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Five Tips for a Great Legal Writing Assignment

September 25, 2012 By Lee Burgess 2 Comments

how to write an law assignment

  • Follow the format outlined by your professor. It is likely your legal writing professor has given you instructions for the overall format of your legal writing assignment. In addition, your professor may have given you formatting instructions for the body of your assignment, such as that you need to follow IRAC. Whatever the instructions, follow them . Sure, you may think it is an overly formal or a frustrating way to write—but to be honest, no one cares. You need to write for your professor . It is more important to write in the way your professor has outlined, than as you personally prefer. And it is not going to be the last time your writing will need to conform to someone else’s rules. As a working attorney you often need to write in the format requested by your boss or even by the court. So get used to it!
  • Remember, your writing doesn’t need to be full of legalese—the best legal writing is often simple! So many law students make the mistake of thinking that to “sound like a lawyer” they must use every possible legal term out there. This is just not the case. Often the most effective legal writing is very clear and concise and only uses legal terms or “legalese” when appropriate (say, when you are using a term of art). It is also important to work on writing in a clear, concise way because your assignments may have maximum word count. So using extra words to sound “more professional” won’t really help your grade in the end.
  • Answer the question asked by your assignment. Often students get so caught up in writing their assignment that they forget to focus on the question that was asked of them. It is important to read and re-read (and even read again) the assignment sheet. You don’t want to make a mistake and write something off topic. Remember, answering the question is key to getting a good grade!
  • Plan before you write. A great legal writing assignment is organized. And for most of us this means that you need to plan your paper just as you would plan an essay or any other project. Organization is key and it takes time to sit with the research and develop your answer. Make sure you build this time into your plan of how you are going to get your assignment done.
  • Proofread and double-check citations. As an attorney-in-training, it is very important to present yourself in a professional way. That means that you need to proofread your assignments to present yourself in a professional way to your professor as well. If your assignment is riddled with typos, it is distracting for the professor and likely will cause your grade to drop. Also, students often are lax when handling citations. You are typically graded on the accuracy of your citations. Citations are not hard, but you must be detail oriented and look things up! I have seen many a legal writing grade go down because students didn’t spend adequate time or energy on citations. Don’t let this happen to you.

Legal writing, like most things, gets easier the more that you do it. So do every practice assignment assigned and get as much feedback as you can. This will help you become an excellent legal writer, which is a critical skill in our profession.

Check out these other helpful posts:

  • Surviving the first weeks of law school .
  • Law school exam prep 101 .
  • Getting feedback on past exams is critical .
  • Pay attention in class, it can save you time !

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About Lee Burgess

Lee Burgess, Esq. is the co-founder of the Law School Toolbox , a resource for law students that demystifies the law school experience and the Bar Exam Toolbox , a resource for students getting ready for the bar exam. Lee has been adjunct faculty at two bay area law schools teaching classes on law school and bar exam preparation. You can find Lee on Twitter at @leefburgess , @lawschooltools , & @barexamtools .

Reader Interactions

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Thank very much for the tips i have just read they been beneficial to me because am a distance law school student.

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I need more guide to legal writing because am lecturing this course for Magistrates

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Master the Legal Memo Format

September 20, 2022

[Bloomberg Law’s Essential Career Toolkit can help you excel in class and jump-start your legal career to successfully transition from law student to lawyer.]

What is the legal memo assignment?

The legal memo is an objective memorandum that provides you the opportunity to review and research relevant case law, investigate relevant facts using available resources, analyze those facts under that law, and impartially assess the potential outcome of a matter. The legal memo is an assignment that law firm associates are frequently asked to provide to senior attorneys.

Far too often, however, the assigning attorney takes one look at the result and replies, “I knew this already.” To prevent this outcome, it’s important to write a legal memo with sufficient understanding of audience, scope, purpose, and format. With proper planning, law firm associates can maximize the odds of favorable reception at the outset.

Bloomberg Law can help you understand and apply legal issues to your legal memo assignment, so your final product addresses all relevant points right out of the gate.

What’s the difference between a closed legal memo and an open legal memo?

A closed legal memo is an assignment where you are given the case law or other primary law to be used in your writing. Far more challenging is an open legal memo, where you will need to research and identify the relevant law, investigate and analyze the most legally significant facts involving a particular client, and provide a critical assessment of how the court may apply the law to the matter.

By extension, unlike a court brief, the legal memo is not the place to wager a legal opinion or argue facts. The legal memorandum serves as an objective standalone document and identifies the risks and any unknown facts that need investigation. It should maintain an impartial tone, with no implied preference for one side or the other.

What’s the standard legal memo format?

Generally, a legal memorandum comprises six sections, with the following information:

1. Heading or caption

A section, titled, “Memorandum,” identifies the recipient (To: _______), the author (From: ____), the assignment submission date (typically in MMMM DD YYYY format), and subject of the memo (Re: __________).

2. Question presented

A brief one-sentence statement that defines how the law applies to the legal question at hand, and the jurisdiction where the matter will be decided. The question presented is specific and impartial and doesn’t assume a legal conclusion.

3. Brief answer

A quick-hit legal prediction to the question presented, based on a short (four to five sentences) explanation that references relevant law and facts.

4. Statement of facts

A concise, impartial statement of the facts that captures the heart of the legal matter, as well as current and past legal proceedings related to the issue. The facts can be chronological or grouped thematically, whichever format presents the facts in the clearest manner.

5. Discussion

Restates the main facts and delineates the overarching legal rule. Several paragraphs outline the various legal topics to be addressed in the case and provide an analysis of the legal issues, usually ordered in subsections.

6. Conclusion

The assigning attorney will likely read this section first. It predicts how the court will apply the law, and how confident you are in your prediction based on the data. With an impartial advisory tone, you identify next steps and propose a legal strategy to proceed.

How to write a legal memo

Legal research memos can come in many forms—from broad 50-state surveys to more nuanced research on a particular point of law—but whatever the format, it’s important that you fully understand the task entrusted to you before you start typing.

If you tackle your assignment by following the recommended approaches in the legal memo example below, you’ll be more likely to find an appreciative supervising attorney, deliver better work product, cut down on the number of drafts required to arrive at a final product, and, most importantly, please the client.

Learn the essentials of litigation writing, research, and document review with our Core Litigation Skills Practical Guidance Toolkit , available to Bloomberg Law subscribers.

Legal memorandum sample assignment

Assignment:  Prepare an open legal memo on whether, under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause, there is personal jurisdiction over a foreign car manufacturer involving a products liability case.

Step 1: Understand the legal issues

Review legal memo assignment materials.

In an open legal memo, you will be tasked with researching relevant primary and secondary resources, such as from national, single, or multiple state entities, as well as appeals circuits, to include in your analysis.

Locate secondary sources

Secondary sources, such as books, treatises, law reviews, legal analysis publications, and Practical Guidance are a great starting point to assist with your legal memo research. Although secondary sources are not binding on courts, meaning courts are not required to follow these sources, they are still helpful tools to use when you know little about a topic.

However, remember that while you may know little about a topic, the same may not hold true for your audience. Readers like law partners and assigning attorneys will already know general law. Identify your audience’s presumed level of knowledge, then the most mission-critical questions to address. These identified gaps will inform your fact-finding and research.

Use secondary resources to better fill in the main legal topics and issues as they relate to the facts in the legal memo assignment. Your legal research should help frame the issue and lead to other relevant materials, including cases and statutes.

Throughout, utilize legal memo space wisely. Remember, legal memo length varies by subject. Some topics require only a short summary, while others compel long-form treatment. For guidance, search your firm’s office document management system for previous legal memos.

Sample assignment – Step 1

Understand the legal issues:  Legal research depends on the right search terms. In the case, for example, you can use the keywords: (“personal jurisdiction” and manufacture!)) to locate relevant resources on the Bloomberg Law platform.

More broadly, while your search into secondary sources may span books and treatises, law review articles, and other legal analysis publications, make sure to vet all legal authorities for relevance.

[Research tip: It can be challenging to know all relevant keywords. Bloomberg Law provides a convenient search results page, where relevant article blurbs showcase additional keywords to explore. Based on targeted keywords, you can better gather the most relevant background information to assist with your analysis.]

Step 2: Develop a research plan

Identify primary law.

Primary sources can often be identified with research tools, such as court opinions searches for relevant case law. However, primary sources are not always apparent. In such cases, work your way backward. Reviewing secondary sources can help you identify a list of relevant primary law resources, like case law and related statutes. Keep your research organized and create a research plan to identify key resources. The research plan will list the relevant primary law and how the case or statute relates to your comprehensive legal analysis.

Stay organized

Save the relevant cases and statutes to a designated workspace. Bloomberg Law provides a streamlined and secure digital working area where you can add your notes as well as upload and store your drafts to keep organized.

Sample assignment – Step 2

Develop a research plan:  In the  assignment, some legal research may mention cases on what contacts a foreign defendant must have for the court to have personal jurisdiction over it, such as Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Judicial District Court .  Read through these articles to reveal additional relevant cases and statutes to support your analysis.

Step 3: Confirm your legal memo research

Once you have your research plan, you want to verify all your research to make sure you’re relying on the most current case law available. Bloomberg Law’s litigation tools like the BCite citator tool help you work smarter and faster to validate your case law research—specifically, to determine whether a citation still represents good law and can be relied upon—and helps you to conduct additional research to find more cases and resources that support your legal memo’s findings and conclusions.

Robust verification should ensure you know the following information:

  • Composite analysis – the overall treatment of the cited case by other courts.
  • Direct history – How a cited case has moved through the court system.
  • Case analysis – Cases that have subsequently cited to the case.
  • Authorities – Cases relied on by the court in the main case.
  • Citing documents – Legal materials, such as court opinions, administrative decisions, and secondary sources that reference your case by citation.

Sample assignment – Step 3

Confirm your research:  To see whether  Ford Motor Co. v. Montana Eighth Judicial District Court  is still good law, you will of course need to pull up and review the case status. As part of this verification, you should review how other courts have treated the case. Once you have verified case status, you can better find additional secondary cases and other sources that cite to your case.

[Research tip: Carefully review whether case law citation can be relied on in your legal memo. While a legal memo is written for internal stakeholders like the assigning attorney, and not for the court system, it may nonetheless serve as a primer for future material.]

Attorneys may later incorporate any case law citations within the legal memo into court filings in support of their arguments. Given this broad potential reach, it’s imperative to verify all case law within your legal memo. Any unverified case law that later makes its way into public documents will result in an admonition from the court.

It is also important not to cherry-pick case citations. Remember the legal memo’s purpose is to inform, not to argue the facts. The legal memo must therefore provide an objective summary of all relevant case law and how it applies to the facts at hand. The omission of negative case law only compromises future legal strategy and heightens client legal exposure.

Step 4: Write an objective analysis

The legal memo showcases your critical legal thinking skills. Use your research plan and research materials to help organize your analysis. Remember to clearly state the law and the facts, in the active voice, and present your analysis in a logical manner.

Even with the IRAC legal memo format (Issue, Rule, Application, and Conclusion), it can be a challenge to write with precision. For example, it may not be clear which details to include in the statement of facts. Skilled legal memo writers often begin with the discussion. With complementary considerations of legal authority and factual criteria, this section clarifies the most legally significant facts and informs other earlier sections like the question presented and brief answer.

Across all stages, Bloomberg Law provides a vast trove of articles and resources to assist you in preparing your legal memo. Whether this is your first or fiftieth legal memo assignment, you can showcase clear and impartial legal analysis in your legal memo and other writing assignments in ways that establish you as a strong legal mind.

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  • How to Prepare for Law School
  • How to brief a case
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How to write a case brief for law school: Excerpt reproduced from Introduction to the Study of Law: Cases and Materials ,

Third edition (lexisnexis 2009) by michael makdisi & john makdisi.

C. HOW TO BRIEF

The previous section described the parts of a case in order to make it easier to read and identify the pertinent information that you will use to create your briefs. This section will describe the parts of a brief in order to give you an idea about what a brief is, what is helpful to include in a brief, and what purpose it serves. Case briefs are a necessary study aid in law school that helps to encapsulate and analyze the mountainous mass of material that law students must digest. The case brief represents a final product after reading a case, rereading it, taking it apart, and putting it back together again. In addition to its function as a tool for self-instruction and referencing, the case brief also provides a valuable “cheat sheet” for class participation.

Who will read your brief? Most professors will espouse the value of briefing but will never ask to see that you have, in fact, briefed. As a practicing lawyer, your client doesn’t care if you brief, so long as you win the case. The judges certainly don’t care if you brief, so long as you competently practice the law. You are the person that the brief will serve! Keep this in mind when deciding what elements to include as part of your brief and when deciding what information to include under those elements.

