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Greek Theatre: Extensive Drama resource pack

Greek Theatre: Extensive Drama resource pack

Subject: Drama

Age range: 11-14

Resource type: Unit of work

PRB78's DRAMA Shop

Last updated

11 February 2024

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greek chorus worksheet

A 6-week Greek Theatre scheme of work, exploring chorus, masks and myths.

This resource pack includes:

  • Scheme of work
  • Powerpoints
  • Unit overview
  • Lesson planning
  • Assessment criteria levels (2-5)
  • Assessment guide
  • Cover lesson pack
  • Myth narratives

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Looking to refresh your curriculum for this academic year and beyond? Setting up a department from scratch? Teaching Drama for the first time and looking for help?? Check out this fantastic selection of **15** fun tried-and-tested KS2 and 3 Drama schemes of work. * Schemes of work * Powerpoints * Assessment criteria * Assessment rubrics * Unit overviews * Scripts

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* Looking to refresh your Drama curriculum planning for next academic year and beyond? * Starting up a new Drama department from scratch? * Teaching Drama for the first time and in need of some inspiration?? If the answer is YES to any of the above, check out this varied selection of KS2, 3, 4 & 5 resources. These **20** tried-and-tested schemes and supporting resources are ideal for Year 3 to Year 13 classes, exploring a wide range of topics and themes. This extensive bundle includes.... * Schemes of work * Lesson powerpoints * Unit overviews * Schedule plans * Assessment trackers * Assignment briefs * Assessment rubrics * Evaluation forms * Scripts

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* Looking to refresh your Drama planning for next academic year? * Setting up a new Drama department from scratch? * Teaching Drama for the first time and looking for inspiration?? These **3** schemes and resources are ideal for Year 7 & 8 classes, however if you are lucky enough to teach in a school that offers Drama in KS2, they are easily adaptable. Enjoy! TES Shop: https://www.tes.com/teaching-resources/shop/PhilBrooks78

KS3 Drama SOW bundle: 6 fun schemes of work

* Looking to refresh your KS3 curriculum this year? and/or * Setting up a department from scratch?? If so, check out this fun selection of tried-and-tested KS3 Drama schemes of work and resources. They are ideal for Year 7 & 8 classes, however if you are lucky enough to teach in a school that offers Drama in KS2, these resources are easily adaptable. This sale bundle is great value and offers a **60%** discount. Enjoy! https://www.tes.com/teaching-resources/shop/PhilBrooks78

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Ancient Greek Theater Basics

The Greek Chorus and the Features of Tragedies and Comedies

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The conventional theater of Shakespeare ("Romeo and Juliet") or Oscar Wilde ("The Importance of Being Earnest") features discrete acts subdivided into scenes and casts of characters engaged in dialogue with one another. This easy to grasp structure and familiar format comes from ancient Greece, where drama originally had no individual speaking parts.

Structure and Origins

The English word "theater" comes from  theatron , the viewing area for the Greek audience. Theatrical performances were outdoors, often on hillsides, and featured men in the roles of women and actors wearing masks and costumes. Performances were religious, political, and always competitive. Scholars debate the origins of Greek drama, but perhaps it developed from religious ritual worship by a chorus of singing and dancing men—possibly dressed as horses—connected with the festive vegetation god, Dionysus . Thespis, namesake of the term "thespian" for an actor, supposedly is either the first person to appear onstage in character, or casted the first speaking role; maybe he gave it to the chorêgos , leader of the chorus.

Choral training was the responsibility of a chorêgos, selected by an archon , one of the top officials in Athens . This duty to train the chorus was like a tax on the wealthy citizens, and being members of a chorus ( choreutai ) was also part of Greek civic education. The chorêgos provided all the equipment, costumes, props, and trainers for the roughly dozen choreutai. Such preparation might last for six months and at the end, if he were lucky, the chorêgos would fund a feast to celebrate winning the prize. The chorêgos and playwrights of winning productions garnered great prestige.

Greek Chorus

The chorus was the central feature of Greek drama. Composed of similarly costumed men, they performed on the  dancing floor ( orchestra ) , located beneath or in front of the stage. They enter during the first choral song ( parodos ) from two entrance ramps ( parodoi ) on either side of the orchestra, and remain for the entire performance, observing and commenting on the action. From the orchestra, the leader ( coryphaeus ) speaks the choral dialogue, consisting of long, formal speeches in verse. The final scene ( exodus ) of Greek tragedy is one of dialogue.

