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Kinetics articles from across Nature Portfolio
Reaction kinetics describes rate dynamics in chemical and biological systems. It allows for the experimental determination of reaction rates, from which rate constants may be estimated, in order to better understand biological systems modelled by reaction–diffusion processes.
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The authors show G protein subtype selectivity at the β 1 -adrenergic receptor is driven by the binding kinetics of ternary complex formation. Bound to G protein, the receptor adopts conformations that differ from its agonist-bound solution states.
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An α-chain modification rivals the effect of fetal hemoglobin in retarding the rate of sickle cell fiber formation
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Global Chemical Kinetics of Fossil Fuels pp 25–74 Cite as
Introduction to Chemical Kinetics
- Alan K. Burnham 2
- First Online: 12 February 2017
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17 Citations
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After introducing the basis of the Arrhenius equation and its relationship to transition-state theory , forms of global chemical kinetic models are summarized, including shrinking core and pseudo n th-order reactions; sigmoidal reactions such as sequential, random scission, autocatalytic , logistic, and nucleation-growth model; and distributed reactivity models, including continuous and discrete activation energy distribution models. Isoconversional and model fitting methods for deriving chemical kinetic models are described, including how to use simple kinetic analyses to derive initial guesses for nonlinear regression of complex models. Common errors that lead to erroneous Arrhenius parameters are outlined.
- Isoconversional
- Model fitting
- Prout-tompkins model
- Sigmoidal reactions
- Autocatalytic reactions
- Random scission reactions
- Distributed reactivity model
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The presumption here in both cases is that the fit will be to the data as collected and not a logarithmic form or a linearized transformation. Such manipulation tends to magnify the importance of data with large error bars, leading to poorer agreement on the most important portions.
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Burnham, A.K. (2017). Introduction to Chemical Kinetics. In: Global Chemical Kinetics of Fossil Fuels. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49634-4_2
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Quantitative Biology > Molecular Networks
Title: effective kinetics of chemical reaction networks.
Abstract: Chemical reaction network theory is a powerful framework to describe and analyze chemical systems. While much about the concentration profile in an equilibrium state can be determined in terms of the graph structure, the overall reaction's time evolution depends on the network's kinetic rate function. In this article, we consider the problem of the effective kinetics of a chemical reaction network regarded as a conversion system from the feeding species to products. We define the notion of effective kinetics as a partial solution of a system of non-autonomous ordinary differential equations determined from a chemical reaction network. Examples of actual calculations include the Michaelis-Menten mechanism, for which it is confirmed that our notion of effective kinetics yields the classical formula. Further, we introduce the notion of straight-line solutions of non-autonomous ordinary differential equations to formalize the situation where a well-defined reaction rate exists and consider its relation with the quasi-stationary state approximation used in microkinetics. Our considerations here give a unified framework to formulate the reaction rate of chemical reaction networks.
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An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics
Author Claire Vallance Published September 2017
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The book is a short primer on chemical reaction rates based on a six-lecture first-year undergraduate course taught by the author at the University of Oxford. The book explores the various factors that determine how fast or slowly a chemical reaction proceeds and describes a variety of experimental methods for measuring reaction rates. The link between the reaction rate and the sequence of steps that makes up the reaction mechanism is also investigated. Chemical reaction rates is a core topic in all undergraduate chemistry courses.
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Front matter
Elementary reactions.
Claire Vallance
Rate laws: relating the reaction rate to reactant concentrations
Determining the rate law and obtaining mechanistic information from experimental data, experimental techniques for measuring reaction rates, introduction to complex reactions, using the steady-state approximation to derive rate laws for complex reactions, chain reactions and explosions, d o i.
https://doi.org/10.1088/978-1-6817-4664-7
The book will mainly be of interest to chemistry students, lecturers, tutors, and teachers, either at university level or possibly advanced high school level. It may also be of interest for professionals working in the chemical industry who would like a short, concise text to help them refresh their knowledge of chemical kinetics
Published September 2017
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Affiliations
Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford
About the author
Claire Vallance is a Professor of Physical Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Oxford, and Tutorial Fellow in Physical Chemistry at Hertford College, Oxford. She was brought up in the UK and New Zealand, and holds BSc(hons) and PhD degrees from the University of Canterbury (Christchurch, NZ), where she worked on gas-phase molecular dynamics. Her current research interests include reaction dynamics, the use of optical microcavities in chemical sensing applications, and the development of spectroscopic techniques for use during cardiovascular surgery and neurosurgery. She has given lecture courses on chemical kinetics, properties of gases, symmetry and group theory, reaction dynamics, and astro chemistry, as well as numerous outreach and public engagement lectures, and her tutorial teaching spans the breadth of physical chemistry. She is author of over 90 journal articles, four book chapters, nine patents, an e-textbook on symmetry and group theory, and a textbook Astrochemistry: From the Big Bang to the Present Day, and also co-edited the textbook Tutorials in Molecular Reaction Dynamics.