What are the elements of a brief? Different people will tell you to include different things in your brief. Most likely, upon entering law school, this will happen with one or more of your instructors. While opinions may vary, four elements that are essential to any useful brief are the following:

(a) Facts (name of the case and its parties, what happened factually and procedurally, and the judgment)

(b) Issues (what is in dispute)

(c) Holding (the applied rule of law)

(d) Rationale (reasons for the holding)

If you include nothing but these four elements, you should have everything you need in order to recall effectively the information from the case during class or several months later when studying for exams.

Because briefs are made for yourself, you may want to include other elements that expand the four elements listed above. Depending on the case, the inclusion of additional elements may be useful. For example, a case that has a long and important section expounding dicta might call for a separate section in your brief labeled: Dicta. Whatever elements you decide to include, however, remember that the brief is a tool intended for personal use. To the extent that more elements will help with organization and use of the brief, include them. On the other hand, if you find that having more elements makes your brief cumbersome and hard to use, cut back on the number of elements. At a minimum, however, make sure you include the four elements listed above.

Elements that you may want to consider including in addition to the four basic elements are:

(e) Dicta (commentary about the decision that was not the basis for the decision)

(f) Dissent (if a valuable dissenting opinion exits, the dissent’s opinion)

(g) Party’s Arguments (each party’s opposing argument concerning the ultimate issue)

(h) Comments (personal commentary)

Personal comments can be useful if you have a thought that does not fit elsewhere. In the personal experience of one of the authors, this element was used to label cases as specific kinds (e.g., as a case of vicarious liability) or make mental notes about what he found peculiar or puzzling about cases. This element allowed him to release his thoughts (without losing them) so that he could move on to other cases.

In addition to these elements, it may help you to organize your thoughts, as some people do, by dividing Facts into separate elements:

(1) Facts of the case (what actually happened, the controversy)

(2) Procedural History (what events within the court system led to the present case)

(3) Judgment (what the court actually decided)

Procedural History is usually minimal and most of the time irrelevant to the ultimate importance of a case; however, this is not always true. One subject in which Procedure History is virtually always relevant is Civil Procedure.

When describing the Judgment of the case, distinguish it from the Holding. The Judgment is the factual determination by the court, in favor of one party, such as “affirmed,” “reversed,” or “remanded.” In contrast, the Holding is the applied rule of law that serves as the basis for the ultimate judgment.

Remember that the purpose of a brief is to remind you of the important details that make the case significant in terms of the law. It will be a reference tool when you are drilled by a professor and will be a study aid when you prepare for exams. A brief is also like a puzzle piece.

The elements of the brief create the unique shape and colors of the piece, and, when combined with other pieces, the picture of the common law takes form. A well-constructed brief will save you lots of time by removing the need to return to the case to remember the important details and also by making it easier to put together the pieces of the common law puzzle.

D. EXTRACTING THE RELEVANT INFORMATION: ANNOTATING AND HIGHLIGHTING

So now that you know the basic elements of a brief, what information is important to include under each element? The simple answer is: whatever is relevant. But what parts of a case are relevant? When you read your first few cases, you may think that everything that the judge said was relevant to his ultimate conclusion. Even if this were true, what is relevant for the judge to make his decision is not always relevant for you to include in your brief. Remember, the reason to make a brief is not to persuade the world that the ultimate decision in the case is a sound one, but rather to aid in refreshing your memory concerning the most important parts of the case.

What facts are relevant to include in a brief? You should include the facts that are necessary to remind you of the story. If you forget the story, you will not remember how the law in the case was applied. You should also include the facts that are dispositive to the decision in the case. For instance, if the fact that a car is white is a determining factor in the case, the brief should note that the case involves a white car and not simply a car. To the extent that the procedural history either helps you to remember the case or plays an important role in the ultimate outcome, you should include these facts as well.

What issues and conclusions are relevant to include in a brief? There is usually one main issue on which the court rests its decision. This may seem simple, but the court may talk about multiple issues, and may discuss multiple arguments from both sides of the case. Be sure to distinguish the issues from the arguments made by the parties. The relevant issue or issues, and corresponding conclusions, are the ones for which the court made a final decision and which are binding. The court may discuss intermediate conclusions or issues, but stay focused on the main issue and conclusion which binds future courts.

What rationale is important to include in a brief? This is probably the most difficult aspect of the case to determine. Remember that everything that is discussed may have been relevant to the judge, but it is not necessarily relevant to the rationale of the decision. The goal is to remind yourself of the basic reasoning that the court used to come to its decision and the key factors that made the decision favor one side or the other.

A brief should be brief! Overly long or cumbersome briefs are not very helpful because you will not be able to skim them easily when you review your notes or when the professor drills you. On the other hand, a brief that is too short will be equally unhelpful because it lacks sufficient information to refresh your memory. Try to keep your briefs to one page in length. This will make it easy for you to organize and reference them.

Do not get discouraged. Learning to brief and figuring out exactly what to include will take time and practice. The more you brief, the easier it will become to extract the relevant information.

While a brief is an extremely helpful and important study aid, annotating and highlighting are other tools for breaking down the mass of material in your casebook. The remainder of this section will discuss these different techniques and show how they complement and enhance the briefing process.

Annotating Cases

Many of you probably already read with a pencil or pen, but if you do not, now is the time to get in the habit. Cases are so dense and full of information that you will find yourself spending considerable amounts of time rereading cases to find what you need. An effective way to reduce this time is to annotate the margins of the casebook. Your pencil (or pen) will be one of your best friends while reading a case. It will allow you to mark off the different sections (such as facts, procedural history, or conclusions), thus allowing you to clear your mind of thoughts and providing an invaluable resource when briefing and reviewing.

You might be wondering why annotating is important if you make an adequate, well-constructed brief. By their very nature briefs cannot cover everything in a case. Even with a thorough, well-constructed brief you may want to reference the original case in order to reread dicta that might not have seemed important at the time, to review the complete procedural history or set of facts, or to scour the rationale for a better understanding of the case; annotating makes these tasks easier. Whether you return to a case after a few hours or a few months, annotations will swiftly guide you to the pertinent parts of the case by providing a roadmap of the important sections. Your textual markings and margin notes will refresh your memory and restore specific thoughts you might have had about either the case in general or an individual passage.

Annotations will also remind you of forgotten thoughts and random ideas by providing a medium for personal comments.

In addition to making it easier to review an original case, annotating cases during the first review of a case makes the briefing process easier. With adequate annotations, the important details needed for your brief will be much easier to retrieve. Without annotations, you will likely have difficulty locating the information you seek even in the short cases. It might seem strange that it would be hard to reference a short case, but even a short case will likely take you at least fifteen to twenty-five minutes to read, while longer cases may take as much as thirty minutes to an hour to complete. No matter how long it takes, the dense material of all cases makes it difficult to remember all your thoughts, and trying to locate specific sections of the analysis may feel like you are trying to locate a needle in a haystack. An annotation in the margin, however, will not only swiftly guide you to a pertinent section, but will also refresh the thoughts that you had while reading that section.

When you read a case for the first time, read for the story and for a basic understanding of the dispute, the issues, the rationale, and the decision. As you hit these elements (or what you think are these elements) make a mark in the margins. Your markings can be as simple as “facts” (with a bracket that indicates the relevant part of the paragraph). When you spot an issue, you may simply mark “issue” or instead provide a synopsis in your own words. When a case sparks an idea — write that idea in the margin as well — you never know when a seemingly irrelevant idea might turn into something more.

Finally, when you spot a particularly important part of the text, underline it (or highlight it as described below).

With a basic understanding of the case, and with annotations in the margin, the second read-through of the case should be much easier. You can direct your reading to the most important sections and will have an easier time identifying what is and is not important. Continue rereading the case until you have identified all the relevant information that you need to make your brief, including the issue(s), the facts, the holding, and the relevant parts of the analysis.

Pencil or pen — which is better to use when annotating? Our recommendation is a mechanical pencil. Mechanical pencils make finer markings than regular pencils, and also than ballpoint pens. Although you might think a pencil might smear more than a pen, with its sharp point a mechanical pencil uses very little excess lead and will not smear as much as you might imagine. A mechanical pencil will also give you the freedom to make mistakes without consequences. When you first start annotating, you may think that some passages are more important than they really are, and therefore you may resist the urge to make a mark in order to preserve your book and prevent false guideposts. With a pencil, however, the ability to erase and rewrite removes this problem.

Highlighting

Why highlight? Like annotating, highlighting may seem unimportant if you create thorough, well-constructed briefs, but highlighting directly helps you to brief. It makes cases, especially the more complicated ones, easy to digest, review and use to extract information.

Highlighting takes advantage of colors to provide a uniquely effective method for reviewing and referencing a case. If you prefer a visual approach to learning, you may find highlighting to be a very effective tool.

If annotating and highlighting are so effective, why brief? Because the process of summarizing a case and putting it into your own words within a brief provides an understanding of the law and of the case that you cannot gain through the process of highlighting or annotating.

The process of putting the case into your own words forces you to digest the material, while annotating and highlighting can be accomplished in a much more passive manner.

What should you highlight? Similar to annotating, the best parts of the case to highlight are those that represent the needed information for your brief such as the facts, the issue, the holding and the rationale.

Unlike annotating, highlighting provides an effective way to color code, which makes referring to the case even easier. In addition, Highlighters are particularly useful in marking off entire sections by using brackets. These brackets will allow you to color-code the case without highlighting all the text, leaving the most important phrases untouched for a more detailed highlight marking or underlining.

Highlighting is a personal tool, and therefore should be used to the extent that highlighting helps, but should be modified in a way that makes it personally time efficient and beneficial. For instance, you might combine the use of annotations in the margins with the visual benefit of highlighting the relevant text. You may prefer to underline the relevant text with a pencil, but to use a highlighter to bracket off the different sections of a case. Whatever you choose to do, make sure that it works for you, regardless of what others recommend. The techniques in the remainder of this section will describe ways to make full use of your highlighters.

First, buy yourself a set of multi-colored highlighters, with at least four, or perhaps five or six different colors. Yellow, pink, and orange are usually the brightest. Depending on the brand, purple and green can be dark, but still work well. Although blue is a beautiful color, it tends to darken and hide the text.

Therefore we recommend that you save blue for the elements that you rarely highlight.

For each different section of the case, choose a color, and use that color only when highlighting the section of the case designated for that color. Consider using yellow for the text that you tend to highlight most frequently. Because yellow is the brightest, you may be inclined to use yellow for the Conclusions in order to make them stand out the most. If you do this, however, you will exhaust your other colors much faster than yellow and this will require that you purchase an entire set of new highlighters when a single color runs out because colors such as green are not sold separately. If instead you choose to use yellow on a more frequently highlighted section such as the Analysis, when it comes time to replace your yellow marker, you will need only to replace your yellow highlighter individually. In the personal experience on one of the authors, the sections of cases that seemed to demand the most highlighter attention were the

Facts and the Analysis, while the Issues and Holdings demanded the least. Other Considerations and

Procedural History required lots of highlighting in particular cases although not in every case.

Experiment if you must, but try to choose a color scheme early on in the semester and stick with it. That way, when you come back to the first cases of the semester, you will not be confused with multiple color schemes. The basic sections of a case for which you should consider giving a different color are:

• Procedural History

• Issue (and questions presented)

• Holding (and conclusions)

• Analysis (rationale)

• Other Considerations (such as dicta)

Not all of these sections demand a separate color. You may find that combining Facts and Procedural History or Issues and Holdings works best. Furthermore, as mentioned above, some sections may not warrant highlighting in every case (e.g., dicta probably do not need to be highlighted unless they are particularly important). If you decide that a single color is all that you need, then stick to one, but if you find yourself highlighting lots of text from many different sections, reconsider the use of at least a few different colors. Highlighters make text stand out, but only when used appropriately. The use of many colors enables you to highlight more text without reducing the highlighter’s effectiveness. Three to four colors provides decent color variation without the cumbersomeness of handling too many markers.

Once you are comfortable with your color scheme, determining exactly what to highlight still may be difficult. Similar to knowing what to annotate, experience will perfect your highlighting skills. Be careful not to highlight everything, thus ruining your highlighters’ effectiveness; at the same time, do not be afraid to make mistakes.

Now that we have covered the basics of reading, annotating, highlighting, and briefing a case, you are ready to start practicing. Keep the tips and techniques mentioned in this chapter in mind when you tackle the four topics in the remainder of this book. If you have difficultly, refer back to this chapter to help guide you as you master the case method of study and the art of using the common law.

