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World War II put a heavy burden on US supplies of basic materials like food, shoes, metal, paper, and rubber. The Army and Navy were growing, as was the nation’s effort to aid its allies overseas. Civilians still needed these materials for consumer goods as well. To meet this surging demand, the federal government took steps to conserve crucial supplies, including establishing a rationing system that impacted virtually every family in the United States.

ww2 rationing homework help

Top Image From the Collection of The National WWII Museum.

Rationing involved setting limits on purchasing certain high-demand items. The government issued a number of “points” to each person, even babies, which had to be turned in along with money to purchase goods made with restricted items. In 1943 for example, a pound of bacon cost about 30 cents, but a shopper would also have to turn in seven ration points to buy the meat. These points came in the form of stamps that were distributed to citizens in books throughout the war. The Office of Price Administration (OPA) was in charge of this program, but it relied heavily on volunteers to hand out the ration books and explain the system to consumers and merchants. By the end of the war, about 5,600 local rationing boards staffed by over 100,000 citizen volunteers were administering the program.

Tires were the first product to be rationed , starting in January 1942, just weeks after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Everyday consumers could no longer buy new tires; they could only have their existing tires patched or have the treads replaced. Doctors, nurses, and fire and police personnel could purchase new tires, as could the owners of buses, certain delivery trucks, and some farm tractors, but they had to apply at their local rationing board for approval. Good, functional tires became so valuable that the boards often advised auto owners to keep track of the serial numbers on their tires in case they were stolen.

"Plan your victory garden now. Get your garden plot lined up. Get the advice of a garden expert if you need it. And be prepared to grow your own for victory."

Dig for Victory Newsreel, 1943

Personal automobiles met a similar fate in February 1942 as auto manufacturers converted their factories to produce jeeps and ambulances and tanks. Gasoline was rationed starting in May of that year, and by the summer even bicycle purchases were restricted.

The government began rationing certain foods in May 1942, starting with sugar. Coffee was added to the list that November, followed by meats, fats, canned fish, cheese, and canned milk the following March. Newspapers, home economics classes, and government organizations offered all sorts of tips to help families stretch their ration points and have as much variety in their meals as possible. Propaganda posters urged Americans to plant “victory gardens” and can their own vegetables to help free up more factory-processed foods for use by the military. Restaurants instituted meatless menus on certain days to help conserve the nation’s meat supply, and advertisers offered up recipes for meatless dinners like walnut cheese patties and creamed eggs over pancakes. Macaroni and cheese became a nationwide sensation because it was cheap, filling, and required very few ration points. Kraft sold some 50 million boxes of its macaroni and cheese product during the war.

Citizens line up outside their local War Rationing Board office on Gravier Street in New Orleans, 1943.

Citizens line up outside their local War Rationing Board office on Gravier Street in New Orleans, 1943. <br>(Image: Library of Congress, LC-USW3-022900-E.)

The system wasn’t perfect. Whenever the OPA announced that an item would soon be rationed , citizens bombarded stores to buy up as many of the restricted items as possible, causing shortages. Black market trading in everything from tires to meat to school buses plagued the nation, resulting in a steady stream of hearings and even arrests for merchants and consumers who skirted the law. Store clerks did what they could to prevent hoarding by limiting what they would sell to a person or by requiring them to bring in an empty container of a product before purchasing a full one. State legislatures passed laws calling for stiff punishments for black market operators, and the OPA encouraged citizens to sign pledges promising not to buy restricted goods without turning over ration points.

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From the Collection to the Classroom: Teaching History with The National WWII Museum

As World War II came to a close in 1945, so did the government’s rationing program. By the end of that year, sugar was the only commodity still being rationed . That restriction finally ended in June 1947. Plenty of other goods remained in short supply for months after the war, thanks to years of pent-up demand. Before long, however, manufacturers had caught up, and Americans could buy all the butter, cars, and nylon hosiery they wanted.

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29th July 2018

In 1940, a thing called Rationing begun because Hitler was shooting down ships and planes that brought food to the UK. Rationing meant everyone would get exactly the same amount of food, regardless of how much money you had. There were many rationed items during the war, but some of them were:

  • Chocolate!?

Unfortunately, there wasn’t much Sweets or Chocolate!! Here is a diagram that shows you how much a person would get:

ww2 rationing homework help

You here very lucky to get any Sweets or Chocolate at all if you got any. Vegetables, on the other hand, you could have as many as you liked, because you can grow them in your back garden (now there’s no excuse for not eating your 5 vegetables a day.) Petrol was also rationed. Not many people had a car back then, but the people who did could only drive 20-50 miles per week. If you put a sign on your car saying you will offer people lifts, you would’ve got extra petrol.