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Enzyme kinetics in drug metabolism: fundamentals and applications
Affiliation.
- 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- PMID: 24523105
- DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-758-7_1
Enzymes are protein catalysts that lower the energy barrier for a reaction and speed the rate of a chemical change. The kinetics of reactions catalyzed by enzymes, as well as several mechanisms underlying the kinetics, have been comprehensively studied and written in textbooks (1, 2). The importance of quantitative evaluation of enzymatic processes has been recognized in many fields of study, including biochemistry, molecular biology, and pharmaceutical sciences to name a few. In pharmaceutical sciences, the applications of enzyme kinetics range from hit finding efforts for new chemical entities on a pharmacological target to concentration effect relationships to large-scale biosynthesis. The study of the science of drug metabolism has two principal concepts-rate and extent. While understanding disposition pathways and identification of metabolites provides an insight into the extent of metabolism, kinetics of depletion of substrates (endogenous or exogenous) and formation of metabolites deals with the rate of metabolism. The current textbook specifically focuses on kinetics of drug-metabolizing enzymes, detailing specific enzyme classes, and discusses kinetics as they apply to drug transporters. This textbook also outlines additional factors that contribute to the kinetics of reactions catalyzed by these proteins such as variability in isoforms (pharmacogenomics) and experimental factors including key concepts such as alterations of substrate concentrations due to binding. Applications of these approaches in predicting kinetic parameters and alternative approaches for enzymes (systems biology) and transporters are also discussed. The final section focuses on real-life examples (case studies) to try and exemplify the applications of enzyme kinetic principles. This chapter provides a brief overview outlining some key concepts within each of the sections and the chapters within this textbook.
Publication types
- Introductory Journal Article
- Biological Transport
- Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
- Enzymes / metabolism*
- Models, Biological
- Pharmaceutical Preparations / metabolism*
- Enzyme Inhibitors
- Pharmaceutical Preparations
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
(1) Some landmarks in the history of chemical kinetics are associated with making mechanisms more realistic: the steady-state approximation of Bodenstein and Lind, (2) the Lindemann mechanism involving activated molecules for unimolecular dissociation, (3) and the Michaelis-Menten multistep mechanism for enzyme kinetics (4) are three examples.
International Journal of Chemical Kinetics About this Journal As the leading archival journal devoted exclusively to chemical kinetics, the International Journal of Chemical Kinetics publishes original research in gas phase, condensed phase, and polymer reaction kinetics, as well as biochemical and surface kinetics.
Steffen J Schmidt Prediction, assessments and studies on the composition of reaction mixtures as a function of time, to understand the processes that occur during a... | Explore the latest...
Reaction kinetics describes rate dynamics in chemical and biological systems. It allows for the experimental determination of reaction rates, from which rate constants may be estimated, in...
Chemical kinetics describe of the rate at which chemical structures change. Chemical kinetics can be fundamental (involving quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, or both) or phenomenological (semi-empirical rate laws derived from simplified physical models).
First published Jan 10, 2024 Understanding the rate-limiting step adsorption kinetics onto biomaterials for mechanism adsorption control Sahmoune Mohamed Nasser Moussa Abbas Mohamed Trari Open Access Research article First published Dec 13, 2023 Entropy controlled reaction of piperidine with isatin derivatives in 80% aqueous methanol
Learning the key concepts of chemical kinetics is a challenge for higher education students. These difficulties are due, among other things, to the fact that traditional teaching does not consider the findings of research on students' learning in this particular domain of chemistry. In this commentary, we propose research-based criteria for the selection of experiments that respond to the ...
Chemical Kinetics An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics. Margaret Robson Wright # 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISBNs: -470-09058-8 (hbk) -470-09059-6 (pbk) ... ISBN -470-09059-6 (pbk. : acid-free paper) 1. Chemical kinetics. I. Title. QD502.W75 2004 5410.394-dc22 2004006062 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record ...