Scenes of dialogue ( episodes ) alternate with more choral song ( stasimon ). In this way, the stasimon is like darkening the theater or drawing the curtains between acts. To modern readers of Greek tragedy, the statismon seem easy to overlook, interludes interrupting the action. Likewise, the ancient actor ( hypokrites , "the one who answers the chorus' questions") often ignores the chorus. Though they couldn't control hypokrites' behavior, the chorus had a personality, was crucial to winning the competition for best set of tragedies, and could be important in the action, depending on the play. Aristotle said they should be regarded as hypokrites.

Greek tragedy revolves around a tragic hero whose misfortune causes intense suffering resolved by one of Aristotle's tragic qualities , catharsis : a relieving, cleansing, and emotional release. Performances were part of an estimated five-day religious festival in honor of Dionysus. This Great Dionysia festival—during the Attic month of Elaphebolion, from the end of March to mid-April—was perhaps instituted ca. BCE 535 by the Athenian tyrant Pisistratus.

Festivals centered on agones , or competitions, where three tragic playwrights competed to win the prize for the best series of three tragedies and a satyr play . Thespis, credited with the first speaking role, won that first competition. Although the subject matter was usually mythological, the first surviving full play was "The Persians" by Aeschylus , based on recent history rather than myth. Aeschylus, Euripides , and Sophocles are the three famous, great writers of Greek tragedy whose contributions to the genre survive.

There were rarely more than a chorus and three actors, regardless of how many roles were played. Actors changed their appearance in the skene . Violence usually occurred offstage, too. Playing multiple roles, a hypokrites wore masks because the theaters were so capacious that the back rows couldn't read their facial expressions. Although such large theatres had impressive acoustics, the actors needed good vocal projection to perform well behind their masks.

Greek comedy comes from Attica—the country around Athens—and is often called Attic Comedy. It is divided into what is known as Old Comedy and New Comedy. Old Comedy tended to examine political and allegorical topics, while New Comedy looked at personal and domestic themes. For comparison, compare a late night talk show about current events and satire when thinking of Old, and a primetime sitcom about relationships, romance, and family when thinking about New. Thousands of years later, restoration comedy performances can also be traced to New Comedy.

Aristophanes wrote mostly Old Comedy. He is the last and primary Old Comedy writer whose works survive. New Comedy, almost a century later, is represented by Menander. We have much less of his work: many fragments and "Dyskolos," a nearly complete, prize-winning comedy. Euripides is also considered an important influence on the development of New Comedy.

Legacy in Rome

Roman theater has a tradition of derivative comedy, and their comedy writers followed New Comedy. Plautus and Terence were the most influential Roman writers of comedy— fabula palliata, a genre of drama converted from Greek to Roman—and their plots influenced some of Shakespeare's work. Plautus also inspired the 20th century's "A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum." Other Romans (including Naevius and Ennius), adapting the Greek tradition, wrote tragedy in Latin. Those tragedies unfortunately have not survived. For extant Roman tragedy we turn to Seneca , who may have intended his works for readings rather than performances in the theater.

Resources and Further Reading

  • Englert, Walter. “ Ancient Greek Theater .” Greek Drama and Theaters , Reed College.
  • Foley, Helene. “ Choral Identity in Greek Tragedy .” Classical Philology , vol. 98, no. 1, Jan. 2003, pp. 1-30.
  • “ Greek Theatre Index .” Theatre History , 2002.
  • Greenwood, Leonard Hugh Graham. “ The Shape of Greek Tragedy .” Greece & Rome , vol. 6, no. 16, Oct. 1936, pp. 31-40.
  • Kirkwood, G. M. “ The Dramatic Role of the Chorus in Sophocles .” Phoenix , vol. 8, no. 1, Spring 1954, pp. 1-22.
  • Poe, Joe Park. “ The Determination of Episodes in Greek Tragedy .” The American Journal of Philology , vol. 114, no. 3, Autumn 1993, pp. 343-396.
  • Rabinowitz, Nancy Sorkin. Greek Tragedy . Wiley-Blackwell, 2008.
  • Scullion, Scott. “ 'Nothing to Do with Dionysus': Tragedy Misconceived as Ritual .” The Classical Quarterly , vol. 52, no. 1, July 2002, pp. 102-137.
  • Segal, Erich. “ The Φύσις of Comedy .” Harvard Studies in Classical Philology , vol. 77, 1973, pp. 129-136.
  • Stuart, Donald Clive. “ The Origin of Greek Tragedy in the Light of Dramatic Technique .” Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association , vol. 47, 1916, pp. 173-204.
  • Aristotle's Tragedy Terminology
  • Parode and Related Terms in Ancient Greek Tragedy and Comedy
  • Roman Theater
  • Ancient/Classical History Study Guides
  • Layout of the Ancient Greek Theater
  • Biography of Euripides, Third of the Great Tragedians
  • Ancient Greek Tragedy
  • Plot Summary of the Episodes and Stasima of "Oedipus Tyrannos," by Sophocles.
  • Aeschylus: Greek Tragedy Writer Profile
  • The Best Plays For New Theatergoers
  • Everything You Need to Know About Shakespeare's Plays
  • Classical Writers Directory
  • Goats in Greek Tragedy
  • Early Greek Poets Chronology
  • Aristophanes, the Ancient Greek Comedy Writer
  • Tragedy, Comedy, History?

