• Skip to main content
  • Select language
  • Skip to search
  • Assignment operators

An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right operand.

The basic assignment operator is equal ( = ), which assigns the value of its right operand to its left operand. That is, x = y assigns the value of y to x . The other assignment operators are usually shorthand for standard operations, as shown in the following definitions and examples.

Simple assignment operator which assigns a value to a variable. The assignment operation evaluates to the assigned value. Chaining the assignment operator is possible in order to assign a single value to multiple variables. See the example.

Addition assignment

The addition assignment operator adds the value of the right operand to a variable and assigns the result to the variable. The types of the two operands determine the behavior of the addition assignment operator. Addition or concatenation is possible. See the addition operator for more details.

Subtraction assignment

The subtraction assignment operator subtracts the value of the right operand from a variable and assigns the result to the variable. See the subtraction operator for more details.

Multiplication assignment

The multiplication assignment operator multiplies a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable. See the multiplication operator for more details.

Division assignment

The division assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable. See the division operator for more details.

Remainder assignment

The remainder assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the remainder to the variable. See the remainder operator for more details.

Exponentiation assignment

This is an experimental technology, part of the ECMAScript 2016 (ES7) proposal. Because this technology's specification has not stabilized, check the compatibility table for usage in various browsers. Also note that the syntax and behavior of an experimental technology is subject to change in future version of browsers as the spec changes.

The exponentiation assignment operator evaluates to the result of raising first operand to the power second operand. See the exponentiation operator for more details.

Left shift assignment

The left shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the left and assigns the result to the variable. See the left shift operator for more details.

Right shift assignment

The right shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable. See the right shift operator for more details.

Unsigned right shift assignment

The unsigned right shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable. See the unsigned right shift operator for more details.

Bitwise AND assignment

The bitwise AND assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise AND operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise AND operator for more details.

Bitwise XOR assignment

The bitwise XOR assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise XOR operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise XOR operator for more details.

Bitwise OR assignment

The bitwise OR assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise OR operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise OR operator for more details.

Left operand with another assignment operator

In unusual situations, the assignment operator (e.g. x += y ) is not identical to the meaning expression (here x = x + y ). When the left operand of an assignment operator itself contains an assignment operator, the left operand is evaluated only once. For example:

Specifications

Browser compatibility.

  • Arithmetic operators

Document Tags and Contributors

  • JavaScript basics
  • JavaScript first steps
  • JavaScript building blocks
  • Introducing JavaScript objects
  • Introduction
  • Grammar and types
  • Control flow and error handling
  • Loops and iteration
  • Expressions and operators
  • Numbers and dates
  • Text formatting
  • Regular expressions
  • Indexed collections
  • Keyed collections
  • Working with objects
  • Details of the object model
  • Iterators and generators
  • Meta programming
  • A re-introduction to JavaScript
  • JavaScript data structures
  • Equality comparisons and sameness
  • Inheritance and the prototype chain
  • Strict mode
  • JavaScript typed arrays
  • Memory Management
  • Concurrency model and Event Loop
  • References:
  • ArrayBuffer
  • AsyncFunction
  • Float32Array
  • Float64Array
  • GeneratorFunction
  • InternalError
  • Intl.Collator
  • Intl.DateTimeFormat
  • Intl.NumberFormat
  • ParallelArray
  • ReferenceError
  • SIMD.Bool16x8
  • SIMD.Bool32x4
  • SIMD.Bool64x2
  • SIMD.Bool8x16
  • SIMD.Float32x4
  • SIMD.Float64x2
  • SIMD.Int16x8
  • SIMD.Int32x4
  • SIMD.Int8x16
  • SIMD.Uint16x8
  • SIMD.Uint32x4
  • SIMD.Uint8x16
  • SharedArrayBuffer
  • StopIteration
  • SyntaxError
  • Uint16Array
  • Uint32Array
  • Uint8ClampedArray
  • WebAssembly
  • decodeURI()
  • decodeURIComponent()
  • encodeURI()
  • encodeURIComponent()
  • parseFloat()
  • Array comprehensions
  • Bitwise operators
  • Comma operator
  • Comparison operators
  • Conditional (ternary) Operator
  • Destructuring assignment
  • Expression closures
  • Generator comprehensions
  • Grouping operator
  • Legacy generator function expression
  • Logical Operators
  • Object initializer
  • Operator precedence
  • Property accessors
  • Spread syntax
  • async function expression
  • class expression
  • delete operator
  • function expression
  • function* expression
  • in operator
  • new operator
  • void operator
  • Legacy generator function
  • async function
  • for each...in
  • function declaration
  • try...catch
  • Arguments object
  • Arrow functions
  • Default parameters
  • Method definitions
  • Rest parameters
  • constructor
  • element loaded from a different domain for which you violated the same-origin policy.">Error: Permission denied to access property "x"
  • InternalError: too much recursion
  • RangeError: argument is not a valid code point
  • RangeError: invalid array length
  • RangeError: invalid date
  • RangeError: precision is out of range
  • RangeError: radix must be an integer
  • RangeError: repeat count must be less than infinity
  • RangeError: repeat count must be non-negative
  • ReferenceError: "x" is not defined
  • ReferenceError: assignment to undeclared variable "x"
  • ReferenceError: deprecated caller or arguments usage
  • ReferenceError: invalid assignment left-hand side
  • ReferenceError: reference to undefined property "x"
  • SyntaxError: "0"-prefixed octal literals and octal escape seq. are deprecated
  • SyntaxError: "use strict" not allowed in function with non-simple parameters
  • SyntaxError: "x" is a reserved identifier
  • SyntaxError: JSON.parse: bad parsing
  • SyntaxError: Malformed formal parameter
  • SyntaxError: Unexpected token
  • SyntaxError: Using //@ to indicate sourceURL pragmas is deprecated. Use //# instead
  • SyntaxError: a declaration in the head of a for-of loop can't have an initializer
  • SyntaxError: applying the 'delete' operator to an unqualified name is deprecated
  • SyntaxError: for-in loop head declarations may not have initializers
  • SyntaxError: function statement requires a name
  • SyntaxError: identifier starts immediately after numeric literal
  • SyntaxError: illegal character
  • SyntaxError: invalid regular expression flag "x"
  • SyntaxError: missing ) after argument list
  • SyntaxError: missing ) after condition
  • SyntaxError: missing : after property id
  • SyntaxError: missing ; before statement
  • SyntaxError: missing = in const declaration
  • SyntaxError: missing ] after element list
  • SyntaxError: missing formal parameter
  • SyntaxError: missing name after . operator
  • SyntaxError: missing variable name
  • SyntaxError: missing } after function body
  • SyntaxError: missing } after property list
  • SyntaxError: redeclaration of formal parameter "x"
  • SyntaxError: return not in function
  • SyntaxError: test for equality (==) mistyped as assignment (=)?
  • SyntaxError: unterminated string literal
  • TypeError: "x" has no properties
  • TypeError: "x" is (not) "y"
  • TypeError: "x" is not a constructor
  • TypeError: "x" is not a function
  • TypeError: "x" is not a non-null object
  • TypeError: "x" is read-only
  • TypeError: More arguments needed
  • TypeError: can't access dead object
  • TypeError: can't define property "x": "obj" is not extensible
  • TypeError: can't redefine non-configurable property "x"
  • TypeError: cyclic object value
  • TypeError: invalid 'in' operand "x"
  • TypeError: invalid Array.prototype.sort argument
  • TypeError: invalid arguments
  • TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"
  • TypeError: property "x" is non-configurable and can't be deleted
  • TypeError: setting getter-only property "x"
  • TypeError: variable "x" redeclares argument
  • URIError: malformed URI sequence
  • Warning: -file- is being assigned a //# sourceMappingURL, but already has one
  • Warning: 08/09 is not a legal ECMA-262 octal constant
  • Warning: Date.prototype.toLocaleFormat is deprecated
  • Warning: JavaScript 1.6's for-each-in loops are deprecated
  • Warning: String.x is deprecated; use String.prototype.x instead
  • Warning: expression closures are deprecated
  • Warning: unreachable code after return statement
  • JavaScript technologies overview
  • Lexical grammar
  • Enumerability and ownership of properties
  • Iteration protocols
  • Transitioning to strict mode
  • Template literals
  • Deprecated features
  • ECMAScript 2015 support in Mozilla
  • ECMAScript 5 support in Mozilla
  • ECMAScript Next support in Mozilla
  • Firefox JavaScript changelog
  • New in JavaScript 1.1
  • New in JavaScript 1.2
  • New in JavaScript 1.3
  • New in JavaScript 1.4
  • New in JavaScript 1.5
  • New in JavaScript 1.6
  • New in JavaScript 1.7
  • New in JavaScript 1.8
  • New in JavaScript 1.8.1
  • New in JavaScript 1.8.5
  • Documentation:
  • All pages index
  • Methods index
  • Properties index
  • Pages tagged "JavaScript"
  • JavaScript doc status
  • The MDN project