Have questions about law school? Check out our Facebook page , follow us on Twitter or start networking with law students and lawyers on LexTalk .

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Law Search Guide: Write Law Assignments

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how to write an law assignment

eBook- Exams and Studying

how to write an law assignment

  • Assignment Scheduler

Throughout your law studies , you will need to complete a variety of different assignments. See below to explore four different forms of assignments ​​​​​​.

  • What goes into a case note?
  • Tips by Students
  • Step-by-Step
  • Case Note Examples

how to write an law assignment

A case note is a summary or a summary and critical analysis of a case.

 A case note will usually include:

  • Citations details-   include the full citation details. 
  • Procedural history-   write about how the matter came to court if there is a history, e.g. is the case on appeal?
  • Facts-   Explain the main points of the dispute or the reason the parties are in court. What orders or decision as they asking the court to make?
  • Legal Issues-  Explain what the legal issues are and how they apply to the facts. 
  • Decision summary-  What did the court decide and why? What was the ratio (the rule of law on which the decision is based) and was there any obiter (the Judge's opinion that isn't essential to the decision).  Also include and dissenting Judges where applicable. 
  • Critical Analysis-  Some case   notes will also require you to critically analysis the case, this will involve looking at the case in the wider body of law and discuss the merit or importance of the points of law raised in the case.   

You usually have a strict word count for your case note, because of this limit the detail that you have for the background information and focus on the analysis.  

Tip:  Always read through your assignment instructions for specific information that will apply to your assessment task.  

Read advice from other law students on how to survive law school. These links come from the  Survive Law Blog .

  • How to Write a Case Note
  • Case note assignments This online tutorial from Monash University will take you step by step through writing a case note.
  • Case Note: Betting Across Boarders This case note examines the recent High Court decision of Betfair Pty Limited v Western Australia.
  • Case Note: Australian Securities and Investment Commission v MacDonald Australian Securities and Investments Commission v Macdonald [No 11] required the New South Wales Supreme Court to determine whether company directors and officers of James Hardie Industries Ltd had breached their duties.
  • Case Note: Giller v Procopets This casenote deals with the claims concerning the videoing of the sexual encounters between the parties and the exhibition and/or distribution of the video to third parties.
  • Essay Template
  • A Visual Guide to Essay Writing
  • eBooks on Legal Writing
  • Reading Cases
  • Tips Written by Law Students
  • CDU Honors Research Papers

how to write an law assignment

  • AGLC Template You can use this template to help you with formatting.

This resource uses a visual approach to take students through the process of essay writing for University. Although not law specific this resource will demonstrate formulating, refining and expressing academic essay writing:

how to write an law assignment

One of the best ways to develop your writing skills is to read. Reading will expose you to different styles of writing and through reading you will form your own style. Think about the reports and cases that you read that frustrated you in finding out what the main ratio was. Compare that to this recent well written coroners report: 

  • Inquest into the deaths of William George Scott [2015 ] NTMC 022 & Lanh Van Tran [2015] NTMC 023

Read advice from other law students on how to survive law school. These links come from the  Survive Law Blog :

  • Five Tips for Writing Awesome Assignments
  • Tips from your Tutor: How to Write the Perfect Law Essay Introduction
  • Writing Convincing Assignments: Critical Analysis Checklist

This is a list of CDU student papers that were submitted for the Honours Research Papers. These are excellent examples of legal writing. 

  • Double Jeopardy Reform: Political Expediency of Much Needed Change?
  • The Euthanasia Fallacy: Why it is time to regulate in Australia
  • Everybody Knows: Snowden's NSA Leaks, Metadata And Privacy Implications For Australia
  • Intellectual Disability in the Australian Criminal Justice System
  • New South Wales Right To Silence Reforms: Maximum Admissions, Minimum Silence
  • Same-Sex Parents: Won't Somebody Please Think Of The Children!
  • Testamentary Capacity & Rational Suicide: the Law, Medicine & Safe-guarding your Intentions
  • Problem Solving Questions
  • eBook on Problem Solving

how to write an law assignment

  • Tips from your Tutor: 10 Ways to Improve your Problem Solving Assignment
  • Using IRAC to Answer Problem Solving Questions
  • Introduction
  • Preparing for a Law Exam
  • Past Exam Papers from CDU

how to write an law assignment

Exams come in different formats, they can be:

  • Invigilated open book exam
  • Invigilated closed book exam
  • Take home exam

Read advice from other law students on how to survive law school. These links come from the  Survive Law Blog : 

  • Advice from your Tutor: Law Exam Preparation and Technique
  • Exam Countdown: Making the most of the Last 24 Hours
  • How to Make an Exam Answer Template
  • How to Make a Study Timetable for Exams
  • How to Study for a Closed Book Exam

how to write an law assignment

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How to Structure & Write A First-Class Law Essay: Key Tips

Writing a law essay can be a challenging task. As a law student, you’ll be expected to analyse complex legal issues and apply legal principles to real-world scenarios. At the same time, you’ll need to be able to communicate your ideas clearly and persuasively. In this article, we’ll cover some top tips to guide you through the process of planning, researching, structuring and writing a first-class law essay. By the end of this article, you’ll be better equipped to tackle your next writing assignment with confidence!

1. Start In Advance

Give yourself plenty of time to plan, research and write your law essay. Always aim to start your law essay as soon as you have the question. Leaving it until the last minute does not only create unnecessary stress, but it also leaves you insufficient time to write, reference and perfect your work.

2. Understand The Question

Do not begin until you fully comprehend the question. Take the time to read the question carefully and make sure that you understand what it’s asking you to do. Highlight key terms and annotate the question with definitions of key concepts and any questions that you have have. Think about how the question links back to what you’ve learned during your lectures or through your readings.

3. Conduct Thorough Research

Conducting thorough research around your topic is one of the most fundamental parts of the essay writing process. You should aim to use a range of relevant sources, such as cases, academic articles, books and any other legal materials. Ensure that the information you collect is taken from relevant, reliable and up to date sources. Use primary over secondary material as much as possible.

Avoid using outdated laws and obscure blog posts as sources of information. Always aim to choose authoritative sources from experts within the field, such as academics, politicians, lawyers and judges. Using high-quality and authoritative sources and demonstrating profound and critical insight into your topic are what will earn you top marks.

Start writing like a lawyer! Read our tips:

4. write a detailed plan.

Once you’ve done your research, it’s time to plan your essay. When writing your plan, you’ll need to create an outline that clearly identifies the main points that you wish to make throughout your article. Try to write down what you wish to achieve in each paragraph, what concepts you want to discuss and arguments you want to make.

Your outline should be organised in a clear, coherent and logical manner to ensure that the person grading your essay can follow your line of thought and arguments easily.  You may also wish to include headings and subheadings to structure your essay effectively This makes it easier when it comes to writing the essay as starting without a plan can get messy. The essay must answer the question and nothing but the question so ensure all of your points relate to it.

5. Write A Compelling Introduction

A great introduction should, firstly, outline the research topic.  The introduction is one of the most crucial parts of the law essay as it sets the tone for the rest of the paper. It should capture the readers attention and provide the background context on the topic. Most importantly, it should state the thesis of your essay.

When writing your introduction, avoid simply repeating the given question. Secondly, create a road map for the reader, letting them know how the essay will approach the question. Your introduction must be concise. The main body of the essay is where you will go into detail.

6. Include A Strong Thesis Statement

Your thesis should clearly set out the argument you are going to be making throughout your essay and should normally go in the introduction. Your thesis should adopt a clear stance rather than being overly general or wishy-washy. To obtain the best grades, you’ll need to show a unique perspective based upon a critical analysis of the topic rather than adopting the most obvious point of view.

Once you’ve conducted your research and had a chance to reflect on your topic, ask yourself whether you can prove your argument within the given word count or whether you would need to adopt a more modest position for your paper. Always have a clear idea of what your thesis statement is before you begin writing the content of your essay. 

7. Present the Counter-argument

To demonstrate your deeper understanding of the topic, it’s important to show your ability to consider the counter-arguments and address them in a careful and reasoned manner. When presenting your counterarguments, aim to depict them in the best possible light, aiming to be fair and reasonable before moving on to your rebuttal. To ensure that your essay is convincing, you will need to have a strong rebuttal that explains why your argument is stronger and more persuasive. This will demonstrate your capacity for critical analysis, showing the reader that you have carefully considered differing perspectives before coming to a well-supported conclusion.

8. End With A Strong Conclusion

Your conclusion is your opportunity to summarise the key points made throughout your essay and to restate the thesis statement in a clear and concise manner.  Avoid simply repeating what has already been mentioned in the body of the essay. For top grades, you should use the conclusion as an opportunity to provide critical reflection and analysis on the topic. You may also wish to share any further insights or recommendations into alternative avenues to consider or implications for further research that could add value to the topic. 

9. Review The Content Of Your Essay

Make sure you factor in time to edit the content of your essay.  Once you’ve finished your first draft, come back to it the next day. Re-read your essay with a critical perspective. Do your arguments make sense? Do your paragraphs flow in a logical manner? You may also consider asking someone to read your paper and give you critical feedback. They may be able to add another perspective you haven’t considered or suggest another research paper that could add value to your essay. 

10. Proofread For Grammatical Mistakes

Once you’re happy with the content of your essay, the last step is to thoroughly proofread your essay for any grammatical errors. Ensure that you take time to ensure that there are no grammar, spelling or punctuation errors as these can be one of the easiest ways to lose marks. You can ask anyone to proofread your paper, as they would not necessarily need to have a legal background – just strong grammar and spelling skills! 

11. Check Submission Guidelines

Before submitting, ensure that your paper conforms with the style, referencing and presentation guidelines set out by your university. This includes the correct font, font size and line spacing as well as elements such as page numbers, table of content etc. Referencing is also incredibly important as you’ll need to make sure that you are following the correct referencing system chosen by your university. Check your university’s guidelines about what the word count is and whether you need to include your student identification number in your essay as well. Be thorough and don’t lose marks for minor reasons!

12. Use Legal Terms Accurately

Always make sure that you are using legal terms accurately throughout your essay. Check an authoritative resource if you are unsure of any definitions. While being sophisticated is great, legal jargon if not used correctly or appropriately can weaken your essay. Aim to be concise and to stick to the point. Don’t use ten words when only two will do.

12. Create a Vocabulary Bank

One recurring piece of advice from seasoned law students is to take note of phrases from books and articles, key definitions or concepts and even quotes from your professors. When it comes to writing your law essay, you will have a whole range of ideas and vocabulary that will help you to develop your understanding and thoughts on a given topic. This will make writing your law essay even easier!

13. Finally, Take Care of Yourself

Last but certainly not least, looking after your health can improve your attitude towards writing your law essay your coursework in general. Sleep, eat, drink and exercise appropriately. Take regular breaks and try not to stress. Do not forget to enjoy writing the essay!

Write like a lawyer! Read our tips:

Legal writing: start writing like a lawyer.

  • Earn Money with Law Essays

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Law research and writing skills: Getting started

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  • Back to Law guide

New to Law at Monash? This page provides links and tips to help you through your first semester or trimester.

Week 1 and 2

  • Take our interactive tutorial about academic integrity .
  • Learn essential research skills in Library workshops. Workshops are run as part of first-year Law units for both undergraduates and postgraduates.
  • Read the resources on your unit Moodle sites , which include important information from your lecturers about the units you'll be studying as well as information from the library to help you learn legal research and writing skills.

Your first assignment

Understanding your assignment.

  • Check your unit guide or Moodle site for assignment requirements and marking rubrics.
  • Use legal dictionaries and encyclopaedias to look up terms and concepts you're not familiar with.
  • Learn how to approach law assignments .

Doing your research

  • Learn about legal research skills .
  • Use the key law databases .
  • Find relevant cases , legislation and commentary .

Writing the assignment

  • Read our tutorials on writing case notes or writing legal essays .
  • Make sure you cite and reference your sources correctly.

Throughout the year

  • Take good notes in lectures to help you revise.
  • Get advice from our librarians at a drop-in session .
  • Use these resources to learn more about cases and the courts.
  • Read our guide to exam preparation .
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Help with writing assignments

You can improve your skills at writing assignments for your subject area in a number of ways: 

  • Read the guidance or view the online tutorial on this page.  They both go through the TIME model (Targeted, In-depth, Measured, Evidence-based) to explain what's required in academic writing.
  • Attend one of our Succeed@Tees workshops. We run a workshop on academic writing, as well as on other types of writing (including critical writing, reflective writing, report writing).  See Succeed@Tees workshops  for more information, including a list of dates and times.
  • Book a one-to-one tutorial with our learning and development team . We can provide guidance on your structure and writing style.