Rationing: The Black Market

The Black Market was an illegal market which meant some people (not just the rich) could have more than their fair share of food. Let me give you a little example: you went to the bakery to get some bread, and the person at the checkout purposely ‘forgot’ to take your token in, so you could have DOUBLE next week!!

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Rationing in WW2 Full Lesson & Resources

Rationing in WW2 Full Lesson & Resources

Subject: History

Age range: 7-11

Resource type: Lesson (complete)

Horseshoe Academics

Last updated

16 February 2024

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ww2 rationing homework help

This lesson will help children to understand rationing during the Second World War / WW2. They will learn what rationing was, why it was introduced and which items were rationed, as well as how rationing affected people’s day to day lives.

This resource includes:

PowerPoint detailing what rationing was and and why it was introduced. Throughout the PowerPoint, there are various discussion questions to pose to your class - opportunities for partner talk/reflection/think, pair, share and feeding back to the class.

Three independent tasks to complete (including extension task). You can either complete all of the tasks or choose the most fitting task(s) for your class and ability levels.

Task 1 - Create a poster or double page spread detailing everything you have learned about rationing in WW2. Information mat included to help with this.

Task 2 - Design your own ration book or clothing coupon book.

Extension Task - Research wartime recipes and create an ingredients list and step-by-step method using ingredients that you could buy with your ration quota.

  • Lesson plan for teacher.

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A bundle is a package of resources grouped together to teach a particular topic, or a series of lessons, in one place.

WW2 Unit Bundle (9 Lessons) KS2

World War 2 Unit Bundle - 9 Lessons -KS2 Everything you need to teach World War Two to your Key Stage 2 class! This bundle includes 9 lessons, each of which includes a detailed PowerPoint, a lesson plan for the teacher, differentiated and independent tasks for LA/MA/HA, scaffolding/models for independent tasks, starter activities and exit tickets, opportunities for partner talk/group work and links to relevant videos/audio where appropriate. **Lessons included: ** 1. How did WW2 start? 2. Areas of influence – Axis and Allied Powers 3. Dunkirk 4. Battle of Britain 5. The Blitz 6. D-Day 7. Rationing 8. Evacuation 9. Roles of women in WW2 All resources are fully editable so can be used as they are or tweaked to suit individual classes and learners. Hope you find these useful! Please leave a review - it would be very much appreciated!

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Rationing During World War II: Middle School Webquest

Rationing During World War II: Middle School Webquest

On the Home Front: World War II Rationing

During World War II, fighting interrupted normal commerce between nations. Because importing goods was difficult, if not impossible, and because of the military’s increased need for certain items, many countries implemented a rationing system, which meant that civilians could not buy some things and could only buy limited quantities of others. This allowed everyone to have a chance at a fair share. With this World War II webquest on rationing, you can find out how people adapted and made do with what they had.

The local War Price and Rationing Board is concerned about the morale of the citizens and their response to rationing. They have commissioned you and your partner, 1940s advertising experts, to create a booklet that will explain the rationing system and provide the readers with suggestions on how to manage clothing and meals during the shortages. The brochure should include clothing advice, information on new fashions, ways to adapt recipes, and new menu and recipe ideas, along with an explanation of how the rationing system works and what is rationed.

One member of your team should focus on researching how to compensate for food shortages, while the other becomes an expert on fashions and ways to accommodate shortages in fabrics, shoes, hosiery and other clothing items. Together, you should explore the rationing system and how it was administered.

Your booklet should be printed as a 5” x 8” document, with at least six pages, including a cover sheet and a Table of Contents page, plus a minimum of four pages of tips, menus and recipes. To make your booklet interesting to the readers, you may include pictures. However, for each page with more than two pictures, you must add another page of tips; so, for example, if two pages of your pages have three pictures, your booklet will need to have eight pages rather than six.

You should not simply copy menus and recipes from one of your sources. Look at some of the types of dishes that were popular and show how to modify them for missing ingredients. You may also choose some of your own favorite recipes and change them to accommodate the rationing. You may copy only one recipe exactly, and you must give credit to the author of the recipe.

Pictures should be original and should look like they were created during this time; remember that photographs and full-color pictures were not used in this type of material. Every picture must have a caption and all of your text should be free of spelling, grammar and syntax errors.