JS Tutorial

Js versions, js functions, js html dom, js browser bom, js web apis, js vs jquery, js graphics, js examples, js references, javascript operators.

The Addition Operator + adds numbers:

The Assignment Operator = assigns a value to a variable.

Operators

JavaScript Assignment

The Assignment Operator ( = ) assigns a value to a variable:

Assignment Examples

Javascript addition.

The Addition Operator ( + ) adds numbers:

JavaScript Multiplication

The Multiplication Operator ( * ) multiplies numbers:

Multiplying

Types of javascript operators.

There are different types of JavaScript operators:

  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Assignment Operators
  • Comparison Operators
  • String Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Bitwise Operators
  • Ternary Operators
  • Type Operators

JavaScript Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic Operators are used to perform arithmetic on numbers:

Arithmetic Operators Example

Arithmetic operators are fully described in the JS Arithmetic chapter.

Advertisement

JavaScript Assignment Operators

Assignment operators assign values to JavaScript variables.

The Addition Assignment Operator ( += ) adds a value to a variable.

Assignment operators are fully described in the JS Assignment chapter.

JavaScript Comparison Operators

Comparison operators are fully described in the JS Comparisons chapter.

JavaScript String Comparison

All the comparison operators above can also be used on strings:

Note that strings are compared alphabetically:

JavaScript String Addition

The + can also be used to add (concatenate) strings:

The += assignment operator can also be used to add (concatenate) strings:

The result of text1 will be:

When used on strings, the + operator is called the concatenation operator.

Adding Strings and Numbers

Adding two numbers, will return the sum, but adding a number and a string will return a string:

The result of x , y , and z will be:

If you add a number and a string, the result will be a string!

JavaScript Logical Operators

Logical operators are fully described in the JS Comparisons chapter.

JavaScript Type Operators

Type operators are fully described in the JS Type Conversion chapter.

JavaScript Bitwise Operators

Bit operators work on 32 bits numbers.

The examples above uses 4 bits unsigned examples. But JavaScript uses 32-bit signed numbers. Because of this, in JavaScript, ~ 5 will not return 10. It will return -6. ~00000000000000000000000000000101 will return 11111111111111111111111111111010

Bitwise operators are fully described in the JS Bitwise chapter.

Test Yourself With Exercises

Multiply 10 with 5 , and alert the result.

Start the Exercise

Test Yourself with Exercises!

Exercise 1 »   Exercise 2 »   Exercise 3 »   Exercise 4 »   Exercise 5 »

Get Certified

COLOR PICKER

colorpicker

Report Error

If you want to report an error, or if you want to make a suggestion, do not hesitate to send us an e-mail:

[email protected]

Top Tutorials

Top references, top examples, get certified.

Popular Tutorials

Popular examples, reference materials, learn python interactively, js introduction.

  • Getting Started
  • JS Variables & Constants
  • JS console.log
  • JavaScript Data types

JavaScript Operators

  • JavaScript Comments
  • JS Type Conversions

JS Control Flow

  • JS Comparison Operators
  • JavaScript if else Statement
  • JavaScript for loop
  • JavaScript while loop
  • JavaScript break Statement
  • JavaScript continue Statement
  • JavaScript switch Statement

JS Functions

  • JavaScript Function
  • Variable Scope
  • JavaScript Hoisting
  • JavaScript Recursion
  • JavaScript Objects
  • JavaScript Methods & this
  • JavaScript Constructor
  • JavaScript Getter and Setter
  • JavaScript Prototype
  • JavaScript Array
  • JS Multidimensional Array
  • JavaScript String
  • JavaScript for...in loop
  • JavaScript Number
  • JavaScript Symbol

