allow for mechanical recharging. Aluminum air chemistry can achieve high energy density but historically has encountered issues with rechargeability and clogging from reaction products. To overcome these barriers, Wright Electric uses a 3D design instead of a 2D planar chemistry to improve the contact between anode and cathode. The system also circulates the electrolyte, preventing the accumulation of reaction products within the cell structure to remedy limitations of static aluminum-air batteries. (Award amount: $1,499,098)
Access project descriptions for the teams announced today on the ARPA-E website . These selections represent the first phase of an expected two-phase program. Phase 1 is expected to be completed in 18 months following contract completion. If successful, PROPEL-1K technologies will electrify regional flights traveling as far as 1,000 miles with up to 100 people, all North American railroads, and all vessels operating exclusively in U.S. territorial waters.
ARPA-E advances high-potential, high-impact clean energy technologies across a wide range of technical areas that are strategic to America's energy security. Learn more about these efforts and ARPA-E's commitment to ensuring the United States continues to lead the world in developing and deploying advanced clean energy technologies.
Selection for award negotiations is not a commitment by DOE to issue an award or provide funding. Before funding is issued, DOE and the applicants will undergo a negotiation process, and DOE may cancel negotiations and rescind the selection for any reason during that time.
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Chemistry Experiment 2. Procedure: - Effect of temperature on the digestion of starch. by saliva. Take three test tubes and label these 1, 2, and 3. Take 5ml of the starch solution, 2ml of the saliva solution and 5ml of water in each test tube. Place test tube Number 1 in water at room temperature, test.
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This is to certify that SHAHBAN ALI of Class XII Science has prepared the investigatory chemistry project entitled "To Study the digestion of starch by salivary amylase and effect of temperature and pH on it". The report is the result of his efforts & endeavors.
WASHINGTON, D.C. — The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today announced $15 million for 12 projects across 11 states to advance next-generation, high-energy storage solutions to help accelerate the electrification of the aviation, railroad, and maritime transportation sectors. Funded through the Pioneering Railroad, Oceanic and Plane ELectrification with 1K energy storage systems (PROPEL-1K ...