... The estimation of kinetic parameters can be said to be the judgement of the worth of measurement of factors that defines a system or operating conditions with regards to the rate of chemical...
Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical reactions, the factors that affect these rates, and the reaction mechanisms by which reactions occur. Reaction rates vary greatly -...
Chemical reaction network theory is a powerful framework to describe and analyze chemical systems. While much about the concentration profile in an equilibrium state can be determined in terms of the graph structure, the overall reaction's time evolution depends on the network's kinetic rate function. In this article, we consider the problem of the effective kinetics of a chemical reaction ...
The International Journal of Chemical Kinetics publishes original research in gas phase, condensed phase, and polymer reaction kinetics. Abstract In this work, we compiled and evaluated rate expressions for reactions relevant to the decomposition and combustion of CH2F2 (difluoromethane, refrigerant R-32) in CH2F2/O2/N2 flames.
Chapter 4 Chemical Kinetics 3 graphically using a formalized system called arrow pushing in which the movement of electrons is diagrammed using a series of curved arrows. Arrow pushing diagrams adhere to the following rules: 1. Each arrow represents the movement of one pair of valence electrons. 2.
An Introduction to Chemical Kinetics Preview Author Claire Vallance Published September 2017 Download ebook PDF ePub Kindle The book is a short primer on chemical reaction rates based on a six-lecture first-year undergraduate course taught by the author at the University of Oxford.
The paper contained some new ideas, phase-field chemical kinetics and intercalation waves, that, the reviewers ... No. 5 2013 1144 1160 ACCOUNTS OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 1147 Theory of Chemical Kinetics and Charge TransferBazant alsodenotedas ΔG,thefreeenergyofreaction.Thereaction rate eq 7 can be expressed as a nonlinear function of Δμ:
This IJMS Special Issue is dedicated to papers that examine the significance and enhance our basic understanding of chemical reaction kinetics, molecular reaction dynamics, and reaction mechanisms that occur in solutions. Related closed Special Issue in 2015: " Solution Chemical Kinetics ". Prof. Dr. Malcolm D´Souza.
RESEARCH PAPER CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS Volume 32, Issue 7, 2011 Online English edition of the Chinese language journal Cite this article as: Chin. J. Catal., 2011, 32: 1085â€"1112. ... Chemical kinetics is the basis of catalysis; however, catalysis is not a part of the kinetics. L. A. PETROV et al. / Chinese Journal of Catalysis, 2011 ...
Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates of chemical reactions, the factors that affect these rates, and the reaction mechanisms by which reactions occur. Reaction rates vary greatly -...
this purpose, it is necessary to develop a knowledge of chemical kinetics, and therefore the work has been divided into two inter-related parts: chemical kinetics and CRE. Included with this book is a CD-ROM containing computer software that can be used for numerical solutions to many of the examples and problems within the book. The work
PMID: 24523105. DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-758-7_1. Enzymes are protein catalysts that lower the energy barrier for a reaction and speed the rate of a chemical change. The kinetics of reactions catalyzed by enzymes, as well as several mechanisms underlying the kinetics, have been comprehensively studied and written in textbooks (1, 2).
Chemical Kinetics and the Radiation Hypothesis M. Christine King & Keith J. Laidler ... The hypothesis is hinted at in a paper published in 1904 by H. P. Ba-rendrecht10, whom later Arrhenius11 regarded as the originator of the idea. ... Lewis18 had returned to England to carry out physico-chemical research in London, and in 1913 he succeeded F ...
This Special Issue aims to encourage scientists and engineers to publish their experimental and theoretical results in the field of modeling and simulation of chemical reactors. We invite relevant experts and colleagues to contribute papers that can reflect the latest progress in this research field. Communications, full research papers, and ...
Research in Chemical Kinetics complements the acclaimed series Comprehensive Chemical Kinetics, and is edited by the same team of professionals. The reviews contained in this volume are concise, topical accounts of specific research written by acknowledged experts. The authors summarize their latest work and place it in a general context.
Understanding the desorption process of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from sediments is crucial for evaluating pollutant transport and transformation rule. However, there have been limited studies on the desorption behavior of PAHs from sediments, particularly in relation to the aging process. Herein, batch desorption experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of the aging ...