Guidance on academic writing

Evidence-based.

  • Bringing it all together
  • Finally ...

clock logo

  • Writing an assignment takes time, more time than you may expect.  Just because you find yourself spending many weeks on an assignment doesn’t mean that you’re approaching it in the wrong way.
  • It also takes time to develop the skills to write well, so don’t be discouraged if your early marks aren’t what you’d hoped for.  Use the feedback from your previous assignments to improve.
  • Different types of assignments require different styles, so be prepared for the need to continue to develop your skills.

We’ve broken down TIME into 4 key elements of academic writing: Targeted, In-depth, Measured and Evidence-based.

time togos

  • What is an academic piece of work

Target logo

Your assignment needs to be targeted .  It should:

  • Be focused on the questions and criteria
  • Make a decision
  • Follow an argument
  • How to be targeted
  • Academic keywords or clue words

in-depth logo

Your assignment needs to be in-depth .  You should consider your questions and criteria thoroughly, thinking about all possible aspects, and including the argument both for and against different viewpoints.

You should:

  • Identify topic areas
  • Plan your assignment
  • Think about your introduction and conclusion
  • How to be in-depth
  • How to read quickly

measured logo

An academic writing style is measured. By this, we mean that it’s:

  • Emotionally neutral
  • Formal – written in the third person and in full sentences
  • How to be measured

evidence-based logo

Your assignment needs to be evidence-based . You should:

  • Reference all the ideas in your work
  • Paraphrase your evidence
  • Apply critical thinking to your evidence
  • How to be evidence-based
  • How to paraphrase

Once you’ve found all your evidence, and have decided what to say in each section, you need to write it up as paragraphs.  Each paragraph should be on a single topic, making a single point.  A paragraph is usually around a third of a page. 

We find Godwin’s (2014) WEED model very helpful for constructing paragraphs.

W is for What

You should begin your paragraph with the topic or point that you’re making, so that it’s clear to your lecturer.  Everything in the paragraph should fit in with this opening sentence.

E is for Evidence  

The middle of your paragraph should be full of evidence – this is where all your references should be incorporated.  Make sure that your evidence fits in with your topic.

E is for Examples

Sometimes it’s useful to expand on your evidence.  If you’re talking about a case study, the example might be how your point relates to the particular scenario being discussed.

D is for Do

You should conclude your paragraph with the implications of your discussion.  This gives you the opportunity to add your commentary, which is very important in assignments which require you to use critical analysis. 

So, in effect, each paragraph is like a mini-essay, with an introduction, main body and conclusion.

Allow yourself some TIME to proofread your assignment.  You’ll probably want to proofread it several times. 

You should read it through at least once for sense and structure, to see if your paragraphs flow.  Check that your introduction matches the content of your assignment.  You’ll also want to make sure that you’ve been concise in your writing style. 

You’ll then need to read it again to check for grammatical errors, typos and that your references are correct.

It’s best if you can create some distance from your assignment by coming back to it after a few days. It’s also often easier to pick out mistakes if you read your work aloud.

  • How to proofread

Online tutorial for writing assignments

We have an online tutorial to support academic writing. Click on the image below or go to Academic Writing  to view the tutorial.

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Further Reading

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  • Last Updated: Feb 7, 2024 11:37 AM
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10 Strategies For Writing Law Assignments Like A Pro

10 Strategies For Writing Law Assignments Like A Pro

Are you a law student who’s struggling with writing law assignments? You’ve got a tough assignment coming up. You’re nervous, and you’re not sure how to write it.

Well, you’re not alone, most law students often struggle with law assignments and prefer to seek law assignment help . This is because law school assignments are quite different from other types of written work. They require in-depth research and a good understanding of the subject. Plus, you also need to present your ideas clearly and concisely in a way that made sense to the audience.

But don’t worry! We’ve got some great tips to help you write like a pro, no matter what type of law assignment you’re dealing with. Whether you’re learning about the law of torts, contract law, or property law, these strategies will help you tackle any type of legal assignment.

And best of all? They won’t take much time out of your busy schedule. So let’s start exploring proven strategies to write an outstanding law assignment!

How To Write Law Assignments Like A Pro?

Whether you’re a student or a lawyer, here are 10 strategies to help you write like a pro:

1.   Read, Take Notes, And Then Read Some More.

The first step in writing a law assignment is to read the question carefully. In order to write an effective answer, you need to understand the question first. Read it over and over again, looking at each word and phrase for meaning.

Look at the assignment instructions as well—are there any specific formatting requirements? What kind of format do you need to follow?

Read relevant case law, legislation, or other sources of information that might help make your argument stronger. It’s important to know where in these documents you can find what you need. So when it comes time for writing your own version of an argument, everything fits together nicely!

Take notes as you go along—this will help keep track of all those details about what was said where (and when). Then review those notes before moving on. Make sure they are clear enough so you can understand them without too much trouble too!

1.   Break It Down Into Steps And Set Yourself Deadlines.

In law school, assignments are often long and complicated. This makes it easy for us to get overwhelmed by the amount of work we have on our plates. To help stay organized and focused, break down your assignment into manageable steps and set yourself deadlines for each step.

Also, Be consistent with your writing style and tone. You don’t want your reader confused by whether they’re reading someone who’s trying really hard or someone who doesn’t care about their work or their audience at all.

2.   Use Different Sources And Be Critical Of Them.

If you’re writing a law assignment, it’s important to use multiple sources. This helps give you a balanced view of the material and makes sure that you get all sides of an argument. While this can sometimes feel like too much work, it will pay off in the long run by giving your reader access to an accurate representation of what happened in court cases or legislative debates.

You should also be critical when evaluating these sources: check their dates of publication. Make sure they were written by experts on their topic. Ensure they are unbiased (not taking sides). Determine if they’re credible (whether or not they have credibility within their field).

3.   Plan Your Essay Before You Start Writing.

When you’re writing an essay, it can be tempting to dive right in and start writing. But this is a mistake because it leads to writer’s block and procrastination. Instead, plan your professional law essay help before you start writing!

Planning helps you stay on track by giving your brain something familiar to focus on during the process of creating new sentences and paragraphs (instead of being stuck on one word). Planning also helps prevent writer’s block from happening. Once you have an outline for your paper or assignment, there are no more excuses for not being able to write anything else—you’re just doing what needs doing!

4.   Make A Schedule And Stick To It

Making a schedule and sticking to it is one of the most important things you can do when writing law assignments.

  • Make sure that you set aside time each day for writing. It’s easy to get distracted by other things, so make sure your schedule includes breaks in between writing sessions!
  • Don’t try to do too much at once—it’s more productive if you take breaks and spread out your workload over several hours or days instead of trying to complete everything all in one go (or even worse, procrastinating and ending up doing nothing).
  • One of the best ways to stay organized is by using a planner or calendar. This will help you plan out your assignments so that you don’t get overwhelmed by all the work that needs to be done.
  • It’s also important to make sure that your schedule takes into account any other commitments or responsibilities in your life—such as part-time jobs, etc.

5.   Take A Break And Come Back To It With Fresh Eyes.

You don’t have to keep writing until you finish the assignment. It’s fine if you take a break every few pages or so and come back with fresh eyes. There are many ways that taking breaks can help improve your writing.

First, it gives you time to think about what you’re doing and how it makes sense. Second, taking breaks allows writers to process information better than if they were just sitting behind their computers all day long trying desperately not to fall asleep.

When you’re writing, it’s easy to get distracted by social media or TV shows, but don’t make the mistake of thinking that these things will help you write better. Instead, use them as rewards after your work is done!

6.   Don’t Forget About The References!

References and citations are essential for your assignment. Make sure to format your references correctly and cite them correctly, too. Be sure to include citations in the body of the text, and use them correctly. For example, if you cite a case, put the citation in parentheses after the quote. If you cite an article, put it in square brackets after the quote.

The best way to avoid plagiarism is by following the proper citation method of author, title, page number(s), year published, and name of publisher or journal (if possible). For example: “Chapman & Hall Law Review article by Bhatia v. State of Texas (2016)”

The key is to ensure that when your reader looks at your paper they know where to find what you’re talking about. If ever you have any doubts about what a source says in its reference section then check it with another source first before quoting it directly.

7.   Proofread And Proofread Again.

Proofreading is the most important step in writing law assignments as a professional. It is a key part of writing and should be done before you submit your work for review

Make sure you have a good grasp of the material before proofreading and make sure to use a dictionary and grammar checker. If you’re not careful, your work could be riddled with errors that make it hard for the reader to understand what you have written.

You can ask a friend or family member to read your paper before your professor grade it. You can also pay someone else to do this work for you or maybe even hire an expert proofreader at an hourly rate!

8.   Know When To Ask For Help

If you’re struggling with an assignment, don’t hesitate to ask for help. It’s perfectly fine to reach out and ask your professor or classmates for assistance in completing the assignment. If there are no other options available, though, don’t hesitate to reach out to senior students who might have more experience than you do with this type of writing assignment.

Finally, think about taking advantage of resources outside of class. Library staff members will often feel happy simply by hearing from their peers that they need some extra help!

9.   Make Sure You Don’t Forget Your Priorities

It’s important to remember that you can’t always be writing . You also have to eat, sleep, and exercise—you need your body to be healthy so that it can do its job.

You should also make sure you’re not neglecting other important things like going out with friends or having fun!

If you find yourself struggling with writer’s block, don’t feel like it’s a sign of failure. It can happen to anyone, even professional writers. The most important thing is to remember that you’re not alone—and there are plenty of ways you can overcome it!

If possible, go back and check your research sources again before starting on your paper—you might find something new!

10. Turn Your Law Assignments From Nightmares Into Manageable Tasks.

The k step to turning your law assignments into manageable tasks is staying on top of things. You can do this by setting deadlines, sticking to them, and keeping everything organized—like your research material. As long as you keep focused and stay on top of things, you can turn your law assignments from nightmares into manageable tasks.

Here are some tips for managing your time effectively:

  • Keep track of when you’re going to write each assignment. This will also help prevent procrastination from creeping up on you!
  • If possible, try scheduling breaks during working periods instead of staring at a computer screen all day long. This will help keep your mind fresh and you can give proper attention to your task.

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Expert Tips: How to Write Flawless Law Assignments

How to Write Flawless Law Assignments

When you want to do something, either big or small, first, you plan your actions and think of ways to successfully achieve the end goal. So, why not do the same when you are writing for academic purposes that involve your grades and evaluation of performance?

There is no doubt that today, many students find it too hard to compose an assignment that is of high quality with a perfect structure and formatting. While some of them do not have the right skill set to cater the writing requirements, others struggle because of time constraints. Eventually, they end up seeking law assignments help to submit a perfect paper to earn better grades.

Now, you must be thinking about the charges of these law assignment writing services because you also want to ace in your academic life. But before you do so, you must know the basics of writing a law essay so that you can assess the quality, credibility and accuracy of the paper.

Check out these tips given by experts from the law field to better your understanding of law writing.

Law Essay Writing Service – 5 Tips to Ace Your Next Law Writing Task

Follow the guidelines.

Your professor will provide you with the basic requirements and specifications that are going to help you understand what you have to do and how you have to do it. If you misunderstood it, your hard work of several hours will go in vain. Therefore, you must go through the guidelines at least once before penning down your thoughts. Also, the law assignment may include law terminologies and other complex jargons that you need to get familiar with beforehand. By doing so, not only you can score higher but also impress your professor for composing a concise and precise paper.

Focus on the Main Points

After you’ve understood your professor’s requirements, you need to identify the main argument/issue that you are going to discuss in your write-up. For this, you might also need to do thorough background research to ensure you know all the applicable law rules and acts.

Moreover, including penalties and requirements related to any issue or act can make your law assignment writing more attractive. For example, if you are talking about any crime scene, referencing it with the legal provisions of crime theories can boost the credibility of your paper. This way, you can draw useful arguments and learn how things work in the real world.

Develop a Strategy

As writing a law assignment is complicated and requires extra concentration, you must plan the structure and flow of the content. Because starting the assignment without any proper pre-writing strategy is going to confuse you and affect your paper quality. So, spend a good amount of time in arranging your ideas and drafting an outline. Planning will also help you in efficiently managing the time during the writing process and enable you to deliver a perfect law assignment. Note that the professors like a well-thought and a professionally structured assignment written within the specified word count more than anything.

