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DETERMINANTS OF UNEMPLOYMENT IN PAKISTAN
Unemployment is one of the significant variables that depicts the health of an economy.
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Dr. Asif Kamran , Sobia Zaman
This study has been carried out to examine the determinants of unemployment in Pakistan for the period of 1981-2010 using Regression Model, descriptive stats and graphs. Population growth, Interest rate, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product and literacy rate in Pakistan are being used as explanatory variables. Also the state of democracy in the country has been taken into consideration. Findings include that population growth fuels unemployment positively and where as literacy rate and foreign direct investment has negative impact on unemployment. Often it is perceived that unemployment rate of rural areas is greater because in rural areas there are less chances of employment as compared to urban areas where there are more chances of employment due to more industries.Political regime is also taken into consideration as a dummy variable. In this research we also analyze factors underlying the employment, study the trends of variables involved in the study and suggest recommendations for reduction in unemployment in Pakistan. Numerical data collected from various sources which will be presented in forms of charts and tables and will be given statistical and mathematical treatment through use of E-views. The study is by and large descriptive in nature all the findings will be analyzed theoretically and objectively. Keywords Foreign direct investment (FDI) · Real gross domestic product (RGDP) · International monitory fund (IMF) · Unemployment rate (UE) · Population growth rate (PGR) · Political regime (PR) · Literacy rate (LR)
Abdul Qayyum
This paper critically analyzes the effect of growth in real GDP on reduction in unemployment. In this paper deviated value of GDP and unemployment from long term trend is used. Annual data for the period 1960-2005, taken from Economic Survey of Pakistan and International Financial Statistic is used for analysis. The study revealed that growth in real GDP is negatively related to unemployment. The negative effect of GDP growth on unemployment reduction is low, implies that other factors like lose employment policies and non availability of professional skills retard the employment generating capacity of GDP growth rate. The results signify the threshold level of GDP growth rate. Based on the findings of the study it is recommended that market based economy development is needed. Privatization which is believed to be depending on efficiency may help in this regard. Long term skill development and merit based recruitment policies may also accelerate employment generating capacity of output growth. If government of Pakistan want to retard unemployment they must maintain GDP growth rate above the threshold level other wise unemployment will rise instead of retarding it.
Asim Iqbal, PhD , tariq hussain
—The study is aimed to test causal relationship between growth and unemployment, using time series data for Pakistan from 1972 to 2006. Growth is considered to be a pathway to decrease the level of unemployment. Unemployment is a social and political issue. It is a phenomenon where human resources are wasted leading to deacceleration in growth. Johanson Cointegration shows that there is long run relationship between growth and unemployment. For short run dynamics and causality, the study utilizes Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results of VECM indicate that there is short and long run causal relation between growth and unemployment including capital, labor and human capital as explanatory variables.
Muhammad Bilal Hassan
In this research paper we study macroeconomic factors to analyze the economic condition of Pakistan. Economic strength of a country is generally measured by GDP rate. There are several factors that affect the economy of a country, unemployment is one of them. An analysis is conducted on unemployment and GDP, percent growth rate data has been taken of both macroeconomic factors. Our objective is to check the impact of unemployment on GDP. Results are derived from a thorough study in which correlation results conclude that unemployment has a strong relation with GDP of strong intensity. Introduction:
Katarzyna Nagel
IntroductionThe relationships between economic growth and unemployment are currently a topical research theme. In view of the economic crisis, structural changes and high dynamics of technological advances, such research seems to be of significant importance and gains a new dimension. Moreover, the implementation of the EU economic programme, "Europe 2020", implies the new quality of these relationships. The member states have adopted three mutually reinforcing priorities: intelligent growth (the development of the economy based on knowledge and innovation), sustainable growth (the promotion of the economy which is more effective, ecological and competitive) and inclusive growth (the stimulation of high employment rates aimed at building social and territorial cohesion), the achievement of which requires higher resource efficiency (also labor resources).Today, it is difficult to determine whether the European economy will achieve desired growth or if its character will lea...