Exceptions and Modules

  • JavaScript try...catch...finally
  • JavaScript throw Statement
  • JavaScript Modules
  • JavaScript ES6
  • JavaScript Arrow Function
  • JavaScript Default Parameters
  • JavaScript Template Literals
  • JavaScript Spread Operator
  • JavaScript Map
  • JavaScript Set
  • Destructuring Assignment
  • JavaScript Classes
  • JavaScript Inheritance
  • JavaScript for...of
  • JavaScript Proxies

JavaScript Asynchronous

  • JavaScript setTimeout()
  • JavaScript CallBack Function
  • JavaScript Promise
  • Javascript async/await
  • JavaScript setInterval()

Miscellaneous

  • JavaScript JSON
  • JavaScript Date and Time
  • JavaScript Closure
  • JavaScript this
  • JavaScript use strict
  • Iterators and Iterables
  • JavaScript Generators
  • JavaScript Regular Expressions
  • JavaScript Browser Debugging
  • Uses of JavaScript

JavaScript Tutorials

JavaScript Comparison and Logical Operators

JavaScript Booleans

JavaScript Bitwise Operators

JavaScript Ternary Operator

  • JavaScript if...else Statement
  • JavaScript typeof Operator
  • What is an Operator?

In JavaScript, an operator is a special symbol used to perform operations on operands (values and variables ). For example,

Here + is an operator that performs addition, and 2 and 3 are operands.

  • JavaScript Operator Types

Here is a list of different operators you will learn in this tutorial.

  • Assignment Operators
  • Arithmetic Operators
  • Comparison Operators
  • Logical Operators
  • Bitwise Operators
  • String Operators
  • Other Operators
  • JavaScript Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. For example,

Here, the = operator is used to assign value 5 to variable x .

Here's a list of commonly used assignment operators:

Note: The commonly used assignment operator is = . You will understand other assignment operators such as += , -= , *= etc. once we learn arithmetic operators.

  • JavaScript Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic calculations . For example,

Here, the + operator is used to add two operands.

Example 1: Arithmetic operators in JavaScript

Visit ++ and -- operator to learn more.

Note : The ** operator was introduced in ECMAScript 2016 and some browsers may not support them. To learn more, visit JavaScript exponentiation browser support .

  • JavaScript Comparison Operators

Comparison operators compare two values and return a boolean value, either true or false . For example,

Here, the comparison operator > is used to compare whether a is greater than b .

Example 2: Comparison operators in JavaScript

Comparison operators are used in decision-making and loops.

Note: To learn more about comparison operators, visit JavaScript Comparison and Logical Operators

  • JavaScript Logical Operators

Logical operators perform logical operations and return a boolean value, either true or false . For example,

Here, && is the logical operator AND . Since both x < 6 and y < 5 are true , the result is true .

Example 3: Logical Operators in JavaScript

Logical operators are used in decision making and loops. You will learn about the use of logical operators in detail in later tutorials.

Bitwise operators perform operations on binary representations of numbers.

Bitwise operators are rarely used in everyday programming. If you are interested, visit JavaScript Bitwise Operators to learn more.

  • JavaScript String Operators

In JavaScript, you can also use the + operator to concatenate (join) two or more strings .

Example 4: String operators in JavaScript

Note: When + is used with strings, it performs concatenation. However, when + is used with numbers, it performs addition.

  • Other JavaScript Operators

Here's a list of other operators available in JavaScript. You will learn about these operators in later tutorials.

  • JavaScript typeof

Table of Contents

Video: javascript operators.

Sorry about that.

Related Tutorials

JavaScript Tutorial

TutorialsTonight Logo

JAVASCRIPT ASSIGNMENT OPERATORS

In this tutorial, you will learn about all the different assignment operators in javascript and how to use them in javascript.

Assignment Operators

In javascript, there are 16 different assignment operators that are used to assign value to the variable. It is shorthand of other operators which is recommended to use.

The assignment operators are used to assign value based on the right operand to its left operand.

The left operand must be a variable while the right operand may be a variable, number, boolean, string, expression, object, or combination of any other.

One of the most basic assignment operators is equal = , which is used to directly assign a value.

javascript assignment operator

Assignment Operators List

Here is the list of all assignment operators in JavaScript:

In the following table if variable a is not defined then assume it to be 10.

Assignment operator

The assignment operator = is the simplest value assigning operator which assigns a given value to a variable.

The assignment operators support chaining, which means you can assign a single value in multiple variables in a single line.

Addition assignment operator

The addition assignment operator += is used to add the value of the right operand to the value of the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

On the basis of the data type of variable, the addition assignment operator may add or concatenate the variables.

Subtraction assignment operator

The subtraction assignment operator -= subtracts the value of the right operand from the value of the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

If the value can not be subtracted then it results in a NaN .

Multiplication assignment operator

The multiplication assignment operator *= assigns the result to the left operand after multiplying values of the left and right operand.

Division assignment operator

The division assignment operator /= divides the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

Remainder assignment operator

The remainder assignment operator %= assigns the remainder to the left operand after dividing the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Exponentiation assignment operator

The exponential assignment operator **= assigns the result of exponentiation to the left operand after exponentiating the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Left shift assignment

The left shift assignment operator <<= assigns the result of the left shift to the left operand after shifting the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Right shift assignment

The right shift assignment operator >>= assigns the result of the right shift to the left operand after shifting the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Unsigned right shift assignment

The unsigned right shift assignment operator >>>= assigns the result of the unsigned right shift to the left operand after shifting the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Bitwise AND assignment

The bitwise AND assignment operator &= assigns the result of bitwise AND to the left operand after ANDing the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Bitwise OR assignment

The bitwise OR assignment operator |= assigns the result of bitwise OR to the left operand after ORing the value of left operand by the value of the right operand.

Bitwise XOR assignment

The bitwise XOR assignment operator ^= assigns the result of bitwise XOR to the left operand after XORing the value of the left operand by the value of the right operand.

Logical AND assignment

The logical AND assignment operator &&= assigns value to left operand only when it is truthy .

Note : A truthy value is a value that is considered true when encountered in a boolean context.

Logical OR assignment

The logical OR assignment operator ||= assigns value to left operand only when it is falsy .

Note : A falsy value is a value that is considered false when encountered in a boolean context.

Logical nullish assignment

The logical nullish assignment operator ??= assigns value to left operand only when it is nullish ( null or undefined ).