Revise and Proofread

Once you have finished the assignment, make sure you read it. Reading helps in identifying the small mistakes such as grammatical errors, misplaced punctuation or types, that you might have forgotten to correct during writing. It also allows you to include other important information or check the logical and structural flow of the content. You can also cross-check whether all the references and citations are mentioned. If your submitted paper is full of flaws it will be difficult for you to improve the grades. Therefore, always remember to give your paper one last look and then you’re all set to make your way into the top achievers' list.

Seek Professional Law Essay Writing Help

If, at any point, you think you lack the expertise of writing a law paper , take this as a read alarm. There is no good in continuing the write-up when you have inadequate skills or resources. Therefore, you must let the professionals help you. They have better knowledge and understanding of what the professors need and expect from you due to their extensive experience.

Furthermore, you can learn some tips and tricks for designing and structuring the content in a better way. They will be available for you round the clock as your writing assistant. However, ensure giving it a thought before you jump to your final decision.

Now that you know what it takes to make an assignment worthy of grades, learn these few pitfalls to avoid during the writing process.

6 Law Writing Pitfalls To Avoid

Assignment writing is a tedious job, especially when it comes to complex law writing. Therefore, you need to be careful about a few things that might affect the overall quality of your paper.

1. The Tone

Oftentimes, mistakenly, many students use informal or casual tone while writing their academic assignments. Understand that there is a particular tone for each type of assignment that you must master before penning down the main content. And in law, it is formal and professional.

2. Colloquialism

No matter how well-written your paper is, if it includes colloquialism then it’s real essence is lost. Because maybe your professor isn’t familiar with the words/phrases that are common for you. So, you need to make sure that you’re writing in simple language including concise but effective ideas.

3. Writing Prose

Ensure that your paragraphs are not too long nor too short and all of them have equal weightage. Also, all the information provided must be written in complete sentences otherwise your statements would be misinterpreted. If you think the content is boring, you can include an analysis and evaluation section at the end.

4. Citations

There are different types of referencing and citation styles. You cannot alter their formatting or include information other than the given requirements. Especially in law writing, you need to learn certain rules before you can cite information from other sources. However, failing to comply with the said rules will lead to a deduction in marks.

5. Proofreading

We understand you get tired after completing the law assignment but proofreading is important. You cannot submit a paper without rechecking it. There can be so many mistakes, errors and flaws in the writing that can negatively affect your grade. Moreover, in the professional world, presenting a flawed document can raise questions on your credibility as a law expert.

6. Legalese

You want to improve the quality of your assignment, but trust us, using complicated words and phrases is not going to help you win grades. For instance, wherein, aforementioned, heretofore and other such words are difficult to understand and sometimes don’t go with the flow of the content. So, ensure keeping the content simple and concise for better clarity.

Have you just started writing the legal assignments? You need to be patient because writing is not a skill that you can master in a day. It will take you lots of dedication, commitment and practice to continue writing the law assignments.

Just know that there will be days when you will feel miserable and defeated, but the professional law academic writers can be your saviour. Therefore, we advise you to seek help at the right time to release pressure and focus your energy on the end goal!

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Writing Law Assignments: An Ultimate Guide to Ace Them

Know the Process of Writing Law Assignments to Draft an Ideal One

Table of Contents

What Is a Law Assignment? A Brief Introduction

How to write law assignment 5-step process, how to structure a law assignment an ideal approach, how our experts can help you in writing law assignments.

Completing the assignment just to finish the work will never make you earn higher grades. Thus, you must put effort into writing law assignments that embrace the best quality. So, to do this, you need to work hard and plan things accordingly. Moreover, an ideal law assignment is well-researched, logically drafted, grammatically correct, and properly formatted. Although this might be challenging for some students, but if you know how to write a law assignment, then you can ace it smoothly. But before delving into the process, you need to know what a law assignment actually is. So, read further to get along with it.

A law assignment is a project that helps students gain knowledge and improvise on their already existing skills. On the other hand, it enables a professor to evaluate the knowledge of the students on a particular topic. Thus, writing law assignments becomes necessary to get promoted. Moreover, a law assignment must adhere to several guidelines and fundamentals that might confuse pupils. However, seeking  law assignment help  from the experts on our platform can ease the entire process. Furthermore, if you do not have an idea of the steps that you need to adhere to while working on these tasks, you must read the following section of the blog to get along with it.

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Writing law assignments is indeed a challenging task that makes students lose their grades. It is so because it requires you to have analytical, communication, argumentative, and persuasive skills to draft an ideal document. Thus, in this section, you will discover how to structure a law assignment? So, read further to explore the steps:

Understand the Case Clearly

To draft an ideal law assignment, you need to begin with understanding the case or the topic you will work on. It is a crucial yet the most ignored step of the entire process. But, if you do not know the objective of the task, you cannot ace it. Thus, before writing law assignments, you need to get along with the purpose of it. To do this, you need to read the guidelines laid by your professor and understand them clearly to have an idea of where you have to reach. Besides this, you can also create a checklist to refer to at the end of the writing process. 

 Conduct Research for the Case

Once you have a clear vision of where you have to reach, it is time to conduct a thorough research process. It is another crucial step in the procedure that will help you to reach your destination smoothly. To do this, you need to refer to various resources to gather the required data. Moreover, when you  buy assignment  from us, we gather the information from different sources. This is so because sticking to a particular source increases the chances of plagiarism. So, we look for multiple sources and collect the needed information. In addition, it also helps to increase the credibility of the document we generate. 

Include Justified Arguments

After conducting the research, it is time to include the arguments that you have gathered. But you do not have to mention everything that you know. It is so because it makes your content lose its central focus and makes it vague. Thus, you need to include only those arguments which are the most relevant and you can prove. It might be a challenging task and make students think about how to write a law assignment. However, to do this, you need to be focused enough to evaluate the arguments and judge them on the basis of the importance of your topic or the case. 

Use Formal Legal Terms

Writing law assignments requires you to focus on the formal tone of the entire document. It is so because you cannot draft an authentic document without this. The reason behind it is there are several laws, acts, amendments and more that you need to include as it is in your assignments. Thus, remembering them and incorporating them accurately can be tedious sometimes. It is why students think, Who can  do my assignment  for me? So, at our platform, you do not have to worry, as we have a team of subject matter experts and law practitioners who can ace these smoothly.

Create a Word Bank 

Only including the legal terms and terminologies is not enough to make an impression on your professor. Hence, you need to be one step ahead of your fellow mates to do so. Thus, for this, you can include a word bank or a glossary to make a layman understand the document. A word bank is a list including the meanings, definitions, and purposes of the legal or formal terms you have used in your document.

These are the steps or an answer to your query of how to write law assignment? So, move ahead to know the structure you need to follow while developing your assignment.

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Each assignment follows a defined structure that needs to be followed to make it effective. Thus, in this section, you will discover how to structure a law assignment to make it up to par. So, the outline of a law assignment is divided into three sections that are:

Introduction

The introductory section is the foremost section of the document that acts as a guiding light. Thus, you need to draft in a way that introduces and gives a hint of what the document is about. To ease it, seeking help from academic writing service  is the best option. Moreover, it is divided into three sections that are:

Including the background information about the case you are working on is a crucial thing. It is so because, without knowing the history, you cannot move ahead with it. Thus, you must begin your introductory section with background information of the theme.

Once you have included the history, you have to define the case you are working on to take it ahead. To do this, describe the central theme you are working on. It will help the reader know what your entire document will focus on.

After defining the central focus, it is time to drive the readers through it. Thus, to do this, you must include the critical pointers on which your document will focus. It is so because it will help you to give a direction to your audience about the content.

The body is that section of the document where you have to explain everything in detail. It might be the trickiest section of all, for which you need to hire a law assignment writer to ace it. Moreover, this section is also divided into three parts that are:

Arguments are the pointers you believe are true for a topic you are working on. Thus, you need to add all the arguments in the body section to prove your point of view on the theme you are working with.

Including the arguments is not the only thing you must do; instead, you must prove them appropriate. To do this, you need to add compelling pieces of evidence that will justify them. If you cannot do it by yourself, you can take professional assignment help .

After you have added the supporting elements, it is time to conclude each paragraph with some relevant information. Thus, each paragraph of the body includes some construction information as well.

It is the last section of your document, which works to summarise all the things you have started. Thus, this section is also divided into two parts that are:

  • Restate Theme

This section works to bring the reader to the point from where they have started. So, you need to restate the thesis statement in your summary.

Conclusion does not mean that you need to add all the things; instead, you need to include only the crucial points related to your theme.

So, if you do not want to put in too much effort, or you do not have enough time to do all this, you can seek  custom assignment help  from the experts. Now you might think, where to seek help from the experts, right? So, the next section will help you explore.

Now you know the process of writing law assignments that will fetch you higher grades. The procedure discussed in the blog will help you to ace an ideal document without much ado. But, if you cannot do it by yourself, do not have time or are facing some other issue, do not worry; the experts at the Assignment Desk are there to guide you.

It is possible due to their expertise in the field and the experience they hold in the industry. Thus, you do not have to worry about the quality we will serve you. Moreover, we provide the best service at the most affordable rates. Besides this, you can also use the six free academic writing tools available on our website. So, do not struggle more and leave your stress on our experts.

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  • assignments basic law

Assignments: The Basic Law

The assignment of a right or obligation is a common contractual event under the law and the right to assign (or prohibition against assignments) is found in the majority of agreements, leases and business structural documents created in the United States.

As with many terms commonly used, people are familiar with the term but often are not aware or fully aware of what the terms entail. The concept of assignment of rights and obligations is one of those simple concepts with wide ranging ramifications in the contractual and business context and the law imposes severe restrictions on the validity and effect of assignment in many instances. Clear contractual provisions concerning assignments and rights should be in every document and structure created and this article will outline why such drafting is essential for the creation of appropriate and effective contracts and structures.

The reader should first read the article on Limited Liability Entities in the United States and Contracts since the information in those articles will be assumed in this article.

Basic Definitions and Concepts:

An assignment is the transfer of rights held by one party called the “assignor” to another party called the “assignee.” The legal nature of the assignment and the contractual terms of the agreement between the parties determines some additional rights and liabilities that accompany the assignment. The assignment of rights under a contract usually completely transfers the rights to the assignee to receive the benefits accruing under the contract. Ordinarily, the term assignment is limited to the transfer of rights that are intangible, like contractual rights and rights connected with property. Merchants Service Co. v. Small Claims Court , 35 Cal. 2d 109, 113-114 (Cal. 1950).

An assignment will generally be permitted under the law unless there is an express prohibition against assignment in the underlying contract or lease. Where assignments are permitted, the assignor need not consult the other party to the contract but may merely assign the rights at that time. However, an assignment cannot have any adverse effect on the duties of the other party to the contract, nor can it diminish the chance of the other party receiving complete performance. The assignor normally remains liable unless there is an agreement to the contrary by the other party to the contract.

The effect of a valid assignment is to remove privity between the assignor and the obligor and create privity between the obligor and the assignee. Privity is usually defined as a direct and immediate contractual relationship. See Merchants case above.

Further, for the assignment to be effective in most jurisdictions, it must occur in the present. One does not normally assign a future right; the assignment vests immediate rights and obligations.

No specific language is required to create an assignment so long as the assignor makes clear his/her intent to assign identified contractual rights to the assignee. Since expensive litigation can erupt from ambiguous or vague language, obtaining the correct verbiage is vital. An agreement must manifest the intent to transfer rights and can either be oral or in writing and the rights assigned must be certain.

Note that an assignment of an interest is the transfer of some identifiable property, claim, or right from the assignor to the assignee. The assignment operates to transfer to the assignee all of the rights, title, or interest of the assignor in the thing assigned. A transfer of all rights, title, and interests conveys everything that the assignor owned in the thing assigned and the assignee stands in the shoes of the assignor. Knott v. McDonald’s Corp ., 985 F. Supp. 1222 (N.D. Cal. 1997)

The parties must intend to effectuate an assignment at the time of the transfer, although no particular language or procedure is necessary. As long ago as the case of National Reserve Co. v. Metropolitan Trust Co ., 17 Cal. 2d 827 (Cal. 1941), the court held that in determining what rights or interests pass under an assignment, the intention of the parties as manifested in the instrument is controlling.

The intent of the parties to an assignment is a question of fact to be derived not only from the instrument executed by the parties but also from the surrounding circumstances. When there is no writing to evidence the intention to transfer some identifiable property, claim, or right, it is necessary to scrutinize the surrounding circumstances and parties’ acts to ascertain their intentions. Strosberg v. Brauvin Realty Servs., 295 Ill. App. 3d 17 (Ill. App. Ct. 1st Dist. 1998)

The general rule applicable to assignments of choses in action is that an assignment, unless there is a contract to the contrary, carries with it all securities held by the assignor as collateral to the claim and all rights incidental thereto and vests in the assignee the equitable title to such collateral securities and incidental rights. An unqualified assignment of a contract or chose in action, however, with no indication of the intent of the parties, vests in the assignee the assigned contract or chose and all rights and remedies incidental thereto.