Nasir A R Syed
The current study has been designed to investigate the relationship between unemployment and the different factors having impact on unemployment directly or indirectly. The basic purpose of the study is to check that either their effects are significant or insignificant. At first, normality, independence, homoscedasticity and autocorrelation are checked. Stepwise regression with forward selection technique is utilized for the model selection. Model selection criteria used is to select a best fitted model. For the said purpose, yearly data of Pakistan from 1990 – 2010 is utilized. In the study, unemployment is the dependent variable and GDP, FDI, Budget deficit, Inflation, Literacy rate, population growth rate and Labor force are taken as explanatory variables. Our results revealed that the Labor force has a positively effect on the unemployment while inflation and FDI has a negative effect on the unemployment. SPSS, E-views, Mini tab and Microsoft Excel software's are used to an...
Kayode O L U W A D A M I L A R E BANKOLE
This study was carried out to examine the causes of unemployment in Nigeria and its effects on the economy of the country. Data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria, Statistical Bulletin (2017), National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Internet, CIA site, Index Mundi and past studies. The study covered period of 18 years, 1999 to 2017. EViews version 7 was used to analyse the data gathered, while Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method was adopted. This study discovered that the unemployment in Nigeria is the major contribution to the poverty level in the country. Money supply and credit to private sector were recognised to have significant effect on unemployment level in the economy. It is also discovered that gross domestic product and unemployment rate in Nigeria has positive relationship which is an indication that growth in GDP does not amount to overall development in Nigeria. This study recommend that government should make credit available to private sector, increase money in circulation and try to reduce external debt which drain away the wealth of the nation through interest payments to reduce poverty rate in Nigeria.
Dr. Habib ur Rehman Business Administration
Dr.Faraz Ahmed Wajidi
Developing countries like Pakistan face a host of economic problems in the form of stagnant exports, low economic growth, inadequate private investment, and inefficient utilization of foreign direct investment. Given these problems, we have examined macroeconomic factors impact on unemployment in Pakistan from 1967 to 2018. We also tested the proposed hypotheses through “VAR, fully modified least squares, and Granger causality tests.” Our results suggest that exports did not stimulate jobs in Pakistan. Perhaps, Pakistan needs to diversify its exports by focusing on non-conventional value-added goods. The results also indicate that although FDI and government expenditures have created jobs, they are below expectations. Although we found that private investment has helped job creation, the effect is small compared to other developing countries. Furthermore, we find that macroeconomic factors have had little impact on unemployment in the long run.
Peni Ahmadi
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The Impact of Unemployment on Economic Growth in Pakistan: An Empirical Investigation CC BY-NC 4.0 Authors: Salyha Zulfiqar Ali Shah Bahauddin Zakariya University Mah Rukh Shabbir Sabiha...
(PDF) Determinants of Unemployment in Pakistan. Home Econ Labor Statistics Unemployment Determinants of Unemployment in Pakistan. Authors: Rizwan Raheem Ahmed Indus University Karachi...
This research paper is an observed support in existence of Phillips curve in Pakistan Introduction Inflation and unemployment are hot topics of all financial system. All policy-makers aim for achieving low inflation and unemployment.
This paper determined the determinants of unemployment i.e. Population growth rate, inflation rate, Foreign Direct Investment and Gross Domestic Product growth rate in context of Pakistan economy.
This study has been carried out to examine the determinants of unemployment in Pakistan for the period of 1981-2010 using Regression Model, descriptive stats and graphs. Population growth,...
The unemployment rate in Pakistan was 5.7 percent in 1990s on the average which increased to 6.80 percent in 2000s on the average. The unemployment rate remained at 6 percent in last three years. The unemployment rose in the last decades of 1990s due to low economic growth as well as the result of fiscal tightening in Pakistan. Global recession ...