Home » JavaScript Tutorial » JavaScript Logical Assignment Operators

JavaScript Logical Assignment Operators

Summary : in this tutorial, you’ll learn about JavaScript logical assignment operators, including the logical OR assignment operator ( ||= ), the logical AND assignment operator ( &&= ), and the nullish assignment operator ( ??= ).

ES2021 introduces three logical assignment operators including:

  • Logical OR assignment operator ( ||= )
  • Logical AND assignment operator ( &&= )
  • Nullish coalescing assignment operator ( ??= )

The following table shows the equivalent of the logical assignments operator:

The Logical OR assignment operator

The logical OR assignment operator ( ||= ) accepts two operands and assigns the right operand to the left operand if the left operand is falsy:

In this syntax, the ||= operator only assigns y to x if x is falsy. For example:

In this example, the title variable is undefined , therefore, it’s falsy. Since the title is falsy, the operator ||= assigns the 'untitled' to the title . The output shows the untitled as expected.

See another example:

In this example, the title is 'JavaScript Awesome' so it is truthy. Therefore, the logical OR assignment operator ( ||= ) doesn’t assign the string 'untitled' to the title variable.

The logical OR assignment operator:

is equivalent to the following statement that uses the logical OR operator :

Like the logical OR operator, the logical OR assignment also short-circuits. It means that the logical OR assignment operator only performs an assignment when the x is falsy.

The following example uses the logical assignment operator to display a default message if the search result element is empty:

The Logical AND assignment operator

The logical AND assignment operator only assigns y to x if x is truthy:

The logical AND assignment operator also short-circuits. It means that

is equivalent to:

The following example uses the logical AND assignment operator to change the last name of a person object if the last name is truthy:

The nullish coalescing assignment operator

The nullish coalescing assignment operator only assigns y to x if x is null or undefined :

It’s equivalent to the following statement that uses the nullish coalescing operator :

The following example uses the nullish coalescing assignment operator to add a missing property to an object:

In this example, the user.nickname is undefined , therefore, it’s nullish. The nullish coalescing assignment operator assigns the string 'anonymous' to the user.nickname property.

The following table illustrates how the logical assignment operators work:

  • The logical OR assignment ( x ||= y ) operator only assigns y to x if x is falsy.
  • The logical AND assignment ( x &&= y ) operator only assigns y to x if x is truthy.
  • The nullish coalescing assignment ( x ??= y ) operator only assigns y to x if x is nullish.

Javascript Tutorial

  • Javascript Basics Tutorial
  • Javascript - Home
  • JavaScript - Overview
  • JavaScript - Features
  • JavaScript - Enabling
  • JavaScript - Placement
  • JavaScript - Syntax
  • JavaScript - Hello World
  • JavaScript - Console.log()
  • JavaScript - Comments
  • JavaScript - Variables
  • JavaScript - let Statement
  • JavaScript - Constants
  • JavaScript - Data Types
  • JavaScript - Type Conversions
  • JavaScript - Strict Mode
  • JavaScript - Reserved Keywords
  • JavaScript Operators
  • JavaScript - Operators
  • JavaScript - Arithmetic Operators
  • JavaScript - Comparison Operators
  • JavaScript - Logical Operators
  • JavaScript - Bitwise Operators