More examples: In Strosberg v. Brauvin Realty Servs ., 295 Ill. App. 3d 17 (Ill. App. Ct. 1st Dist. 1998), the court held that the assignee of a party to a subordination agreement is entitled to the benefits and is subject to the burdens of the agreement. In Florida E. C. R. Co. v. Eno , 99 Fla. 887 (Fla. 1930), the court held that the mere assignment of all sums due in and of itself creates no different or other liability of the owner to the assignee than that which existed from the owner to the assignor.

And note that even though an assignment vests in the assignee all rights, remedies, and contingent benefits which are incidental to the thing assigned, those which are personal to the assignor and for his sole benefit are not assigned. Rasp v. Hidden Valley Lake, Inc ., 519 N.E.2d 153, 158 (Ind. Ct. App. 1988). Thus, if the underlying agreement provides that a service can only be provided to X, X cannot assign that right to Y.

Novation Compared to Assignment:

Although the difference between a novation and an assignment may appear narrow, it is an essential one. “Novation is a act whereby one party transfers all its obligations and benefits under a contract to a third party.” In a novation, a third party successfully substitutes the original party as a party to the contract. “When a contract is novated, the other contracting party must be left in the same position he was in prior to the novation being made.”

A sublease is the transfer when a tenant retains some right of reentry onto the leased premises. However, if the tenant transfers the entire leasehold estate, retaining no right of reentry or other reversionary interest, then the transfer is an assignment. The assignor is normally also removed from liability to the landlord only if the landlord consents or allowed that right in the lease. In a sublease, the original tenant is not released from the obligations of the original lease.

Equitable Assignments:

An equitable assignment is one in which one has a future interest and is not valid at law but valid in a court of equity. In National Bank of Republic v. United Sec. Life Ins. & Trust Co. , 17 App. D.C. 112 (D.C. Cir. 1900), the court held that to constitute an equitable assignment of a chose in action, the following has to occur generally: anything said written or done, in pursuance of an agreement and for valuable consideration, or in consideration of an antecedent debt, to place a chose in action or fund out of the control of the owner, and appropriate it to or in favor of another person, amounts to an equitable assignment. Thus, an agreement, between a debtor and a creditor, that the debt shall be paid out of a specific fund going to the debtor may operate as an equitable assignment.

In Egyptian Navigation Co. v. Baker Invs. Corp. , 2008 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 30804 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 14, 2008), the court stated that an equitable assignment occurs under English law when an assignor, with an intent to transfer his/her right to a chose in action, informs the assignee about the right so transferred.

An executory agreement or a declaration of trust are also equitable assignments if unenforceable as assignments by a court of law but enforceable by a court of equity exercising sound discretion according to the circumstances of the case. Since California combines courts of equity and courts of law, the same court would hear arguments as to whether an equitable assignment had occurred. Quite often, such relief is granted to avoid fraud or unjust enrichment.

Note that obtaining an assignment through fraudulent means invalidates the assignment. Fraud destroys the validity of everything into which it enters. It vitiates the most solemn contracts, documents, and even judgments. Walker v. Rich , 79 Cal. App. 139 (Cal. App. 1926). If an assignment is made with the fraudulent intent to delay, hinder, and defraud creditors, then it is void as fraudulent in fact. See our article on Transfers to Defraud Creditors .

But note that the motives that prompted an assignor to make the transfer will be considered as immaterial and will constitute no defense to an action by the assignee, if an assignment is considered as valid in all other respects.

Enforceability of Assignments:

Whether a right under a contract is capable of being transferred is determined by the law of the place where the contract was entered into. The validity and effect of an assignment is determined by the law of the place of assignment. The validity of an assignment of a contractual right is governed by the law of the state with the most significant relationship to the assignment and the parties.

In some jurisdictions, the traditional conflict of laws rules governing assignments has been rejected and the law of the place having the most significant contacts with the assignment applies. In Downs v. American Mut. Liability Ins. Co ., 14 N.Y.2d 266 (N.Y. 1964), a wife and her husband separated and the wife obtained a judgment of separation from the husband in New York. The judgment required the husband to pay a certain yearly sum to the wife. The husband assigned 50 percent of his future salary, wages, and earnings to the wife. The agreement authorized the employer to make such payments to the wife.

After the husband moved from New York, the wife learned that he was employed by an employer in Massachusetts. She sent the proper notice and demanded payment under the agreement. The employer refused and the wife brought an action for enforcement. The court observed that Massachusetts did not prohibit assignment of the husband’s wages. Moreover, Massachusetts law was not controlling because New York had the most significant relationship with the assignment. Therefore, the court ruled in favor of the wife.

Therefore, the validity of an assignment is determined by looking to the law of the forum with the most significant relationship to the assignment itself. To determine the applicable law of assignments, the court must look to the law of the state which is most significantly related to the principal issue before it.

Assignment of Contractual Rights:

Generally, the law allows the assignment of a contractual right unless the substitution of rights would materially change the duty of the obligor, materially increase the burden or risk imposed on the obligor by the contract, materially impair the chance of obtaining return performance, or materially reduce the value of the performance to the obligor. Restat 2d of Contracts, § 317(2)(a). This presumes that the underlying agreement is silent on the right to assign.

If the contract specifically precludes assignment, the contractual right is not assignable. Whether a contract is assignable is a matter of contractual intent and one must look to the language used by the parties to discern that intent.

In the absence of an express provision to the contrary, the rights and duties under a bilateral executory contract that does not involve personal skill, trust, or confidence may be assigned without the consent of the other party. But note that an assignment is invalid if it would materially alter the other party’s duties and responsibilities. Once an assignment is effective, the assignee stands in the shoes of the assignor and assumes all of assignor’s rights. Hence, after a valid assignment, the assignor’s right to performance is extinguished, transferred to assignee, and the assignee possesses the same rights, benefits, and remedies assignor once possessed. Robert Lamb Hart Planners & Architects v. Evergreen, Ltd. , 787 F. Supp. 753 (S.D. Ohio 1992).

On the other hand, an assignee’s right against the obligor is subject to “all of the limitations of the assignor’s right, all defenses thereto, and all set-offs and counterclaims which would have been available against the assignor had there been no assignment, provided that these defenses and set-offs are based on facts existing at the time of the assignment.” See Robert Lamb , case, above.

The power of the contract to restrict assignment is broad. Usually, contractual provisions that restrict assignment of the contract without the consent of the obligor are valid and enforceable, even when there is statutory authorization for the assignment. The restriction of the power to assign is often ineffective unless the restriction is expressly and precisely stated. Anti-assignment clauses are effective only if they contain clear, unambiguous language of prohibition. Anti-assignment clauses protect only the obligor and do not affect the transaction between the assignee and assignor.

Usually, a prohibition against the assignment of a contract does not prevent an assignment of the right to receive payments due, unless circumstances indicate the contrary. Moreover, the contracting parties cannot, by a mere non-assignment provision, prevent the effectual alienation of the right to money which becomes due under the contract.

A contract provision prohibiting or restricting an assignment may be waived, or a party may so act as to be estopped from objecting to the assignment, such as by effectively ratifying the assignment. The power to void an assignment made in violation of an anti-assignment clause may be waived either before or after the assignment. See our article on Contracts.

Noncompete Clauses and Assignments:

Of critical import to most buyers of businesses is the ability to ensure that key employees of the business being purchased cannot start a competing company. Some states strictly limit such clauses, some do allow them. California does restrict noncompete clauses, only allowing them under certain circumstances. A common question in those states that do allow them is whether such rights can be assigned to a new party, such as the buyer of the buyer.

A covenant not to compete, also called a non-competitive clause, is a formal agreement prohibiting one party from performing similar work or business within a designated area for a specified amount of time. This type of clause is generally included in contracts between employer and employee and contracts between buyer and seller of a business.

Many workers sign a covenant not to compete as part of the paperwork required for employment. It may be a separate document similar to a non-disclosure agreement, or buried within a number of other clauses in a contract. A covenant not to compete is generally legal and enforceable, although there are some exceptions and restrictions.

Whenever a company recruits skilled employees, it invests a significant amount of time and training. For example, it often takes years before a research chemist or a design engineer develops a workable knowledge of a company’s product line, including trade secrets and highly sensitive information. Once an employee gains this knowledge and experience, however, all sorts of things can happen. The employee could work for the company until retirement, accept a better offer from a competing company or start up his or her own business.

A covenant not to compete may cover a number of potential issues between employers and former employees. Many companies spend years developing a local base of customers or clients. It is important that this customer base not fall into the hands of local competitors. When an employee signs a covenant not to compete, he or she usually agrees not to use insider knowledge of the company’s customer base to disadvantage the company. The covenant not to compete often defines a broad geographical area considered off-limits to former employees, possibly tens or hundreds of miles.

Another area of concern covered by a covenant not to compete is a potential ‘brain drain’. Some high-level former employees may seek to recruit others from the same company to create new competition. Retention of employees, especially those with unique skills or proprietary knowledge, is vital for most companies, so a covenant not to compete may spell out definite restrictions on the hiring or recruiting of employees.

A covenant not to compete may also define a specific amount of time before a former employee can seek employment in a similar field. Many companies offer a substantial severance package to make sure former employees are financially solvent until the terms of the covenant not to compete have been met.

Because the use of a covenant not to compete can be controversial, a handful of states, including California, have largely banned this type of contractual language. The legal enforcement of these agreements falls on individual states, and many have sided with the employee during arbitration or litigation. A covenant not to compete must be reasonable and specific, with defined time periods and coverage areas. If the agreement gives the company too much power over former employees or is ambiguous, state courts may declare it to be overbroad and therefore unenforceable. In such case, the employee would be free to pursue any employment opportunity, including working for a direct competitor or starting up a new company of his or her own.

It has been held that an employee’s covenant not to compete is assignable where one business is transferred to another, that a merger does not constitute an assignment of a covenant not to compete, and that a covenant not to compete is enforceable by a successor to the employer where the assignment does not create an added burden of employment or other disadvantage to the employee. However, in some states such as Hawaii, it has also been held that a covenant not to compete is not assignable and under various statutes for various reasons that such covenants are not enforceable against an employee by a successor to the employer. Hawaii v. Gannett Pac. Corp. , 99 F. Supp. 2d 1241 (D. Haw. 1999)

It is vital to obtain the relevant law of the applicable state before drafting or attempting to enforce assignment rights in this particular area.

Conclusion:

In the current business world of fast changing structures, agreements, employees and projects, the ability to assign rights and obligations is essential to allow flexibility and adjustment to new situations. Conversely, the ability to hold a contracting party into the deal may be essential for the future of a party. Thus, the law of assignments and the restriction on same is a critical aspect of every agreement and every structure. This basic provision is often glanced at by the contracting parties, or scribbled into the deal at the last minute but can easily become the most vital part of the transaction.

As an example, one client of ours came into the office outraged that his co venturer on a sizable exporting agreement, who had excellent connections in Brazil, had elected to pursue another venture instead and assigned the agreement to a party unknown to our client and without the business contacts our client considered vital. When we examined the handwritten agreement our client had drafted in a restaurant in Sao Paolo, we discovered there was no restriction on assignment whatsoever…our client had not even considered that right when drafting the agreement after a full day of work.

One choses who one does business with carefully…to ensure that one’s choice remains the party on the other side of the contract, one must master the ability to negotiate proper assignment provisions.

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Classroom Q&A

With larry ferlazzo.

In this EdWeek blog, an experiment in knowledge-gathering, Ferlazzo will address readers’ questions on classroom management, ELL instruction, lesson planning, and other issues facing teachers. Send your questions to [email protected]. Read more from this blog.

How to Help Students With Their Writing. 4 Educators Share Their Secrets

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Teaching students to write is no easy feat, and it’s a topic that has often been discussed on this blog.

It’s also a challenge that can’t have too much discussion!

Today, four educators share their most effective writing lessons.

‘Three Practices That Create Confident Writers’

Penny Kittle teaches first-year writers at Plymouth State University in New Hampshire. She was a teacher and literacy coach in public schools for 34 years and is the author of nine books, including Micro Mentor Texts (Scholastic). She is the founder and president of the Book Love Foundation, which annually grants classroom libraries to teachers throughout North America:

I write almost every day. Like anything I want to do well, I practice. Today, I wrote about the wild dancing, joyful energy, and precious time I spent with my daughter at a Taylor Swift concert. Then I circled back to notes on Larry’s question about teaching writers. I wrote badly, trying to find a through line. I followed detours and crossed out bad ideas. I stopped to think. I tried again. I lost faith in my words. I will get there , I told myself. I trust my process.