References:

Use these websites for your research:

Life on the Home Front – Rationing: A Necessary But Hated Sacrifice

Learn about the necessity for and process of rationing, along with information about the black market and other issues.

Reading Eagle: Joanna Furnace Brings Back the Fashions, Times of World War II Era

Read about war-time fashions and the accommodations people made for the things they could not buy.

Ames Historical Society: World War II Rationing on the U.S. Homefront

Reproductions of ration books and tokens on this page are accompanied by explanations, reasons for and benefits of rationing.

United States History: World War II Rationing

Learn more about living through World War II back in the United States.

Ames Historical Society: Rationed Goods in the USA During the Second World War

Find a list of rationed items and the dates during which they were controlled.

Historical Boys’ Clothing: World War II Rationing

Find out how rationing affected boys’ clothes during the war years.

BBC – World War 2: Food and Shopping

Read about how you would have shopped during World War II.

How Rationing Affected Fashions

Learn which clothes were rationed and how people adapted.

World War 2 Homefront: Rationing

Listen to a war-era government announcement while reading about rationing.

Wartime Nutrition, Rationing, and Scarcity in World War II

Watch a film produced by the U.S. Office of War to help citizens know how to adapt to food rationing and shortages.

Now that you’ve completed the World War II rationing webquest, see how you can apply the lessons of rationing to “going green.”

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Just How Tough Was World War II Rationing? Very

A look back on sacrifices americans made in support of a common effort.

by Aaron Kassraie, AARP , May 1, 2020

world war two ration book with backdrop of that periods foodstuffs

Jack Sullivan / Alamy Stock Photo

En español | Faced with the coronavirus, Americans have been asked to remain inside our homes, wash our hands and maintain a distance of six feet from others. During World War II, Americans were asked to make do with less of everything from gasoline to sugar to toothpaste. How tough was the rationing in World War II? Very. Take a look back at these sacrifices Americans made in support of a common effort.

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item 1 of Gallery image - two historical images the first is a young boy receiving a can of v 8 in exchange for his ration card and the other is a poster promoting good rationing practices

PHOTO BY: National Archives

President Franklin Roosevelt created the Office of Price Administration in August 1941. Its main responsibility was to place a ceiling on prices of most goods to prevent wartime price gouging, and to limit consumption by rationing.

Everyone, including children, was issued a ration book, each of which had a certain number of rationing points per week. Meat and processed foods, vital for soldiers abroad, had high points. Fresh fruit and vegetables had no points. It was a complex system that the U.S. drafted cartoonist Chuck Jones  to explain on film.  Here, this schoolboy had his first experience using War Ration Book Two.

item 2 of Gallery image - historical photo of a sugar rationing line during world war two times

Supplies such as gasoline, butter, canned milk and sugar were rationed so they could be provided for the war effort. Many people got three gallons of gas a week. The people here were standing in line for sugar, the first and last commodity that was rationed .  The allocation was half a pound a week, half of what Americans typically consumed.

item 3 of Gallery image - world war two era posters the left one says do with less so they will have enough with an image of a soldier holding a cup and the one of the right shows an empty plate cleared of its contents and says food is a weapon do not waste it

Just as the Twitter hashtag #stayhome is designed to encourage people to practice social distancing — and feel good about doing it —rationing posters provided a sense of patriotism and a link to efforts at home for those serving overseas .

Armies travel on their bellies. Although the federal government was promoting increased production of food, it also encouraged curtailing food waste. Citizens were told to eat their leftovers and “lick their plate clean."

item 4 of Gallery image - two historical posters on the left is an illustration of a pig taking a shower with the text nobody loves a water hog and on the right is a set of long underwear with the text was shipments mean less fuel for all dress warmly indoors to avoid colds

Mechanized warfare requires plenty of gasoline and oil. Civilians were asked to dress warmly in order to preserve oil and fuel for military transportation purposes.

Rationing gasoline and other fuels kept energy-hungry tanks and battleships running. The government urged people to cut down on anything that strained fuel resources — even taking long showers.

item 5 of Gallery image - two historical images are shown the first is a save scrap for victory poster and the other is large stacks of tires from a rubber reclamation project

PHOTO BY: Library of Congress

Scrap drives were a common way people could provide for the war effort. Contributing rags, rubber, paper or metal could help the government build airplanes and other equipment needed to fight the war .