JavaScript - Assignment Operators

  • JavaScript - Conditional Operators
  • JavaScript - typeof Operator
  • JavaScript - Nullish Coalescing Operator
  • JavaScript - Delete Operator
  • JavaScript - Comma Operator
  • JavaScript - Grouping Operator
  • JavaScript - Yield Operator
  • JavaScript - Spread Operator
  • JavaScript - Exponentiation Operator
  • JavaScript - Operator Precedence
  • JavaScript Control Flow
  • JavaScript - If...Else
  • JavaScript - While Loop
  • JavaScript - For Loop
  • JavaScript - For...in
  • Javascript - For...of
  • JavaScript - Loop Control
  • JavaScript - Break Statement
  • JavaScript - Continue Statement
  • JavaScript - Switch Case
  • JavaScript - User Defined Iterators
  • JavaScript Functions
  • JavaScript - Functions
  • JavaScript - Function Expressions
  • JavaScript - Function Parameters
  • JavaScript - Default Parameters
  • JavaScript - Function() Constructor
  • JavaScript - Function Hoisting
  • JavaScript - Self-Invoking Functions
  • JavaScript - Arrow Functions
  • JavaScript - Function Invocation
  • JavaScript - Function call()
  • JavaScript - Function apply()
  • JavaScript - Function bind()
  • JavaScript - Closures
  • JavaScript - Variable Scope
  • JavaScript - Global Variables
  • JavaScript - Smart Function Parameters
  • JavaScript Objects
  • JavaScript - Number
  • JavaScript - Boolean
  • JavaScript - Strings
  • JavaScript - Arrays
  • JavaScript - Date
  • JavaScript - Math
  • JavaScript - RegExp
  • JavaScript - Symbol
  • JavaScript - Sets
  • JavaScript - WeakSet
  • JavaScript - Maps
  • JavaScript - WeakMap
  • JavaScript - Iterables
  • JavaScript - Reflect
  • JavaScript - TypedArray
  • JavaScript - Template Literals
  • JavaScript - Tagged Templates
  • Object Oriented JavaScript
  • JavaScript - Objects
  • JavaScript - Classes
  • JavaScript - Object Properties
  • JavaScript - Object Methods
  • JavaScript - Static Methods
  • JavaScript - Display Objects
  • JavaScript - Object Accessors
  • JavaScript - Object Constructors
  • JavaScript - Native Prototypes
  • JavaScript - ES5 Object Methods
  • JavaScript - Encapsulation
  • JavaScript - Inheritance
  • JavaScript - Abstraction
  • JavaScript - Polymorphism
  • JavaScript - Destructuring Assignment
  • JavaScript - Object Destructuring
  • JavaScript - Array Destructuring
  • JavaScript - Nested Destructuring
  • JavaScript - Optional Chaining
  • JavaScript - Garbage Collection
  • JavaScript - Global Object
  • JavaScript - Mixins
  • JavaScript - Proxies
  • JavaScript Versions
  • JavaScript - History
  • JavaScript - Versions
  • JavaScript - ES5
  • JavaScript - ES6
  • ECMAScript 2016
  • ECMAScript 2017
  • ECMAScript 2018
  • ECMAScript 2019
  • ECMAScript 2020
  • ECMAScript 2021
  • ECMAScript 2022
  • ECMAScript 2023
  • JavaScript Cookies
  • JavaScript - Cookies
  • JavaScript - Cookie Attributes
  • JavaScript - Deleting Cookies
  • JavaScript Browser BOM
  • JavaScript - Browser Object Model
  • JavaScript - Window Object
  • JavaScript - Document Object
  • JavaScript - Screen Object
  • JavaScript - History Object
  • JavaScript - Navigator Object
  • JavaScript - Location Object
  • JavaScript - Console Object
  • JavaScript Web APIs
  • JavaScript - Web API
  • JavaScript - History API
  • JavaScript - Storage API
  • JavaScript - Forms API
  • JavaScript - Worker API
  • JavaScript - Fetch API
  • JavaScript - Geolocation API
  • JavaScript Events
  • JavaScript - Events
  • JavaScript - DOM Events
  • JavaScript - addEventListener()
  • JavaScript - Mouse Events
  • JavaScript - Keyboard Events
  • JavaScript - Form Events
  • JavaScript - Window/Document Events
  • JavaScript - Event Delegation
  • JavaScript - Event Bubbling
  • JavaScript - Event Capturing
  • JavaScript - Custom Events
  • JavaScript Error Handling
  • JavaScript - Error Handling
  • JavaScript - try...catch
  • JavaScript - Debugging
  • JavaScript - Custom Errors
  • JavaScript - Extending Errors
  • JavaScript Important Keywords
  • JavaScript - this Keyword
  • JavaScript - void Keyword
  • JavaScript - new Keyword
  • JavaScript - var Keyword
  • JavaScript HTML DOM
  • JavaScript - HTML DOM
  • JavaScript - DOM Methods
  • JavaScript - DOM Document
  • JavaScript - DOM Elements
  • JavaScript - DOM Forms
  • JavaScript - Changing HTML
  • JavaScript - Changing CSS
  • JavaScript - DOM Animation
  • JavaScript - DOM Navigation
  • JavaScript - DOM Collections
  • JavaScript - DOM Node Lists
  • JavaScript Miscellaneous
  • JavaScript - Ajax
  • JavaScript - Generators
  • JavaScript - Async Iteration
  • JavaScript - Atomics Objects
  • JavaScript - Rest Parameter
  • JavaScript - Page Redirect
  • JavaScript - Dialog Boxes
  • JavaScript - Page Printing
  • JavaScript - Validations
  • JavaScript - Animation
  • JavaScript - Multimedia
  • JavaScript - Image Map
  • JavaScript - Browsers
  • JavaScript - JSON
  • JavaScript - Multiline Strings
  • JavaScript - Date Formats
  • JavaScript - Get Date Methods
  • JavaScript - Set Date Methods
  • JavaScript - Random Number
  • JavaScript - Modules
  • JavaScript - Dynamic Imports
  • JavaScript - Export and Import
  • JavaScript - BigInt
  • JavaScript - Blob
  • JavaScript - Unicode
  • JavaScript - Execution Context
  • JavaScript - Shallow Copy
  • JavaScript - Call Stack
  • JavaScript - Design Patterns
  • JavaScript - Reference Type
  • JavaScript - LocalStorage
  • JavaScript - SessionStorage
  • JavaScript - IndexedDB
  • JavaScript - Clickjacking Attack
  • JavaScript - Currying
  • JavaScript - Graphics
  • JavaScript - Canvas
  • JavaScript - Debouncing
  • JavaScript - Common Mistakes
  • JavaScript - Performance
  • JavaScript - Best Practices
  • JavaScript - Style Guide
  • JavaScript - Ninja Code
  • JavaScript Useful Resources
  • JavaScript - Questions And Answers
  • JavaScript - Quick Guide
  • JavaScript - Resources
  • Selected Reading
  • UPSC IAS Exams Notes
  • Developer's Best Practices
  • Questions and Answers
  • Effective Resume Writing
  • HR Interview Questions
  • Computer Glossary

JavaScript Assignment Operators

The assignment operators in JavaScript are used to assign values to the variables. These are binary operators. An assignment operator takes two operands , assigns a value to the left operand based on the value of right operand. The left operand is always a variable and the right operand may be literal, variable or expression.

An assignment operator first evaluates the expression and then assign the value to the variable (left operand).

A simple assignment operator is equal (=) operator. In the JavaScript statement "let x = 10;", the = operator assigns 10 to the variable x.

We can combine a simple assignment operator with other type of operators such as arithmetic, logical, etc. to get compound assignment operators. Some arithmetic assignment operators are +=, -=, *=, /=, etc. The += operator performs addition operation on the operands and assign the result to the left hand operand.

Arithmetic Assignment Operators

In this section, we will cover simple assignment and arithmetic assignment operators. An arithmetic assignment operator performs arithmetic operation and assign the result to a variable. Following is the list of operators with example −

Simple Assignment (=) Operator

Below is an example of assignment chaining −

Addition Assignment (+=) Operator

The JavaScript addition assignment operator performs addition on the two operands and assigns the result to the left operand. Here addition may be numeric addition or string concatenation.

In the above statement, it adds values of b and x and assigns the result to x.

Example: Numeric Addition Assignment

Example: string concatenation assignment, subtraction assignment (-=) operator.

The subtraction assignment operator in JavaScript subtracts the value of right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to left operand (variable).

In the above statement, it subtracts b from x and assigns the result to x.

Multiplication Assignment (*=) Operator

The multiplication assignment operator in JavaScript multiplies the both operands and assign the result to the left operand.

In the above statement, it multiplies x and b and assigns the result to x.

Division Assignment (/=) Operator

This operator divides left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to left operand.

In the above statement, it divides x by b and assigns the result (quotient) to x.

Remainder Assignment (%=) Operator

The JavaScript remainder assignment operator performs the remainder operation on the operands and assigns the result to left operand.

In the above statement, it divides x by b and assigns the result (remainder) to x.

Exponentiation Assignment (**=) Operator

This operator performs exponentiation operation on the operands and assigns the result to left operand.

In the above statement, it computes x**b and assigns the result to x.

JavaScript Bitwise Assignment operators

A bitwise assignment operator performs bitwise operation on the operands and assign the result to a variable. These operations perform two operations, first a bitwise operation and second the simple assignment operation. Bitwise operation is done on bit-level. A bitwise operator treats both operands as 32-bit signed integers and perform the operation on corresponding bits of the operands. The simple assignment operator assigns result is to the variable (left operand).