I haven’t always written this easily or this much. I wouldn’t say I’m a “natural” writer because I don’t believe they exist. Writing is work. When I entered college, I received a C-minus on my first paper. I was stunned. I had never worked at writing: I was a “first drafter,” an “only drafter.” And truthfully, I didn’t know how or what to practice. I was assigned writing in high school and I completed it. I rarely received feedback. I didn’t get better. I didn’t learn to think like a writer; I thought like a student.

I’ve now spent 40 years studying writing and teaching writers in kindergarten, elementary school, middle school, and high school, as well as teachers earning graduate degrees. Despite their age, writers in school share one remarkably similar trait: a lack of confidence. Confidence is a brilliant and fiery light; it draws your eyes, your heart, and your mind. But in fact, it is as rare as the Northern Lights. I feel its absence every fall in my composition courses.

We can change that.

Confidence blooms in classrooms focused on the growth of writers.

This happens in classrooms where the teacher relies less on lessons and more on a handful of practices. Unfortunately, though, in most classrooms, a heap of time is spent directing students to practice “writing-like” activities: restrictive templates for assignments, with detailed criteria focused on rules. Those activities handcuff writers. If you tell me what to do and how to do it, I will focus on either completing the task or avoiding it. That kind of writing work doesn’t require much thinking; it is merely labor.

Practice creating, on the other hand, is harder, but it is how we develop the important ability to let our ideas come and then shaping them into cohesive arguments, stories, poems, and observations. We have misunderstood the power of writing to create thinking. Likewise, we have misunderstood the limitations of narrow tasks. So, here are my best instructional practices that lead to confidence and growth in writers.

1. Writing Notebooks and Daily Revision. Writers need time to write. Think of it as a habit we begin to engage in with little effort, like serving a tennis ball from the baseline or dribbling a basketball or sewing buttonholes. Writers need daily time to whirl words, to spin ideas, to follow images that blink inside them as they move their pen across the page. In my classroom, writing time most often follows engagement with a poem.

Likewise, writers need guidance in rereading their first drafts of messy thinking. I’ve seen teachers open their notebooks and invite students to watch them shape sentences. They demonstrate how small revisions increase clarity and rhythm. Their students watch them find a focus and maintain it. Teachers show the effort and the joy of writing well.

Here’s an example: We listen to a beautiful poem such as “Montauk” by Sarah Kay, her tribute to growing up. Students write freely from lines or images that spring to them as they listen. I write in my notebook as students write in theirs for 4-5 minutes. Then I read my entry aloud, circling subjects and detours ( I don’t know why I wrote so much about my dog, but maybe I have more to say about this … ). I model how to find a focus. I invite students to do the same.

2. Writers Study Writing . Writers imitate structures, approaches, and ways of reaching readers. They read like writers to find possibilities: Look what the writer did here and here . A template essay can be an effective tool to write for a test, but thankfully, that is a very small and insignificant part of the whole of writing for any of us. Real writing grows from studying the work of other writers. We study sentences, passages, essays, and articles to understand how they work, as we create our own.

3. Writers Have Conversations as They Work . When writers practice the skills and embrace the challenges of writing in community, it expands possibilities. Every line read from a notebook carries the mark of a particular writer: the passion, the voice, the experiences, and the vulnerability of each individual. That kind of sharing drives process talk ( How did you think to write about that? Who do you imagine you are speaking to? ), which showcases the endless variation in writers and leads to “writerly thinking.” It shifts conversations from “right and wrong” to “how and why.”

Long ago, at a local elementary school, in a workshop for teachers, I watched Don Graves list on the chalkboard subjects he was considering writing about. He read over his list and chose one. From there, he wrote several sentences, talking aloud about the decisions he was making as a writer. Then he turned to accept and answer questions.

“Why do this?” someone asked.

“Because you are the most important writer in the room,” Don said. “You are showing students why anyone would write when they don’t have to.” He paused, then added, “If not you, who?”

confidenceblooms

Developing ‘Student Voice’

A former independent school English teacher and administrator, Stephanie Farley is a writer and educational consultant working with teachers and schools on issues of curriculum, assessment, instruction, SEL, and building relationships. Her book, Joyful Learning: Tools to Infuse Your 6-12 Classroom with Meaning, Relevance, and Fun is available from Routledge Eye on Education:

Teaching writing is my favorite part of being a teacher. It’s incredibly fun to talk about books with kids, but for me, it’s even more fun to witness students’ skills and confidence grow as they figure out how to use written language to communicate what they mean.

A lesson I used to like doing was in “voice.” My 8th graders had a hard time understanding what I meant when I asked them to consider “voice” in their writing. The best illustration I came up with was playing Taylor Swift’s song “Blank Space” for students. Some students groaned while others clapped. (Doesn’t this always happen when we play music for students? There’s no song that makes everyone happy!) But when they settled down, I encouraged them to listen to the style: the arrangement, her voice as she sang, the dominant instruments.

Then, I played a cover of “Blank Space” by Ryan Adams. Eyes rolled as the song unfurled through the speakers, but again I reminded students to listen to the arrangement, voice, and instruments. After about 60 seconds of the Adams version, heads nodded in understanding. When the music ended and I asked students to explain voice to me, they said it’s “making something your own … like your own style.” Yes!

The next step was applying this new understanding to their own writing. Students selected a favorite sentence from the books they were reading, then tried to write it in their own voice. We did this a few times, until everyone had competently translated Kwame Alexander into “Rosa-style” or Kelly Link into “Michael-style.” Finally, when it was time for students to write their own longer works—stories, personal essays, or narratives—they intentionally used the words and sentence patterns they had identified as their own voice.

I’m happy to report this method worked! In fact, it was highly effective. Students’ papers were more idiosyncratic, nuanced, and creative. The only change to this lesson I’d make now is trying to find a more zeitgeist-y song with the hope that the groans at the beginning die down a little faster.

itsfun

Teaching ELLs

Irina McGrath, Ph.D., is an assistant principal at Newcomer Academy in the Jefferson County school district in Kentucky and the president of KYTESOL. She is also an adjunct professor at the University of Louisville, Indiana University Southeast, and Bellarmine University. She is a co-creator of the ELL2.0 site that offers free resources for teachers of English learners:

Reflecting on my experience of teaching writing to English learners, I have come to realize that writing can be daunting, especially when students are asked to write in English, a language they are learning to master. The most successful writing lessons I have taught were those that transformed the process into an enjoyable experience, fostering a sense of accomplishment and pride in my students.

To achieve this, I prioritized the establishment of a supportive learning environment. At the beginning of each school year, I set norms that emphasized the importance of writing for everyone, including myself as their teacher. I encouraged students to write in English and their native language and I wrote alongside my English learners to demonstrate that writing is a journey that requires hard work and dedication, regardless of age or previous writing experiences. By witnessing my own struggles, my students felt encouraged to persevere.

My English learners understood that errors were expected and that they were valuable opportunities for growth and improvement. This created a comfortable atmosphere where students felt more confident taking risks and experimenting with their writing. Rather than being discouraged by mistakes, they viewed them as steppingstones toward progress.

In my most effective writing lessons, I provided scaffolds such as sentence stems, sentence frames, and word banks. I also encouraged my students to use translation tools to help generate ideas on paper. These scaffolds empowered English learners to independently tackle more challenging writing assignments and nurtured their confidence in completing writing tasks. During writers’ circles, we discussed the hard work invested in each writing piece, shared our work, and celebrated each other’s success.

Furthermore, my most successful writing lessons integrated reading and writing. I taught my students to read like writers and utilized mentor texts to emulate the craft of established authors, which they could later apply to their own writing. Mentor texts, such as picture books, short stories, or articles, helped my students observe how professional writers use dialogue, sentence structure, and descriptive language to enhance their pieces.

Instead of overwhelming students with information, I broke down writing into meaningful segments and taught through mini lessons. For example, we analyzed the beginnings of various stories to examine story leads. Then, collaboratively, my students and I created several leads together. When they were ready, I encouraged them to craft their own leads and select the most appropriate one for their writing piece.

Ultimately, my most effective lessons were those in which I witnessed the joyful smiles on my English learners’ faces as they engaged with pages filled with written or typed words. It is during those moments that I knew my writers were creating and genuinely enjoying their work.

To access a self-checklist that students and EL teachers can use when teaching or creating a writing piece in English, you can visit the infographic at bit.ly/ABC_of_Writing .

iprovided

‘Model Texts’

Anastasia M. Martinez is an English-language-development and AVID Excel teacher in Pittsburg, Calif.:

As a second-language learner, writing in English had not always been my suit. It was not until graduate school that I immersed myself in a vast array of journals, articles, and other academic works, which ultimately helped me find my academic voice and develop my writing style. Now, working as an ESL teacher with a diverse group of middle school multilingual learners, I always provide a model text relevant to a topic or prompt we are exploring.

When students have a model text, it gives them a starting point for their own writing and presents writing as less scary, where they get stuck on the first sentence and do not know how to start.

At the start of the lesson, prior to using a model text, I create a “do now” activity that guides my students’ attention to the topic and creates a relevant context for the text. After students share their ideas with a partner and then the class, we transition to our lesson objectives, and I introduce the model text. We first use prereading strategies to analyze the text, and students share what they notice based on the title, images, and a number of paragraphs. Then, depending on the students’ proficiency level, I read the text to the class, or students read the text as partners, thinking about what the text was mostly about.

After students read and share their ideas with partners and then the whole class, we transition to deconstructing the text. These multiple reengagements with the text help students become more familiar with it, as well as help students build reading fluency.

When deconstructing the model text, I guide my students through each paragraph and sentence. During that time, students orally share their ideas determining the meaning of specific paragraphs or sentences, which we later annotate in the model text using different colored highlighters or pens. Color coding helps visually guide students through similar parts of the model text. For instance, if we highlight evidence in paragraph 2 in one color, we also highlight evidence in the same color in the following paragraph. It helps students see the similarities between the paragraphs and discover the skeleton of the writing. Additionally, color coding helps students during their writing process and revision. Students can check if they used all parts of the writing based on the colors.

Furthermore, one of the essential pieces during deconstructing model texts that I draw my students’ attention to is transition words and “big words,” or academic vocabulary. We usually box them in the text, and I question students about why the author used a particular word in the text. Later, when students do their own writing, they can integrate new vocabulary and transition words, which enhances their vocabulary and language skills.

As the next step, I invite students to co-create a similar piece of writing with a partner or independently using our model text as their guide. Later, our model text serves as a checklist for individual and partner revisions, which students could use to give each other feedback.

Model texts are an essential part of the writing process in any content-area class. As educators, we should embrace the importance of model texts, as they provide a solid foundation upon which students can develop their unique writing skills, tone, and voice.

modeltexts

Thanks to Penny, Stephanie, Irina, and Anastasia for contributing their thoughts!

Consider contributing a question to be answered in a future post. You can send one to me at [email protected] . When you send it in, let me know if I can use your real name if it’s selected or if you’d prefer remaining anonymous and have a pseudonym in mind.

You can also contact me on Twitter at @Larryferlazzo .

Just a reminder; you can subscribe and receive updates from this blog via email . And if you missed any of the highlights from the first 12 years of this blog, you can see a categorized list here .

The opinions expressed in Classroom Q&A With Larry Ferlazzo are strictly those of the author(s) and do not reflect the opinions or endorsement of Editorial Projects in Education, or any of its publications.

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100 Criminology Dissertation Topics To Get You Out Of A Rut

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Are you currently looking for   criminal law dissertation topics?   Then you have arrived at the right place. In this blog, you will get to see some new topics that will inspire you to come up with new ideas for your craniology dissertation. The topic of the dissertation is really important. It will either make you feel enthusiastic, or bored; if it’s exciting, it will spark the interest of the readers, it could open up new scopes for you, etc.

So, go through the list below and choose your favourite topic.

Masters And PhD. Criminology Dissertation Topics

Here, we will look at some of the  dissertation topics  on criminal law,  especially suited for the students pursuing masters or PhD degrees.