What is a Greek Chorus? Reading Worksheet **Editable**

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Reading Passage focused on what a Greek Chorus is and its use in drama and theatrical arts. See Thumbnails for more details. Simply purchase, download and copy!

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Ancient Greek theatre – planning a performance

Ancient Greek theatre – planning a performance

A planning grid to support children in writing a theatre scene for the Ancient Greek myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. Children consider the setting, costumes and the masks required for each character. They write a script, remembering that the Greek chorus must help narrate the story. It would help if children were familiar with the myth prior to starting this activity.

Suitable for KS2.

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{{item.title}}, my essentials, ask for help, contact edconnect, directory a to z, how to guides, creative arts k–12, greek theatre – masks.

Through theoretical and practical tasks students develop an understanding of the purpose of masks in ancient Greek theatre.

Students use Socrative to compete against their peers in a space race showing their research skills, understanding of the history and socio-cultural context of ancient Greek theatre and the conventions of ancient Greek theatre.

  • 4.2.2 experiments with performance spaces and production elements appropriate to purpose and audience.
  • 4.2.3 explores and uses aspects of dramatic forms, performance styles, theatrical conventions and technologies to create dramatic meaning.
  • 4.3.1 identifies and describes elements of drama, dramatic forms, performance styles, techniques and conventions in drama.
  • 5.2.2 selects and uses performance spaces, theatre conventions and production elements appropriate to purpose and audience.
  • 5.2.3 employs a variety of dramatic forms, performance styles, dramatic techniques, theatrical conventions and technologies to create dramatic meaning.
  • 5.3.1 responds to, reflects on and evaluates elements of drama, dramatic forms, performance styles, dramatic techniques and theatrical conventions.

Driving question

How and why were masks used in ancient Greek theatre?

This lesson sequence provides an introduction to, and practical exploration of, masked performance in the context of Greek theatre. Masks were used to amplify characters and emotions and enabled performers to move between characters with ease.

Students review the elements of design and principles of composition to guide their understanding of the design process. They are guided practically through the process of 'masking up'.

Cross-curriculum content and key competencies

  • information and communication technology

Embedded elements of drama

  • role and character
  • dramatic meaning
  • audience engagement.

All activities require students to demonstrate their learning and are all assessment for learning activities.

Teaching and learning activities

The following learning experiences are structured to provide students with a practical and theoretical understanding of Greek Theatre.

Reading task

Students will:

  • review slides 2-3 of the Greek theatre masks PowerPoint (PPTX 5.52 MB) and summarise the key points in their logbooks.
  • as a class, discuss why the masks might have been made from all natural materials and the impacts this had on the environment.

Montage mash-up

  • review slides 4-5 and discuss the origins of the Greek word 'persona' meaning mask. Identify the link to the contemporary meaning of the word persona and personae
  • shapes (eyes, mouth, nose)
  • facial expression
  • the intricacy of work (high status versus low status)
  • angle of eyes (angled up or down to communicate status).
  • summarise how masks communicate character.

Four emotions activity

  • Students work in pairs and experiment with how their facial expression and facial features communicate characters and emotions. They might choose to take photos of their face expressing a specific emotion (anger, happiness, sadness) and analyse the lines and shapes their face makes
  • Students then decide upon four facial expressions that will provide the basis for their masks design
  • Students create four designs based on four emotions using the four emotions handout (PDF 3.09 MB).