Following is the list of operators with example −

Bitwise AND Assignment Operator

The JavaScript bitwise AND assignment (&=) operator performs bitwise AND operation on the operands and assigns the result to the left operand (variable).

In the above statement, it performs bitwise AND on x and b and assigns the result to the variable x.

Bitwise OR Assignment Operator

The JavaScript bitwise OR assignment (|=) operator performs bitwise OR operation on the operands and assigns the result to the left operand (variable).

In the above statement, it performs bitwise OR on x and b and assigns the result to the variable x.

Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator

The JavaScript bitwise XOR assignment (^=) operator performs bitwise XOR operation on the operands and assigns the result to the left operand (variable).

In the above statement, it performs bitwise XOR on x and b and assigns the result to the variable x.

JavaScript Shift Assignment Operators

A shift assignment operator performs bitwise shift operation on the operands and assign the result to a variable (left operand). These are a combinations two operators, the first bitwise shift operator and second the simple assignment operator.

Following is the list of the shift assignment operators with example −

Left Shift Assignment Operator

The JavaScript left shift assignment (<<=) operator performs left shift operation on the operands and assigns the result to the left operand (variable).

In the above statement, it performs left shift on x and b and assigns the result to the variable x.

Right Shift Assignment Operator

The JavaScript right shift assignment (>>=) operator performs right shift operation on the operands and assigns the result to the left operand (variable).

In the above statement, it performs right shift on x and b and assigns the result to the variable x.

Unsigned Right Shift Assignment Operator

The JavaScript unsigned right shift assignment (>>>=) operator performs unsigned right shift operation on the operands and assigns the result to the left operand (variable).

In the above statement, it performs unsigned right shift on x and b and assigns the result to the variable x.

JavaScript Logical Assignment operators

In JavaScript, a logical assignment operator performs a logical operation on the operands and assign the result to a variable (left operand). Each logical assignment operator is a combinations two operators, the first logical operator and second the simple assignment operator.

Following is the list of the logical assignment operators with example −

How to declare the optional function parameters in JavaScript?

JavaScript is a versatile language that offers various methods to enhance the flexibility and adaptability of your code, especially when dealing with function parameters. Optional parameters in functions make your functions more flexible and easier to work with, allowing you to specify arguments that may or may not be passed when the function is called. In this article, we will delve into how you can declare optional function parameters in JavaScript, making your journey into web development smoother and more efficient.

Understanding Optional Parameters

Optional parameters allow functions to be called with fewer arguments than defined in the function’s declaration. This feature can significantly simplify your code, making it more readable and maintainable. Let’s explore the various methods to achieve this in JavaScript.

Using Default Parameter Values

One of the most straightforward methods to declare optional parameters is assigning default values directly in the function signature. This feature was introduced in ES6 (ECMAScript 2015) and provides a clean and concise way to handle undefined parameters.

This method ensures that if the username parameter isn’t provided, it defaults to 'New User' .

Leveraging the Logical OR Operator (||)

Before ES6, a typical pattern to assign default values to parameters involved using the logical OR operator within the function body.

This technique checks if username is truthy; if not, it defaults to 'New User' . However, this approach can lead to unintended results with falsy values like 0 , null , or '' (empty string).

Using the arguments.length Property

Another way to handle optional parameters is by checking the arguments.length property, which returns the number of arguments passed to the function.

This method is more verbose and less preferred compared to default parameters.

Destructured Parameter with Default Value Assignment

With ES6, you can also use destructuring assignment in function parameters to specify default values, offering a more powerful and flexible way to deal with optional parameters, especially when dealing with objects.

This approach is beneficial when your function needs to accept multiple parameters encapsulated within an object.

Passing undefined vs. Other Falsy Values

It’s important to note that passing undefined to a function with default parameters will trigger the default value, whereas other falsy values ( null , 0 , false , NaN , '' ) will not. This distinction is crucial for understanding how default values work compared to other methods like the logical OR operator.

Antipatterns in Declaring Optional Parameters

Overusing arguments object without default parameters.

Before ES6 introduced default parameter values, a common approach was to rely heavily on the arguments object to manually check for and assign default values to parameters. This method can lead to verbose and hard-to-read code.

Why to avoid : This approach clutters the function with manual checks and makes it difficult to immediately understand the function’s parameters and their default values.

Misusing the Logical OR Operator for All Types of Default Values

Using the logical OR operator ( || ) to set default values works well for strings and numbers but can lead to unexpected results with boolean parameters or other falsy values that are valid inputs.

Why to avoid : This misuse fails to distinguish between a false value passed intentionally and the absence of a value, leading to incorrect assignment and potentially buggy behavior.

Not Using Default Parameters for ES6 and Beyond

Ignoring the default parameter syntax available in ES6 and continuing to use older patterns for default values is a missed opportunity for cleaner, more readable code.

Why to avoid : This not only makes the code more verbose than necessary but also overlooks the improved readability and functionality provided by ES6 features.

Relying on Undefined to Trigger Default Parameters

Explicitly passing undefined to trigger a default parameter can be confusing and lead to code that’s harder to understand, especially for those new to JavaScript.

Why to avoid : While technically correct, it’s clearer and more intuitive to omit the argument altogether if you wish to use the default value.

Final Thoughts

Declaring optional parameters in JavaScript functions enhances their flexibility and usability. Whether you’re using ES6 features like default parameter values and destructuring assignments or older patterns like the logical OR operator and the arguments.length property, understanding these techniques is vital for writing effective and efficient JavaScript code.

By mastering optional parameters, you’ll be able to create more versatile and robust functions, improving the overall quality of your web applications. Remember, the choice of method depends on your specific needs and the JavaScript version you’re working with, so choose the one that best fits your scenario.

Happy coding!

How to Merge Objects in JavaScript

How to round a number to two decimal places in javascript, how to check if a string is a number in javascript, how to check if an array is empty in javascript, mastering javascript list comprehension: the ultimate guide.

Please view the main text area of the page by skipping the main menu.

The page may not be displayed properly if the JavaScript is deactivated on your browser.

  • Entertainment

Japan ministry urges Line app operator to bolster data protection

March 5, 2024 (Mainichi Japan)

javascript assignment or operator

TOKYO (Kyodo) -- Japan's communications ministry on Tuesday urged LY Corp., the operator of the Line messaging app, to strengthen the protection of users' personal data following a massive data breach.