  • What are the key determinants of crime prevention in the UK? An analysis of safety agencies.
  • What is the relationship between gun ownership and breaking the law?
  • Is there a link between religious convictions and breaking the law?
  • Theory of cultural transmission: how criminal norms are passed along through social interaction.
  • A study of direct and indirect benefactors of crime prevention
  • Is the UK Court system discriminatory?
  • How can copyright protect researchers’ findings in the scientific field?
  • What are the quantitative research methodologies that provide numerical values to concepts in order to discover patterns of correlation in criminology?
  • An assessment of the behavioural genetic studies in criminology
  • An analysis of the criminal policies in the US and the UK
  • Is crime forecasting justifiable, or is it just another name for an enticement?
  • The main problems and hidden pitfalls of the prison system.
  • How does the media’s representation of minority groups affect criminal justice?
  • What are the trends and implications of criminology in the era of globalisation?
  • Training requirements and academic curriculum of criminologists in the UK.

Argumentative Criminology Dissertation Topics

An  argumentative topic  is bound to keep your professors on their toes. They will be interested to see where the paper leads them.

  • A qualitative review of how community structures and the architectural design of residential buildings help in preventing crimes
  • Does immigration play a key factor in the increased crime rate?
  • Do marriages act as deterrents to crime? An analysis of the present case studies.
  • Does forensic psychology really help in the study of criminology?
  • Does racist abuse towards International students contribute to the cause of violence and crime?
  • A review of the implications of the political backup of criminal activities
  • Parental supervision does help in reducing crime among teenagers. Justify.
  • Why more men receive capital punishment in comparison to women?
  • Does unemployment correspond with law violations?
  • Does street lighting reduce crime?
  • Is there a need for change in the education system when it comes to shaping character?
  • A qualitative review on ‘Whether crime alleviates poverty?’
  • Is there any mystery organisation that backs the rise of youth gangs?
  • Is the crime rate dependent on the neighbourhood children are raised in?
  • Can we ever have a crime-free society?

Controversial Criminology Dissertation Topics

Here, we will check out the criminal law dissertation topics in the UK, that are controversial.

  • A literature review of police personnel deployed in the crime hot spots of the UK
  • Synthesis of relevant literature on how gender is related to crime in the UK
  • The use of digital environments and biotechnology for crime management in the UK
  • Can medicine such as sedatives, anxiety pills, and depressants be dangerous?
  • An analysis of prison rape and violence. Case studies on steps taken to prevent it.
  • Debunking false ideas about crime and criminal justice.
  • Has information sharing technology helped in the fight against terrorism?
  • How can a person defend themselves from planted evidence?
  • Are the ‘three-strikes’ laws effective, and should they be continued?
  • The COVID-19 pandemic has led to more hate crimes.
  • Should the UK government take a look into the age limit for acquiring a national identity card?
  • Moral panics in the society: Is the media to be blamed?
  • Black Lives Matter campaign: Was it marred by violence?
  • Laws need to be reformed to address the issue of police brutality
  • Does music contribute to violence and crimes through its lyrics and videos?

Criminology Research And Measurement Topics

Here, we will take a look at some measurement topics in criminology that are accepted worldwide. Thus, these ideas can be considered as International criminal  law dissertation  topics.

  • Crime mapping as a technique for mapping, visualising, and analysing crime patterns.
  • Experimental and quasi-experimental research in the progress of criminological theory
  • Fieldwork in criminology: street ethnographers and their process and outcome difficulties in the field.
  • Program assessment is gathering and analysing data in order to determine the effectiveness of projects, policies, and programs
  • Exploratory research questions, inductive reasoning, and a social context orientation in recognition of human subjectivity in quantitative criminology.
  • Basic principles of structural equation modelling in criminology research
  • How to use interdisciplinary insights to enhance the conceptualisation and measurement of everyday insecurities.
  • Edge ethnography: Gathering data undercover in generally restricted study settings and groups through the establishment of rapport 
  • Balancing practical and scientific demands while evaluating research in criminology
  • The response rate test: Nonresponse bias and the future of criminology and criminal justice survey research
  • The Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN) and prediction on drug misuse trends.
  • CCA (citation content analysis) as a framework for extracting information from a number of sources.
  • A content analysis of research methodologies used to examine paradigmatic evolution in criminology and criminal justice.
  • Findings from a significant methodological study and the measurements of ‘fear of crime.’
  • The measurement of legitimacy involved in criminal cases

Criminology Topics On Types Of Crime

In this section, we will look at dissertation topics in criminal law based on their types.

  • What are the most common crimes on college campuses, and how can one prevent them?
  • Hacking, phishing, defamation, bullying, cyber fraud, and various types of cybercrimes
  • Ways of detecting and preventing domestic violence
  • Prevalence, detection ways and prevention, risk groups, and types of sex offences
  • What are the ways of disrupting transnational or national organisational crimes?
  • What are the methods of deception and risk groups involved in human trafficking?
  • Prevalence, types, risk groups, ways of preventing child abuse
  • Various types of environmental crimes: climate change, wildlife harming, corruption, etc.
  • Prevalence, types, risk groups, ways of preventing elder abuse
  • How prejudice leads to various types of hate crimes?
  • What are the risk groups, prevention policies, punishment involved in juvenile delinquency?
  • What are the risk groups, prevention policies, punishment involved in the robbery?
  • Types, prevention policies, prosecution, and punishment in white-collar crimes
  • What are the various types of property crimes?
  • What are the risk groups, prevention policies, prosecution involved in shoplifting?

25 Other Dissertation Topics On Crime

Here are some more topics that you can check out.

  • The effect of domestic violence on the mental state of women.
  • The history of capital punishment
  • What are some of the processes that criminals use to manipulate the authorities?
  • How to evaluate offenders’ tactics when they make statements on a crime?
  • Analysing criminality as a product of culture
  • How do life events affect the actions of that humans perform?
  • Research stages and methodologies in criminology.
  • Techniques for examining a crime scene.
  • Criminals with psychiatric disorders have psychopathic indications and personality features.
  • Juvenile offenders’ personality disorders. Personality deformations: types and causes.
  • A case study on war crimes and civil crimes
  • What are the NATO ethics in the Middle East?
  • Are community corrections effective?
  • What are the top issues that need to be addressed by law enforcement today?
  • When does felony disenfranchisement apply?
  • What services or help can a victim of a crime get?
  • A systematic review of criminology of place
  • An analysis of the crimes and victimization that occur as a result of the dating applications
  • Are two theories better than one (theoretical integration)?
  • How criminal justice affect public health?
  • How do professionals understand whether the gun firing was deliberate or an accident?
  • How is the jury selection performed?
  • Is substance abuse and crime a causation or corelation?
  • What is the place of ‘distributive justice’ in the criminal justice system?
  • Is the eyewitness testimony really helpful in an investigation?

Hopefully, you will find these topics to be useful.

Struggling With Criminology Dissertation Writing? Place An Order At MyAssignmenthelp.Com Today

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Mark

Hi, I am Mark, a Literature writer by profession. Fueled by a lifelong passion for Literature, story, and creative expression, I went on to get a PhD in creative writing. Over all these years, my passion has helped me manage a publication of my write ups in prominent websites and e-magazines. I have also been working part-time as a writing expert for myassignmenthelp.com for 5+ years now. It’s fun to guide students on academic write ups and bag those top grades like a pro. Apart from my professional life, I am a big-time foodie and travel enthusiast in my personal life. So, when I am not working, I am probably travelling places to try regional delicacies and sharing my experiences with people through my blog. 

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  8. PDF ASSIGNMENTS

    Typical university assignments will be anything between 1000 and 5000 words (usually around 500 words per 10% allocated, e.g. an assignment worth 40% of your total grade will usually require you to write 2000 words). An assignment question can be framed in countless ways, including: • Discussing a particular case; • Summarising a body of law;

  9. PDF Guide to Writing Style in Assignments

    Other types of legal writing include case notes and reports. These will generally be more descriptive in character, although a case note may have a critical or analytical aspect. Whatever type of writing you are doing, make sure that you organise the information and arguments in a logical way.

  10. How to Tackle Law Assignments

    Try to keep that time of day clear and free from distractions so you can do your work then. Work out how many different tasks you have to complete in any given week (classes to prepare for, assignments to write, etc) and make sure you divide your study time so that you can do each of the tasks. Attend lectures, seminars and tutorials, and do ...

  11. Law research and writing skills: Getting started

    Learn how to approach law assignments. Doing your research. Learn about legal research skills. Use the key law databases. Find relevant cases, legislation and commentary. Writing the assignment. Read our tutorials on writing case notes or writing legal essays. Make sure you cite and reference your sources correctly.

  12. Structure Of Law Essays and Reports

    A good structure for a law report would be as follows: Title Page: showing the title of the report, the author, the person for whom the report is prepared, and the date of completion. Summary/Synopsis/Executive Summary: (approx 10% of word count) - this will identify: The purpose of the report, The scope of the report - issues covered/not ...

  13. How to write assignments

    Writing an assignment takes time, more time than you may expect. Just because you find yourself spending many weeks on an assignment doesn't mean that you're approaching it in the wrong way. It also takes time to develop the skills to write well, so don't be discouraged if your early marks aren't what you'd hoped for.

  14. A Beginner's Guide to Write a Winning Law Assignment

    To help you with the writing process, here is an article that will list a few tips on writing a great law assignment. Follow them whenever you are working on an academic law task. 1. Select a topic-The first thing to do is select a topic to write, without which you cannot proceed to the next step. If you have a choice, pick a topic you are good ...

  15. How do I write a law case study assignment?

    In conclusion, writing a stellar law case study assignment involves a combination of legal expertise, effective communication, and strategic presentation. By following these guidelines, you'll not ...

  16. 10 Strategies For Writing Law Assignments Like A Pro

    Whether you're a student or a lawyer, here are 10 strategies to help you write like a pro: 1. Read, Take Notes, And Then Read Some More. The first step in writing a law assignment is to read the question carefully. In order to write an effective answer, you need to understand the question first. Read it over and over again, looking at each ...

  17. Law

    This resource provides tips and information on writing short law articles and law blog posts for university assignments. We acknowledge and pay respects to the Elders and Traditional Owners of the land on which our Australian campuses stand. Information for Indigenous Australians.

  18. Expert Tips: How to Write Flawless Law Assignments

    As writing a law assignment is complicated and requires extra concentration, you must plan the structure and flow of the content. Because starting the assignment without any proper pre-writing strategy is going to confuse you and affect your paper quality. So, spend a good amount of time in arranging your ideas and drafting an outline.

  19. 5-Steps Process of Writing Law Assignments by the Experts

    What Is a Law Assignment? A Brief Introduction. A law assignment is a project that helps students gain knowledge and improvise on their already existing skills. On the other hand, it enables a professor to evaluate the knowledge of the students on a particular topic. Thus, writing law assignments becomes necessary to get promoted.

  20. Referencing & Citations Guide For Law Essays

    Guide to Referencing and Citations for Law Essays. Accurate and consistent referencing is essential in all academic work. Whenever you refer to either the work or ideas of someone, or are influenced by another's work, you must acknowledge this. Similarly if you make a direct quotation from someone's work this should be referred to accurately.

  21. Assignments: The Basic Law

    Assignments: The Basic Law. The assignment of a right or obligation is a common contractual event under the law and the right to assign (or prohibition against assignments) is found in the majority of agreements, leases and business structural documents created in the United States. As with many terms commonly used, people are familiar with the ...

  22. HOW TO APPROACH A LAW ASSIGNMENT

    To avoid this, take breaks while writing your essay and reread your work so far, as well as the assignment question. The focus of your essay should become apparent as time goes on. Examine the task in light of past and prospective assignments you have been set. Consider what is novel about the task you intend to complete.

  23. Sample Assignment for Law Students

    🔴 Click on the link below to know about the Procedures to write the Assignment 👇🔗 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UiDBL8FWVLU&t=4s

  24. Instructions to write law assignment

    Many students confront the tight spot of incapability to draft squeaky United kingdom based Perfect MSC Law assignments, and now therefore, they come to the ...

  25. Best Medical Law Dissertation Topics for Students

    Q.2.How Do You Write A Good Medical Law Dissertation? Tips to write a good medical law dissertation: Choose a good topic; Create a proper plan; ... Writing Get your essay and assignment written from scratch by PhD expert . Rewriting: Paraphrase or rewrite your friend's essay with similar meaning at reduced cost.

  26. How to Help Students With Their Writing. 4 Educators Share Their

    Long ago, at a local elementary school, in a workshop for teachers, I watched Don Graves list on the chalkboard subjects he was considering writing about. He read over his list and chose one. From ...

  27. List of Criminal Law Dissertation Topics [100+ Dissertation Ideas]

    Fueled by a lifelong passion for Literature, story, and creative expression, I went on to get a PhD in creative writing. Over all these years, my passion has helped me manage a publication of my write ups in prominent websites and e-magazines. I have also been working part-time as a writing expert for myassignmenthelp.com for 5+ years now.