Creating masks

  • As per slide 7, students draw bigger versions of two of their masks on cardboard and create wearable masks that will be used in the remaining tasks.
  • Students are encouraged to consider how they can exaggerate line, colour and shape to make their character/emotion clearer for the audience.
  • To extend students? skills, introduce them to the Elements of Design and Principles of Composition using the Prezi provided and ask them to justify their choices using this framework.

Read and summarise

  • review slide eight and summarise the key information.
  • discuss as a class, why these rules are in place and the impact they have for audience engagement.

The teacher guides students through the process of 'masking up' by outlined on slide nine. Through this process it is beneficial to segment instructions, asking students to consider how the masks changes different parts of their body. During this process they might ask the following questions:

  • how does the ask change the way your head is sitting on your shoulders?
  • how does the mask change the shape of your shoulder?
  • how does the mask change the shape of your spine?
  • how does the mask change the position of your pelvis in relation to the rest of your body?

It is beneficial to provide prompting questions that guide student's physicality from head-to-toe as students are encouraged to let the character bleed down their body. When unmasking, students reverse this process and return to a neutral state.

  • what went well?
  • what did not work?
  • how could you improve it next time?
  • encourage students to use their workshop experiences to support their findings.

Differentiation

Students could:

  • understand the Elements of Design and Principles of Composition and use them to justify the design choices made when designing their mask
  • select and create one mask using the Paper-Mache
  • create and design masks for Beauty and the Beast chorus performance outlined in the KASCA lesson sequence Greek Theatre - Chorus.

Life skills

  • LS 2.1 explores dramatic forms and theatrical conventions.
  • LS 3.2 identifies and responds to the elements of drama or theatre in performances.
  • create masks using the mask scaffold provided that focus on binary emotions such as happy and sad.
  • students verbally discuss how masks are used to communicate feelings.

Feedback is formative during the lessons.

This sequence and accompanying worksheets are available as word documents below.

  • Greek theatre masks PowerPoint (PPTX 5785 KB)
  • Greek theatre masks lesson sequence (DOCX 46 KB)
  • Four emotions handout (PDF 3238 KB)
  • Four emotions handout (DOCX 69 KB)

Please note:

Syllabus outcomes and content descriptors from Drama 7–10 Syllabus (2003) © NSW Education Standards Authority (NESA) for and on behalf of the Crown in right of the State of New South Wales, 2017.

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VIDEO

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COMMENTS

  1. Greek Chorus Lesson Plans & Worksheets Reviewed by Teachers

    Greek Chorus Lesson Plans & Worksheets Reviewed by Teachers 21 results: greek chorus Clear All Sort By: Relevance + Activity Activated Story Theatre Orpheus- A Greek Myth: Reader's Theatre Script For Teachers 3rd - 10th Is this any way to treat a Greek Myth? By all means, turn the tale of Orpheus into a reader's theatre exercise. + Lesson Plan

  2. Greek theatre

    A core feature of the chorus in Greek Theatre is the ability to move as one distinct unit. The following movement-based tasks allow students to explore different ways they might use choral movement as a theatrical device. ... This sequence and accompanying worksheets are available as word documents below. Resources. Greek theatre chorus handout ...

  3. Guide to the Greek Chorus: 3 Examples of the Greek Chorus

    Writing Guide to the Greek Chorus: 3 Examples of the Greek Chorus Written by MasterClass Last updated: Jul 9, 2021 • 3 min read The Greek Chorus is a theatrical device first used in ancient Greece, wherein a group of performers comments on the dramatic action of a play.

  4. PDF Overview

    3.1 3.2 3.3 Aesthetic Valuing • 4.1 Lecture compiled by Justin Eick - Theatrical Education Group Overview - Theatre of Ancient Greece The theatre of ancient Greece, or ancient Greek drama, is a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece between c. 550 and c. 220 BCE.