The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications said the app provider relies heavily on Naver Corp. of South Korea, a major shareholder of LY, to operate the app system and lacked appropriate countermeasures against cyberattacks.

The ministry called on the Japanese company to improve its operations through a review of its capital relationship with Naver as it is under "considerable influence" from the South Korean company.

LY was 64.5 percent owned by A Holdings Corp., which was half owned by Japanese telecom company SoftBank Corp. and the other half by Naver as of October last year.

LY said in November as many as 440,000 items of personal data, including those related to its users and business partners, were leaked due to unauthorized access. The number increased to about 510,000 after a subsequent investigation.

The leakage was caused when malware infected a server of LY's South Korea-based affiliate, Naver Cloud Corp., through a computer of a subcontractor. Naver Cloud and LY share an in-house system for dealing with employee and other personnel information, and this allowed unauthorized access into LY's internal system, according to LY.

The Japanese app operator had a similar data security issue in 2021, and is now required to regularly report the progress it is making in improving its operations.

"We strongly demand (LY) ensure its users' interests are protected," communications minister Takeaki Matsumoto said at a press conference.

LY President Takeshi Idezawa told reporters following the administrative measure that his company will "do our utmost to create an environment where our customers can use our services safely."

LY is considering punishing its executives over the data leakage, Idezawa added.

The Line app had 194 million users globally as of September 2022, according to the operator. Of those, 93 million were in Japan, 53 million in Thailand, 22 million in Taiwan and 8 million in Indonesia, it said.

Related Articles

  • Cyberattack on Japan firm managing Line app was 'supply chain attack' targeting weakness
  • Japan seniors use Line messaging app more than email to stay in touch: survey

Also in The Mainichi

Latest articles.

An Uber Eats Japan Inc. self-driving robot makes a delivery in Tokyo's Chuo Ward on March 5, 2024. (Kyodo)

More Articles

  • Go to Page Top
  • DSA with JS - Self Paced
  • JS Tutorial
  • JS Exercise
  • JS Interview Questions
  • JS Operator
  • JS Projects
  • JS Cheat Sheet
  • JS Examples
  • JS Free JS Course
  • JS A to Z Guide
  • JS Formatter
  • JS Web Technology

Related Articles

  • Solve Coding Problems
  • JavaScript Unary Operators
  • Left Shift Assignment (<<=) Operator in JavaScript
  • JavaScript String Operators
  • JavaScript Throttling
  • Exponentiation Assignment(**=) Operator in JavaScript
  • JavaScript | DataView()
  • XOR(^) Bitwise Operator in JavaScript
  • Right Shift (>>) Bitwise Operator in JavaScript
  • Zero Fill Right Shift (>>>) Bitwise Operator in JavaScript
  • JavaScript Operators Reference
  • JavaScript Basics
  • Introduction to JavaScript
  • Difference Between Scope and Closures in JavaScript
  • JavaScript Requests
  • Exponentiation(**) Arithmetic Operator in JavaScript
  • JavaScript SyntaxError - A declaration in the head of a for-of loop can't have an initializer
  • JavaScript SyntaxError - Unexpected token
  • JavaScript SyntaxError - JSON.parse: bad parsing
  • JavaScript Break Statement

Right Shift Assignment(>>=) Operator in JavaScript

The Right Shift Assignment Operator is represented by “>>=”. This operator shifts the first operand to the right and assigns the result to the variable. It can also be explained as shifting the first operand to the right in a specified amount of bits which is the second operand integer and then assigning the result to the first operand. 

Where –

  • a is the first operand, and
  • b is the second operand.

Example 1: In this example, we will see the implementation of the right shift assignment.

Example 2: In this example, we will see assigning the right shift operator to the variable.

We have a complete list of Javascript Assignment Operators, Please check this article Javascript Assignment Operator .

Supported Browser:

Please Login to comment...

  • Web Technologies
  • Android Phones Might Get a Secure Face Unlock Upgrade: Introducing PolarID by Metalenz
  • Mumble vs Discord: Which is best as Virtual Chatting Platform?
  • 12 Best AI Chatbots for WordPress to Take Website on Another Level in 2024
  • Top 10 DataRobot Alternatives for Efficient Data Preparation in 2024
  • Dev Scripter 2024 - Biggest Technical Writing Event By GeeksforGeeks

Improve your Coding Skills with Practice

 alt=

What kind of Experience do you want to share?

IMAGES

  1. The new Logical Assignment Operators in JavaScript

    javascript assignment or operator

  2. Logical Operators In Javascript Different Logical Operators In

    javascript assignment or operator

  3. Understanding Javascript Operators With Types And Examples Simplilearn

    javascript assignment or operator

  4. Javascript operators

    javascript assignment or operator

  5. JavaScript Assignment Operators Example

    javascript assignment or operator

  6. Assignment Operator in JavaScript

    javascript assignment or operator

VIDEO

  1. Operators in JavaScript

  2. About javascript

  3. JavaScript Destructuring & Rest Operator

  4. JavaScript Exponentiation Assignment #coding #javascript #tutorial #shorts

  5. JavaScript Part 1

  6. Javascript Assignment Operators ( Lecture -9 ) in Hindi

COMMENTS

  1. JavaScript OR (||) variable assignment explanation

    The boolean operators in JavaScript can return an operand, and not always a boolean result as in other languages. The Logical OR operator ( ||) returns the value of its second operand, if the first one is falsy, otherwise the value of the first operand is returned. For example: "foo" || "bar"; // returns "foo".

  2. Expressions and operators

    This chapter describes JavaScript's expressions and operators, including assignment, comparison, arithmetic, bitwise, logical, string, ternary and more. At a high level, an expression is a valid unit of code that resolves to a value. There are two types of expressions: those that have side effects (such as assigning values) and those that ...

  3. Assignment (=)

    The assignment operator is completely different from the equals (=) sign used as syntactic separators in other locations, which include:Initializers of var, let, and const declarations; Default values of destructuring; Default parameters; Initializers of class fields; All these places accept an assignment expression on the right-hand side of the =, so if you have multiple equals signs chained ...

  4. JavaScript Assignment

    Well organized and easy to understand Web building tutorials with lots of examples of how to use HTML, CSS, JavaScript, SQL, Python, PHP, Bootstrap, Java, XML and more. ... The Bitwise AND Assignment Operator does a bitwise AND operation on two operands and assigns the result to the the variable.