According labor force survey our country is the 9 th biggest nation. in the world. The total labor was 57.25 million while labor forces 53.84 million are employed and 3.40 are unemployed (Economic survey of Pakistan,2010-11).All people who are of twelve years and above included in labor force in Pakistan.
This study analyzes the impact of globalization on unemployment in Pakistan, using annual data for the period 1980 to 2013. Using the ARDL econometric framework, we find that the economic, political and social aspects of globalisation differ in their effects. The data suggest that political and social integration, whilst beneficial in the short run, increase the long run expected unemployment ...
Assistant Professor, Department of Pakistan Studies, Shaikh Ayaz University, Shikarpur Sindh, Pakistan PAPER INFO ABSTRACT Received: April 25, 2020 Accepted: June 15, 2020 Online: June 30, 2020 This empirical study has mainly examined the association between inflation and unemployment in Pakistan. The study has used the time series data from ...
Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Determinants of Unemployment in Pakistan: A Statistical Study (PDF) Determinants of Unemployment in Pakistan: A Statistical Study | Tahir Mahmood - Academia.edu
Academia.edu is a platform for academics to share research papers. Determinants of Unemployment in Pakistan: A Statistical Study (PDF) Determinants of Unemployment in Pakistan: A Statistical Study | Tahir Mahmood - Academia.edu
This research study is about the impact of two major economic vices namely inflation and unemployment on the economic growth in Pakistan. The research study brought to light the varying effects of both variables on economic growth in different time eras. The researcher has chosen data on the Pakistan economy ranging from 1972 to 2021.
... Empirically Zeb et al (2014) results revealed that FDI plays an important role in reducing unemployment. (Mahmood T. et al, 2014) found that FDI has a negative effect on unemployment in...
Causality results showed that crime is caused by inflation, poverty and unemployment in Pakistan. Rafiq et al (2010) estimated the determinants of unemployment in Pakistan by using time series data from 1998 to 2008. Data is taken from Economic Survey of Pakistan. The study used Simple single equation linear regression
Pakistan Social Sciences Review March 2021, Vol. 5, No. I [85-98] P-ISSN 2664-0422 O-ISSN 2664-0430 RESEARCH PAPER Youth Unemployment and its Origins: An Analyses of Multan District Khawaja Asif Mehmood*1 Ali Azam 2 Ashfaq Ahmad 3 1. Assistant Professor, School of Economics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan 2.
This study investigates the relationship between higher education development and unemployment in Pakistan by using the annual time series data from the period of 1973 to 2013. ... Social Indicators Research, 120(2), 395-409. Crossref. ... The Australian labour market and unemployment in 2004. Paper presented to the HR Nicholls Society's ...
Unemployment and Its Determinants: A Study of Pakistan Economy (1999-2010) Authors: Muhammad Arslan Abbott Laboratories Rashid Zaman Request full-text Abstract This study has been conducted to...
Published Sep 2, 2021 + Follow Abstract: Unemployment is the most challenging issues of Pakistan. The problem lies among the globe as a most challenging issue. Moreover, the causes and...
The objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of youth unemployment on Pakistan's economy by using time series data of 29 years from 1990 to 2019. The unemployment was selected as dependent variable whereas annual population growth, interest rate, inflation, FDI, external debt and wages were selected as independent variables.
The objective of this research paper is to analyze the impact of youth unemployment on Pakistan's economy by using time series data of 29 years from 1990 to 2019. The unemployment was...
Abstract:This paper sought to estimate the impact of unemployment on the economic growth in Nigeria, using time series data from 1999 to 2017. The data used were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria database and World Bank' data Bank. Explanatory research design was employed using Augmented Dickey-Fuller, Philip-
Dr. Asif Kamran, Sobia Zaman This study has been carried out to examine the determinants of unemployment in Pakistan for the period of 1981-2010 using Regression Model, descriptive stats and graphs.
This paper presents a comprehensive literature review using a content analysis approach to investigate the reasons for the unemployment problem across many countries and identifies proposed...