  5. Exploring the Greek Chorus

    billows and murmur of bees, Old Telamon stayed from his roaming, Long ago, on a throne of the seas; Looking out on the hills olive-laden, Enchanted, where first from the earth The grey-gleaming fruit of the Maiden Athena had birth; A soft grey crown for a city Belovèd, a City of Light: Yet he rested not there, nor had pity, But went

  6. PDF Greek Chorus Project Lesson Rationale/Overview: The lesson will give

    The assessment of Prior Knowledge was a group discussion about Greek Theatre before entering the unit on Theatre History. Materials: Teacher: Computer and some way to project images, Prezi presentation, Group grade sheets, and pen and paper to take notes on. Student: The rubric for the Greek Chorus Project, The Guidelines for the Greek Chorus

  7. Greek Theatre: Extensive Drama resource pack

    A 6-week Greek Theatre scheme of work, exploring chorus, masks and myths. This resource pack includes: Scheme of work Powerpoints Unit overview Lesson planning

  8. Study Guide for Greek Theater

    Greek Chorus . The chorus was the central feature of Greek drama. Composed of similarly costumed men, they performed on the dancing floor (), located beneath or in front of the stage.They enter during the first choral song from two entrance ramps (parodoi) on either side of the orchestra, and remain for the entire performance, observing and commenting on the action.

  9. What is a Greek Chorus? Reading Worksheet **Editable**

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  10. Ancient Greek theatre

    KS2. Category. History: The Ancient Greeks. Resource type. Student activity. Worksheet. A planning grid to support children in writing a theatre scene for the Ancient Greek myth of Theseus and the Minotaur. Children consider the setting, costumes and the masks required for each character. They write a script, remembering that the Greek chorus ...

  11. Quiz & Worksheet

    1. In the play Antigone, the chorus foreshadows _____. Dionysus' appearance at the end of the play. Antigone's death and Creon's increasing pride. Antigone and Haemon's love. the deaths of...

  12. PDF Greek Theater Worksheet

    Some of the most famous Greek plays were Oedipus, Antigone, Electra, Medea, The Birds, and The Frogs. The great Greek philosopher and teacher, Aristotle, wrote The Poetics. In this book he discussed the theater of his time.

  13. PDF ACTIVATE GREEK THEATRE

    ACTIVATE GREEK THEATRE: Antigone The Digital Theatre+ Activate series provides teachers with a variety of ready-made materials including quizzes, relationship maps and plot summary worksheets for teaching a specific text. This guide will help you save time creating engaging and relevant activities for your students.

  14. Greek theatre

    Stages 4 and 5 - Drama - Through movement-based tasks in and context of Greek drama, Stage 4 or 5 students were encouraged to developed ensemble skills, timing and rhythm. Skip to what Skip to search

  15. KS2 Music: Ancient Greece

    The songs. 1. Busy ancient city, Athens. Everyday life in the city-state of Athens in its golden age, 2500 years ago. 2. Myths and mysteries. Exploring Ancient Greek gods and goddesses and beliefs ...

  16. KM C754e-20160310085013

    one day a man named Thespis stepped out of the chorus and spoke alone. The chorus then responded to his speeches. Thespis was the first actor. Today we call actors Thespians in his honor. Later, the number of actors increased to three in addition to the chorus. Each actor in the Greek theater played more than one role. To portray different ...

  17. PDF The Beginning of Drama GREEK THEATRE

    The chorus (a group of wise people from the city) try to persuade Creon to let Antigone go - he finally sees sense. Creon goes to free Antigone but finds that she and his son have killed themselves. When Creon's wife finds out that her son is dead, she also takes her own life.

  18. Greek theatre

    create and design masks for Beauty and the Beast chorus performance outlined in the KASCA lesson sequence Greek Theatre - Chorus. Life skills Outcomes. LS 2.1 explores dramatic forms and theatrical conventions. LS 3.2 identifies and responds to the elements of drama or theatre in performances. Students could:

  19. Greek chorus

    Getty Villa - Storage Jar with a chorus of Stilt walkers - inv. VEX.2010.3.65. A Greek chorus (Greek: χορός, translit. chorós) in the context of ancient Greek tragedy, comedy, satyr plays, is a homogeneous group of performers, who comment with a collective voice on the action of the scene they appear in. The chorus consisted of between 12 and 50 players, who variously danced, sang or ...

  20. Humanities Worksheet 2 Flashcards

    1 / 30 Flashcards Learn Test Match Q-Chat Beta Created by William_Thompson548 Terms in this set (30) In Greek drama, some actors wore _______________. ropes to haul them up in the air if they were playing gods masks with built-in megaphones costumes colored by family and profession to help the audience understand who they are and what they do

  21. Disney's Hercules Worksheet

    1:00 Muses Intro and the Birth of HerculesWhat is the "gospel truth" according to the Muses? Zeus defeated the Titans and imprisoned them in the earth (instead, he enlisted help of other gods, cyclopes, and hundred handers) 2. Who are Hercules' parents? Zeus and Hera (instead of Alcmene)