  5. JavaScript Assignment Operators

    JavaScript assignment operator is equal (=) which assigns the value of the right-hand operand to its left-hand operand. That is if a = b assigns the value of b to a. The simple assignment operator is used to assign a value to a variable. The assignment operation evaluates the assigned value.

  6. Logical AND assignment (&&=)

    Description. Logical AND assignment short-circuits, meaning that x &&= y is equivalent to x && (x = y), except that the expression x is only evaluated once. No assignment is performed if the left-hand side is not truthy, due to short-circuiting of the logical AND operator. For example, the following does not throw an error, despite x being ...

  7. JavaScript Assignment Operators

    An assignment operator ( =) assigns a value to a variable. The syntax of the assignment operator is as follows: let a = b; Code language: JavaScript (javascript) In this syntax, JavaScript evaluates the expression b first and assigns the result to the variable a. The following example declares the counter variable and initializes its value to zero:

  8. Assignment operators

    An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right operand.. Overview. The basic assignment operator is equal (=), which assigns the value of its right operand to its left operand.That is, x = y assigns the value of y to x.The other assignment operators are usually shorthand for standard operations, as shown in the following definitions and examples.

  9. JavaScript Operators

    There are different types of JavaScript operators: Arithmetic Operators. Assignment Operators. Comparison Operators. String Operators. Logical Operators. Bitwise Operators. Ternary Operators. Type Operators.

  10. JavaScript Operators (with Examples)

    JavaScript Assignment Operators. Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. For example, const x = 5; Here, the = operator is used to assign value 5 to variable x. Here's a list of commonly used assignment operators: Operator Name Example = Assignment operator: a = 7; // 7 +=

  11. JavaScript Logical OR assignment (||=) Operator

    This operator is represented by x ||= y and it is called a logical OR assignment operator. If the value of x is falsy then the value of y will be assigned to x. When we divide it into two parts it becomes x || ( x = y ). It checks if x is true or false, if the value of x is falsy then it runs the ( x = y ) block and the value of y gets stored ...

  12. Javascript Assignment Operators (with Examples)

    Here is the list of all assignment operators in JavaScript: In the following table if variable a is not defined then assume it to be 10. Operator Description Example Equivalent to = Assignment operator: a = 10: a = 10 += Addition assignment operator: a += 10: a = a + 10-= Subtraction assignment operator: a -= 10: a = a - 10 *=

  13. JavaScript assignment operators

    The first operand must be a variable and basic assignment operator is equal (=), which assigns the value of its right operand to its left operand. That is, a = b assigns the value of b to a. In addition to the regular assignment operator "=" the other assignment operators are shorthand for standard operations, as shown in the following table.

  14. JavaScript Logical AND assignment (&&=) Operator

    Courses. This operator is represented by x &&= y, and it is called the logical AND assignment operator. It assigns the value of y into x only if x is a truthy value. We use this operator x &&= y like this. Now break this expression into two parts, x && (x = y). If the value of x is true, then the statement (x = y) executes, and the value of y ...

  15. Javascript AND operator within assignment

    Basically, the Logical AND operator ( && ), will return the value of the second operand if the first is truthy, and it will return the value of the first operand if it is by itself falsy, for example: true && "foo"; // "foo". NaN && "anything"; // NaN. 0 && "anything"; // 0. Note that falsy values are those that coerce to false when used in ...

  16. Operator precedence

    This is because the assignment operator returns the value that is assigned. First, b is set to 5. Then the a is also set to 5 — the return value of b = 5, a.k.a. right operand of the assignment. As another example, the unique exponentiation operator has right-associativity, whereas other arithmetic operators have left-associativity.

  17. JavaScript Logical Assignment Operators

    The logical OR assignment operator ( ||=) accepts two operands and assigns the right operand to the left operand if the left operand is falsy: In this syntax, the ||= operator only assigns y to x if x is falsy. For example: console .log(title); Code language: JavaScript (javascript) In this example, the title variable is undefined, therefore ...

  18. JavaScript Assignment Operators

    The JavaScript Assignment operators are used to assign values to the declared variables. Equals (=) operator is the most commonly used assignment operator. For example: var i = 10; The below table displays all the JavaScript assignment operators. JavaScript Assignment Operators. Example. Explanation. =.

  19. How do you use the ? : (conditional) operator in JavaScript?

    The conditional operator (? :) is a useful way to write concise and elegant expressions in JavaScript. Learn how to use it with examples and comparisons with other operators. Stack Overflow is the largest online community for programmers to share and solve problems.

  20. JavaScript

    The assignment operators in JavaScript are used to assign values to the variables. These are binary operators. An assignment operator takes two operands, assigns a value to the left operand based on the value of right operand. The left operand is always a variable and the right operand may be literal, variable or expression.

  21. Expressions and operators

    Basic keywords and general expressions in JavaScript. These expressions have the highest precedence (higher than operators ). The this keyword refers to a special property of an execution context. Basic null, boolean, number, and string literals. Array initializer/literal syntax. Object initializer/literal syntax.

  22. #9 JavaScript Assignment Operators

    🙂SUBSCRIBE - hit the bell 🔔and choose all: https://goo.gl/nYLZvzIn this lesson, we're going to learn all about JavaScript Assignment Operators. Assignment ...

  23. How to declare the optional function parameters in JavaScript?

    Why to avoid: This misuse fails to distinguish between a false value passed intentionally and the absence of a value, leading to incorrect assignment and potentially buggy behavior.. Not Using Default Parameters for ES6 and Beyond. Ignoring the default parameter syntax available in ES6 and continuing to use older patterns for default values is a missed opportunity for cleaner, more readable code.

  24. JavaScript fundamentals

    Assignment operators, e.g. addition assignment and subtraction assignment. Comparison operators. Basic Math object methods, such as Math.random() ... Can easily be overkill for a small project — you might be better off writing a few lines of vanilla JavaScript to solve the problem or using a tailored library.

  25. Japan ministry urges Line app operator to bolster data protection

    Takeshi Idezawa, president of Line messaging app operator LY Corp., speaks to reporters in Tokyo on March 5, 2024. (Kyodo) TOKYO (Kyodo) -- Japan's communications ministry on Tuesday urged LY Corp ...

  26. Right Shift Assignment(>>=) Operator in JavaScript

    The Right Shift Assignment Operator is represented by ">>=". This operator shifts the first operand to the right and assigns the result to the variable. It can also be explained as shifting the first operand to the right in a specified amount of bits which is the second operand integer and then assigning the result to the first operand.