The first nonfood item rationed was rubber, because many of Asia’s rubber plantations were under Japanese control. President Roosevelt asked citizens to help by contributing old tires, rubber raincoats, garden hoses, shoes and bathing caps .  Millions of discarded tires covered over 100 acres at this Midwest recovery plant.

item 6 of Gallery image - two rows of women sitting in chairs holding informational papers and reading in a classroom setting

To extend the life of rationed goods, wartime recipes included suitable replacements for limited ingredients. These wives of war workers, in Alexandria, Virginia, learned wartime cooking methods during a food demonstration meeting.

item 7 of Gallery image - poster from world war two advertising that nurses aides are needed

To fill the insufficient ranks of military nurses, posters and pamphlets urged young women to become a nurse. Once a woman was determined eligible, she had to be trained for wartime and combat nursing. This included exercises in medicine, map-reading, physical endurance and Army procedures.

item 8 of Gallery image - old poster with images  of bayoneted soldiers and savings charts advertising buying war bonds

The U.S. Treasury offered a series of war bonds citizens could purchase to invest in the country and, ideally, one’s own financial future. A $25 war bond could be purchased for $18.75. The government would use the money to pay for military equipment. After about 10 years the bond could be redeemed for $25, a nearly 3 percent average annual return.

item 9 of Gallery image - crowd of people at a world war two rally with several children in the front holding an oversized ceremonial check for army supplies from money raised by their school

Chicago schoolchildren present the US military with a check from their fundraising efforts

Public school children in Chicago purchased $263,148.83 in war bonds and stamps. The campaign concluded with a rally in Washington Park. The large check represented enough money for 125 jeeps, two pursuit (fighter) planes and a motorcycle.

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Rationing during world war ii in the us.

Illustration from The Story of War Time Rationing, Los Angeles County Federation of Labor Collection

The Corporal Raymond Marshall Collection documents Marshall's experiences as an African-American man serving in an all-black unit during World War II, before the US military was desegregated. The collection consists of a single diary he used from 1942- 1945 with several pieces of ephemera and clippings he tucked between the pages, which includes a ration card issued in his name. Pieces of Japanese money, a gun crew pass, Marshall's motor vehicle operator's license, a luau ticket, Marshall's Order of the Golden Dragon card indicating the date he first crossed the international date line, and other items are among the ephemera in the collection.

Changes to consumer habits that began during the war extended beyond the war years. People adapted and adjusted to the significant sacrifices that had to be made and, adopted alternative ways to meet their needs. They grew victory gardens; repaired, reused and recycled items; and started to live more sustainable lives with meagre resources. The stamps, coins, and ration books served as a reminder of the need to prioritize necessities over luxuries. 

The Story of Wartime Rationing will be showcased among other artifacts related to rationing and food in our upcoming exhibit called “Eating The Archives” which will be on exhibit from August 27, 2023 through July 15, 2024.

Cover of The Story of War Time Rationing, Los Angeles County Federation of Labor Collection

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COMMENTS

  1. Food Rationing during World War 2

    How long was food rationed for? Rationing of food lasted for 14 years and ended on July 4, 1954. How did food rationing work? Every person in Britain was given a ration book. They had to register and buy their food from their chosen shops.

  2. Rationing

    World War II put a heavy burden on US supplies of basic materials like food, shoes, metal, paper, and rubber. The Army and Navy were growing, as was the nation's effort to aid its allies overseas. Civilians still needed these materials for consumer goods as well.

  3. Rationing

    29th July 2018 Rationing In 1940, a thing called Rationing begun because Hitler was shooting down ships and planes that brought food to the UK. Rationing meant everyone would get exactly the same amount of food, regardless of how much money you had. There were many rationed items during the war, but some of them were: Milk Cheese Butter Meat

  4. Rationing in the UK

    All with the aim of starving the British public in to giving up. In order to prevent shortages, the British government gradually introduced rationing to make sure there was enough to go round for ...

  5. WW2 Rationing worksheets

    These worksheets reveal how rationing functioning during the Second World War: They include: - Details of one week's rations for an adult - Sample rationing recipes - A WW2 menu chart - Two Maths quiz sheets focusing on the amounts of rations received - One comprehension question sheet Creative Commons "Sharealike"

  6. PDF World War II Rationing

    World War II was a worldwide war that lasted from 1939 through 1945. The United States' involvement in the war lasted from 1941 through 1945. The war was fought overseas, which means American soldiers were sent to Europe and Asia to fight the war. But that doesn't mean Americans at home in the U.S. had an easy time.

  7. WW2 Rationing Meal Activity

    Helpful roi123 - Verified member since 2017 Reviewed on 11 November 2019 One person found this helpful Helpful How can I use this WW2 rationing activity in KS2 classes? This fantastic activity is a brilliant resource you can use during your lessons on Rationing WW2 Facts KS2.

  8. What is WW2 Rationing?

    Rationing in WW2 facts for KS2 students. Rationing was introduced in Britain in January 1940. Certain foods such as butter, bacon, and sugar, were restricted - people could only buy a limited amount to ensure there was enough to go around. After the outbreak of war in September 1939, food became scarce. This was because around two-thirds of ...

  9. Rationing in WW2 Full Lesson & Resources

    Task 1 - Create a poster or double page spread detailing everything you have learned about rationing in WW2. Information mat included to help with this. Task 2 - Design your own ration book or clothing coupon book.

  10. World War 2 Rationing Worksheets Teaching Resources

    Check out this informational text and worksheet bundle! This resource provides a detailed overview of rationing during World War II. Included: 2 page text, Summary Questions, True/False Worksheet and Keys.NOTE: The font is Lexend which is designed for students with dyslexia and can be noted as an accommodation.

  11. Rationing Timeline in Britain during World War 2

    1939 World War Two begins 1939 - Petrol rationing (ended May 1950 ) 8 January 1940 - Rationing of bacon, butter and sugar 11 March 1940 - All meat was rationed July 1940 - Tea and margarine were added to the list of rationed foods. March 1941 - Jam was put on ration. May 1941 - Cheese was rationed

  12. Rationing Lesson Plan

    How do I teach rationing WW2 facts to KS2 students? This fully planned and resourced lesson pack has everything you need to teach an excellent history lesson full of rationing WW2 facts for KS2. Rationing impacted lots of people during the war, so it's an important part of this historical topic.

  13. World War II Rationing Lesson Plan

    What is rationing and why was it necessary during WWII? This lesson plan relies on a text lesson and will take your instruction on rationing to a...

  14. What is WW2 Rationing??

    Teach KS2 children what rationing was really like in WW2. Discover which foods were restricted and find ways of teaching KS2 pupils about life on the home front. Rationing was introduced in Britain in January 1940. Certain foods such as butter, bacon, and sugar, were restricted - people could only buy a limited amount to ensure there was enough to go around. After the outbreak of war in ...

  15. Rationing During World War II: Middle School Webquest

    BBC - World War 2: Food and Shopping. Read about how you would have shopped during World War II. How Rationing Affected Fashions. Learn which clothes were rationed and how people adapted. World War 2 Homefront: Rationing. Listen to a war-era government announcement while reading about rationing. Wartime Nutrition, Rationing, and Scarcity in ...

  16. World War Two Rationing Teaching Resources

    The following is a 3 part World War II activity focusing on the home front in the United States. This activity allows for students to become an American living in the U.S. during the years of 1942-1945 and discover the ways citizens contributed to the war effort by rationing, recycling, and conserving.Part 1 asks students to plan three meals for their family of four (breakfast, lunch, and ...

  17. Just How Tough Was World War II Rationing? Very

    How tough was the rationing in World War II? Very. Take a look back at these sacrifices Americans made in support of a common effort. ... Contributing rags, rubber, paper or metal could help the government build airplanes and other equipment needed to fight the war. The first nonfood item rationed was rubber, because many of Asia's rubber ...

  18. Rationing During World War II in the US

    World War II stands as a memorable chapter in human history, forever altering the course of nations and leaving a permanent impact on the world. As a step towards the great sacrifice and collective effort of the United States, rationing became a necessary initiative. Special Collections & Archives houses multiple collections related to the events that occurred during World War

  19. World War Two (WW2) for Kids

    1939 - 1945 Remembrance Day For almost six years from 1939 to 1945 Britain fought the toughest war it had ever experienced. World War II was total war - every person, every business, every service was involved. Britain did not fight alone, the war also involved many countries.

  20. First World War Rationing Meal Worksheet

    Use this clear worksheet to teach children how food was rationed during the First World War. This resources comes complete with beautiful hand-drawn illustrations. Know your class: some content may be too upsetting for some children, due to experiences in their own past.

  21. Ww2 Rationing Teaching Resources

    World War II Rationing, Recycling, and Conserving Activity. by. Steven's Social Studies Department. 87. $4.99. Word Document File. Activity. The following is a 3 part World War II activity focusing on the home front in the United States. This activity allows for students to become an American living in the U.S. during the years of 1942-1945 and ...